Fan Zhen, a thinker at the time of the Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties and the author of The Extinction of Immortals, was appointed as the prefect of Yidu (formerly known as Yichang). During his tenure, on the one hand, he abolished prostitution and taught the people to get rid of superstitions and ghosts; On the one hand, people are encouraged to work hard and live and work in peace and contentment. Remarkable achievements, praised by the people. 1600 years ago, Song Yuan, a native of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, inspected the landscape here and wrote Yidu Ji, which had a great influence on the ancient literary world. Highly praised by modern scholar Qian Zhongshu, it is called China's earliest independent landscape record. By the Tang Dynasty, the great poet Li Bai had grown up in Sichuan. Although he "walks the Wan Li Road, which is more difficult than climbing to heaven", he has experienced the Three Gorges three times and sang the beauty of the Three Gorges. "Go to the Three Gorges in the Qingxi River at night, and miss you without seeing Yuzhou", "The mountains are clear and the water is smooth" and "Don't leave Bai Di in the clouds, and return to Jiangling in one day" are all well-known sayings. In 725 A.D., Li Bai left Shu for the canyon and stayed in Yiling (formerly known as Yichang). How long did you stay? The poem "Autumn at the Gate (namely Jingmen)" says: "When welcoming guests, the moon is 30% chord" has been answered. His poem "The mountain is flat and primitive, and the river winds in the wilderness" can be said to be the first time in history to vividly describe the scene in which the river flows out of the gorge and is surrounded by dangers. Besides Li Bai, Du Fu also has a poetic relationship with the Three Gorges. He lived in Kuizhou for nearly two years, and wrote more than 400 poems, such as The Highest Building in Baidicheng, Eight Arrays, Chanting for Historic Sites, Ascending the Mountain, and Autumn Prosperity, which can be regarded as a bumper harvest in creation. Where he lived in Kuizhou, there was a city god temple, and the site is still there. In the spring of 768 AD, Du Fu left the east of Kuizhou and arrived in Zhou Xia (formerly known as Yichang), where he was warmly received by local officials and hosted a banquet in the Jinting beside Xialaoxi. He wrote a poem "Banquet for Prime Minister Shi Jinting in Zhou Xia during the Spring Festival Evening" to commemorate it. He also visited the nearby mountains and rivers and wrote a poem "Tiger Tooth Walking", which vividly described the sinister situation of Tiger Tooth (in Yichang). In the 13th year of Tang Yuanhe (8 18), the poet Bai Juyi rose from Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) to Zhongzhou (now Zhongxian, Chongqing) as a secretariat, and went with his brother Bai Xingjian. It happened that Yuan Zhen, another poet and Bai Juyi's good friend, moved from Tongzhou (now Daxian County, Sichuan Province) to Zhouguo (now Lingbao, Henan Province) and left the gorge to the east. The three met in Yiling (formerly known as Yichang) in the 14th year of Yuanhe, and they took a boat trip to the river. When they went ashore to find a secluded place in Shanglao Creek, they found a strange cave between the rock walls, so they went into the cave to drink and catch up and stayed up all night. At the end of the speech, they assigned twenty rhymes to each ancient poem. In order to remember his story, Bai Juyi specially wrote "Preface to Three Visits to the Cave", and poems and articles were copied on the cave wall. This poem has been lost, and there is still a tablet in the cave engraved with the preface to the Three Visits to the Cave in the Ming Dynasty. Sanyou Cave got its name from this and became a tourist attraction for later generations. At the same time, Cha Sheng, a famous scholar in the Tang Dynasty, was not only the earliest tea expert in China, but also good at poetry, and wrote no less than fifty volumes in his life. He inspected the cultivation and water quality of tea trees and traveled all over the country. Zhou Xia (called Yichang in ancient times) is one of the hometowns of tea, and the banks of the Xiajiang River certainly left his footprints. He listed twenty kinds of water in the world as the top grade, and determined the toad spring in Xiling Gorge as the fourth grade, so toad spring is called the fourth spring in the world. It is also recognized that Xiangxi is fourteen products, so Xiangxi is also known as the fourteenth spring in the world. In his monograph Tea Classics, it is also recorded