1993 "Annals of Anhua County" records: "Since 1980, there have been 34 modern cultural sites and 3 primitive cultural sites in the county ... Today, the primitive cultural site of Honghuoxi, located in Sangqing Village, Xiaoyan, has preserved knives, knives, stone chips, stone cores and other relics. They are all paleolithic tools made of gravel, and the archaeology in Hunan Province has been studied. (See Annals of Anhua County. Cultural Relics was published by China Social Science Literature Publishing House in 1993, p. 53 1. In addition, there are cultural sites in Chengbuping, Dongping Town and Yintian Village, Dafu Town, which are about 600 years ago and are the same as Longshan culture. These cultural sites are far from the banks of Zishui or its tributaries.
The geographical features and cultural relics of Meishan show that the primitive people who lived in Meishan area since10.5 million years ago all moved in from other places. Anthropology's "one-ancestor theory" on the origin of human beings holds that human beings all over the world originated from an ancient anthropoid ape. Archaeological studies have proved that in the early Pleistocene 2.5 million years ago, human beings originated in Asia and Africa, and in Asia they originated along the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. The human ancestor, the anthropoid ape, appeared as early as 45 million years ago (Hunan Daily reported the archaeological discovery in Zhaili Village, Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province on April 4 after 1994: "The anthropoid ape began in 6500 years. However, the landforms seen so far in Meishan ancient land simply do not have the conditions for the survival of apes. Therefore, the primitive people who appeared in Meishan 6.5438+0.5 million years ago moved in from other places.
However, they are difficult to migrate. Entering Meishan by land, the mountains are high and dense, and there is no way to pass. When entering Meishan from Zishui and its tributaries, it is necessary to bypass the cliff and wade through turbulence. Move forward. You can't achieve your goal without perseverance and extraordinary luck. Therefore, the changes and special geographical conditions of Meishan have created the history of Meishan's late development, vast territory and sparse population, and also created the indomitable and indomitable character of Meishan people. Shang, Zhou, Qin and Han Dynasties (65438 BC+0700 AD-220 AD) lasted about 2000 years. It is the development stage of Meishan history.
Xiyue people are the founders of Meishan culture.
Meishan was named by Mei Juan in the early Han Dynasty.
Meishan people and Han people are one language.
Before the Shang Dynasty reached the early Han Dynasty, Meishan introduced many Chu and Yue people. They brought the advanced production technology at that time. Especially metallurgy and metallurgical technology. The fishing, hunting and agriculture in Meishan have developed rapidly.
During the Anti-Japanese War, "A bronze wine vessel unearthed in Gaoming, Anhua, is a cultural relic of Shang Dynasty" (annals of Anhua County 1993, P.53 1) is the proof that the Central Plains culture entered Meishan. 1986, Anhua Jiangnan Town was listed as a cultural site of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. There are pottery, stone tools, bronzes and iron. "According to archaeological experts' research, this is a typical village site in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty", or it can be proved that "at least 3000 years ago, the local indigenous peoples and Chu people had exchanges and blends" (Yiyang Cultural Management Institute Yao quoted several summaries of early archaeological cultures in Anhua) and explained that iron was used at that time. Development of shipbuilding technology. Zijiang officially became a waterway. "When the general of the Eastern Han Dynasty recruited Wuyi (in Chenxi and Yuanling), he led his troops to go up the Zijiang River by boat", "stop for a while and then go west" in Dongping, and "abandon the boat and cross Yuan" in the city 30 kilometers away from Dongping (now submerged by Zhexi Reservoir). (65438+) Meishan's metallurgical forging technology has been widely used in life. In the early 1980s. Luo Qixiang, a villager from lizhuang village, Lilin Township, Anhua County, set up a building base in the forest of Yanjiaduan. A blue brick tomb with no coffin was excavated. But there are many nails to nail the coffin lid. Experts identified these blue bricks and nails as relics of the Han Dynasty. Commerce has also developed from primitive exchange to the use of coins. 1April, 984, more than 30 kilograms of ancient coins were unearthed in Dabuxi (north bank of Zishui) in Zhexi Township, including Lv Hou Banwen in the early Han Dynasty, Wuzhu in the Western Han Dynasty and Wangmang Huohuan. (See 1993 "Annals of Anhua County". Historical relics of county administration "P.53 1)
Meishan people moved from one place to another. They are all creators of Meishan history, but they are not interested in the development of Meishan history. It played a decisive role in the formation of Meishan culture later. It was the Yue people who entered Meishan in the early Han Dynasty.
During the Warring States period, the sphere of influence of Chu extended from north to south. In Historical Records, there is a record about Lai Yue of Chu: "When he attacked and defeated him, he was unable to kill the king, so he took Wu to Zhejiang, and the more he dispersed, the clans fought for the position, or the king, and he worked for the Chu Dynasty on the coast of the south of the Yangtze River." (1988 Yue Yuelu Bookstore's Historical Records: Goujian Family, p. 439) "The so-called Jiangnan" generally refers to the Jiangnan part of Hubei and the Hunan-Jiangxi area during the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period and the Qin and Han Dynasties. (1985, abridged edition of Ci Hai by Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, p. 889) 1982, the revised edition of Ci Yuan published by the Commercial Press, mentioned the word "Xiyue": "Six descendants of Gou Jian were defeated by Chu, and scholars scattered in the sea, and the author was Dongyue. Xiang, Xiangjiang River, refers to Hunan described in Ci Yuan and kissed in historical records. It can be seen that at the end of the Warring States period, many Xiyue people settled here in most parts of Hunan. Some Vietnamese troops who lost their affiliation went to Meishan. Anhua "Bronzes such as bronze spears, swords and halberds unearthed in Zhoumei Village, Dongshan Township". It was a weapon used by the Vietnamese during the Warring States period. " (See 1993 "Annals of Anhua County". Cultural relics "P.53 1), these weapons can only be carried by them.