that there is a big tea tree in Bashan Gorge. Zhou Xia's tea also has a high evaluation: "Shannan is in Zhou Xia". In the third year of Song Jingyao, a generation of literati Ouyang Xiu was demoted to Yiling County. When he was a county magistrate here, he observed the people's feelings, taught the people to build tile houses, build city gates, and build a street between the north and the south as a city gate. He also used his own wonderful pen to describe the face and customs of the ancient city of the Northern Song Dynasty. "The mountains and rivers in Xiling are beautiful in the world, and people can draw pictures to boast" is from Ouyang Xiu's hand. During his one-year tenure, he left more than 50 poems (the first one), such as The Letter with Yin Shilu, The Story of Zhou Xiating, The Story of Sacrificing Huan, The Kung Fu of Huangyang Temple, Nine Poems of Yiling and so on. Many of these chapters are important materials for studying the history of Yichang today. Ouyang Xiu's personal inscription is still preserved on the rock wall of Sanyou Cave. In the Ming Dynasty, in order to commemorate this literary master, the "Liuyitang" was built in the east of Yiling City (now Yichang City), and the existing traces can be followed. In recent years, Yichang Cultural Department has built an antique building "Xizhi Pavilion" on the hill near Sanyou Cave, and erected a newly carved monument "Zhou Xia Xizhi Pavilion" in the pavilion. During the reign of Song Jiayou, Su Xun, a famous writer, and his sons Su Shi and Su Zhe went to their posts from their hometown Meizhou (now meishan county, Sichuan) to Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan). Passing through the Three Gorges, there are many carols about the scenery in the gorge. After arriving in Yiling (ancient name of Yichang), "Sansu" went to Sanyou Cave together. Every poem in the cave was written on the cave wall, so it was called "the last three tours". After crossing the Three Gorges, Su Shi still kept his poems about entering the gorge, leaving the gorge, the Hall of Happiness, Huangling Temple and Zhou Xia Ganquan. In addition, Huang Tingjian, a famous poet and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty, visited Sanyou Cave in Yichang three times during his relegation to Fuzhou (now Fuling, Sichuan) and Guizhou (now Pengshui, Sichuan), and made a preface for Sanyou Cave in the second year of Shaosheng and Jingnian. Unfortunately, the book "Preface to a Three-Tour Cave" has been lost, leaving only his handwriting on the cave wall. Huang Tingjian also left a precious "Western Mountain Monument" in Wanxian, Sichuan. The Story of Qiannan Road not only describes the romance of the Three Gorges, but also depicts the wonders of Sanyou Cave. Lu You, a famous patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, went to Sichuan and Shaanxi in middle age and experienced a period of military life. Here, he wrote the magnificent "Yiling No.1", and in his "Entering Shu", he vividly described the scenic spots of Yiling ancient city. In the sixth year of Xiaozong Daoism (1 170), he entered Shu and passed through the Three Gorges, writing many poems. When I visited Sanyou Cave, I took the clear spring water at the foot of the mountain to make tea. I thought it was very sweet, so I wrote a seven-rhythm poem to describe it. The poem praised: "It's not that the famous spring is not suitable for this taste." So he left the "Lu Youquan" scenic spot. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there was a strong reading atmosphere in the ancient city of Yichang. With the social stability, a number of scholars have emerged, such as Zhao Mian, Gu Jiaheng and Wang. In the city, Erya Academy and Mo Chi Bookstore have been built one after another, making the ancient Yichang a place that students in western Hubei yearn for. Most of the remaining blue-gray brick-wood buildings in Yichang were built during this period. Although most of these ancient Yichang families are only broken walls, the cornices in those years are still simple and elegant. At that time, people called every such house "Chaomen". A house has five or six doorways facing the gate, and the carvings on the beams and columns of each door are very particular. There are many stone benches and drums on both sides of the door. Streets and alleys are covered with neat green slates, which makes the whole streets and alleys look very deep and quiet. Thus formed the architectural characteristics of Yichang ancient house. Due to its unique geographical location, Yichang has always been a battleground for military strategists.

In the long ancient city of more than 20 centuries, it is famous for its special geographical position of "the throat of Sichuan and Hubei", "the three thousand roads of Shu and the first line of Xialu", and it is a battleground for military strategists. The mighty and epic wars that have happened here again and again have made its town history inseparable from the war-torn soldiers and disasters:

Bai Qi Shao Yi

In the 21st year of King Xiang of Qing Dynasty (278 BC), General Qin set out to attack Chu, pull out Ying and burn Yiling, and the name of Yiling first appeared in historical records.

Zhao Zilong Dui Changbanpo

Zhao Yun, a brave general in a white robe, is one of the five generals in Shu and Han Dynasties.

He is brave and good at fighting, and has repeatedly made outstanding achievements, which is well-known in China.

When Liu Bei and others were chased by Cao Jun and fled to Changbanpo (dangyang city), Liu Bei's wife and children were lost and many soldiers were killed or injured. Zhao Zilong single-handedly into the tight encirclement, conflict with people, seven in seven out. Like nobody's business, he killed many Cao Junbing and rescued many Liu Bei's advisers and soldiers, as well as Liu Bei's adopted wife and his son Dou, who just turned one year old.

Zhang Fei is playing drums in Sanyou Cave to monitor the war.

Zhang Fei is a warrior of Shu Han and the third brother of Liu Bei's three sworn brothers in Taoyuan.

In the 13th year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao led more than 200,000 troops to capture Jingxiang. Liu Bei led the remaining troops to Dangyang (dangyang city), and Cao Jun pursued Nagsaka.

After Zhang Fei broke his 20-year-old horse, he broke the bridge by water and rushed to the horse. His eyes were wide open and his roar thundered, which made Cao Jun afraid to approach, and Liu Bei and others were able to escape safely.

Zhuge Liang Huangling Temple Inscription

Zhuge Liang, as the embodiment of wisdom, helped Liu Bei capture Sichuan, crossed the Three Gorges and left many relics and legends:

In front of Huangling Temple (in Yichang) at the foot of Huangniu Mountain, there is a monument to Huangling Temple, which was inscribed by Zhuge Liang and called Wuhou Monument.

Legend has it that when Zhuge Liang entered Shu, he hid the art of war sword in the gorge, hence the name Excalibur Gorge (in Yichang).

On the rock wall of the martial arts, there is also a so-called "Kongming Monument" for people to mourn;

On the Fengjie river beach, it is also said that Zhuge Liang once put an eight-array map here to trap Lu Xun, and there are still relics.

Guan Yu Yichang city point army

In Yichang area, there are more traces of Guan Yu's activities.

This famous scholar of Shu and Han often read Spring and Autumn Annals by candlelight, which was regarded as one of the "passes" in Qing Dynasty, and related temples were built all over the country.

However, this proud general, from "a sublime China", finally got the tragic ending of "Lost Wheat City".

In the 19th year of Jian 'an, Liu Beixi decided Yizhou and worshipped Yudong as Governor of Jingzhou. It was probably during this period that he came to Yiling (the ancient city of Yichang) to inspect the military horses.

At present, the military slope on the south bank of the great river in Yichang City is said to be the place where Guan Yu transferred troops in those days. The existing stone tablet "The place where Hou Ting transferred troops in Hanshou" was erected by Luo Yishen, the general of Yichang in the 11th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty.

Locked in Ma Po and defeated.

In the twenty-fourth year of Jian 'an, Guan Yu attacked Coss in Fancheng, flooded seven armies, and Wei was forbidden to surrender, which shocked China.

Don't want to Wu Jun sneak attack on Jingzhou, let guan yu between Scylla and Charybdis. Lost Jingzhou, fled to Maicheng (Yichang) after the defeat. Later, he and his son Guan Ping tried to break through Luohanyugou and return to Shu Han.

When Guan Yu and his men broke through and fled to Linshu (dangyang city), they came to a fork in the road of Luohanyu, where they found that Wu Bing had set an ambush. He was about to go back to his horse to find his way, but it was too late! ! !

The red hare tripped over Wu Bing's rope, and Guan Yu gave in easily. Back to Ma Po, hence the name.

Guan Yu's loyalty propaganda and his tragic experience had a great influence on the people.

According to legend, after he was killed, the ghost wandered to Yuquan Mountain (dangyang city), shouting "Give me my head back", and building a house in Yuquan Mountain was enlightened by Master Putin. Up to now, there is a stone tablet of "Guan Yunchang Sage" in Yuquan Mountain, and yuquan temple is becoming more and more popular.

In today's Dangyang City, there are still magnificent GUANLING, the tomb of Guan Yu Department in Zhou Cang, Maicheng ruins and so on.

Changyang county also has some legendary relics of Guan Yu, such as how to soldier and Ma Huixi.

The Battle of Yiling in Shu and Wu

Liu Bei, known as lean, became emperor in Chengdu after pacifying Sichuan, and was the ancestor of Shu Han.

Wu Jun attacked Jingzhou, and his second brother Guan Yu was killed by Wu Jun in Linzhou (Yichang). He vowed to avenge Guan Yu, so he sent troops down the river in the first year of Zhangwu and took Zigui (Yichang) first. According to legend, Zigui was built by Liu Bei when he was in Wu Dong.

The Shu army marched eastward, divided its forces around Yiling (the ancient city of Yichang), and the main force reached a pavilion, rejecting Wu Bing.

By the following summer, the Shu army was exhausted and finally defeated by Lu Xun and fled to Sichuan.

In the third year of Zhangwu, Liu Bei died of illness in Baidicheng.

This period of history has evolved into a series of stories about Liu Bei and war relics, such as Bai Di's Burning the Camp, Burning Armor, Broken Road and Entrusting Orphans.