After Qin unified the world, the world was divided into 36 counties, and Yiyang belonged to Changsha County. At this time, Meishan is Yiyang's territory. Qin Wei, the world rebelled, Poyang, Jiangxi Province, ordered Wu Rui to "lead Vietnam to send troops in response to the governors. Pei Gong attacked Nanyang, but met General Rui Mei Juan. With Kai and Li, Xiang Yu was the king, and with Rui, he led hundreds of princes into the customs. So Li Rui is the king of Hengyang, and he is the capital of Huanggang, Hubei. Its general Mei Juan has done a lot of work. Seal100000 households. Fierce Hou. " (1983 biography of Wu Rui in Han Dynasty by Zhonghua Book Company, p. 1895) At that time, the world was undecided, and Xiang Yu named Mei Juan as 100,000 marquis, which was just a blank check. Mei Juan does not own100000 fief. Later, Chu and Han contended and Chu was defeated. "When Xiang Yu died, he made contributions to Juan (Liu Bang) and entered Wuguan, so Derui moved Changsha to be the king, all in Hunan (now Changsha)", (1983, Han Shu Wu Ruichuan by Zhonghua Book Company, p. 1895), at this time Mei Juan followed Wu Rui. According to Chu Zhi, this matter was recorded in Anhua County Records of Tongzhi of Qing Dynasty. "Wu Rui is a subordinate of Changsha Wang Meijuan and lives in Yiyang. His surname is Meishan, which is now Anhua County. " There are also records in Guangxu's Hunan Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, which can confirm each other: "Meishan is in Nanwuli, Xinhua County, and one is in Meishan, where Mei Juan lived in Han Dynasty." There is no merlin in Anhua Xinhua today, and there is no record of merlin before Ming Dynasty. The source of Meishan's naming should be the credibility of Tongzhi Anhua County Records.
After Mei Juan led her men to Meishan, they lived in peace with the local aborigines and gradually merged. Meishan aborigines moved to Jiangnan from the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. There is no obvious national characteristics in the early history. During the Three Dynasties, they were descendants of the Central Plains ethnic group, represented by the northern and southern ethnic groups of Emperor Yanhuang. Later, it should belong to the so-called Han nationality, and the Yue people are descendants of the Yellow Emperor (Yuelu Bookstore 1988 edition of Historical Records of the Goujian Family of Yue King, p. 345), and their culture is the same as that of China. Therefore, Meishan culture is the foundation and culture of the Han nationality. Up to now, there are still a large number of ancient Chinese characters in Meishan dialect used by Xinhua people in Anhua, such as the new rice cooker called Ding and the vegetable pot called Iron Pot. Anhua's "Zhu" and "Du" are both pronounced as dou, "Speaking with Hong Kong" is homophonic, and both pronounced as gang "Jiang" and "Gang" are homophonic, and both pronounce Gang. These are archaic sounds in Chinese characters. "Ye" and "Ya" are homonyms, both of which pronounce elegant sounds, such as "Ru", "Ri" (pre -I), "Xian Hui" and "Salt Taste", and the homophones of "Ye Wei" and "Gan" and "Guan" all pronounce mandarin, which is the same as that of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Vietnam. "Spicy" and "fierce" are homophonic, both pronounced as lie, which is similar to Cantonese. All these indicate that Meishan dialect belongs to the Chinese system, mixed with Cantonese pronunciation. 1. The word "Mo Yi" appeared between Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Southern and Northern Dynasties in Liang Shu. Biography of Liang Shu Zhang You: "In Datong, Liang Wudi, Zhang You was once the capital of Hunan, Guangxi and Dongning. Xiangzhou (Changsha) Secretariat ... Some people are stubborn. Living by the mountain is at stake. Calendar politics does not entertain guests. So it is directional. " Liang was founded in 502 AD. Both of them were in Jiankang (now Nanjing). In 544 AD, Datong fell, and Zhang Jian was appointed as the secretariat of Xiangzhou. The author wants to highlight Zhang Jian's contribution to the enlightenment of Momi. Therefore, Mo Yi's ruling experience in the past few years is used for comparison. This "politician" may be an official of Liang. It could be qi's lawyer. It can be seen that Medog appeared around 500 AD, between Qi and Liang Dynasties.
Later, Geography of Sui Shu once again proposed to Motuo: "The name of Changsha Jun is Motuo (a disparaging name for ethnic minorities). Because of his ancestors' meritorious deeds, he was often exempted from corvee, so he thought it was named, but he wore a white cloth trousers and a towel. It's a women's blue shirt. Bambu skirt has no shoes. Iron-cobalt (large iron pot) marriage does not hire money. Wuling (Changde), Baling (Yueyang), Lingling, Guiyang, Liyang and Hengshan Xiping (Guangzhou) are all like this. " (1973 Zhonghua Book Company "Sui Shu. Geographical Table, p. 898) Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Song of Mo Yao" when he was a secretariat in Wuling: "Mo Yao grew up with no name. This city is easy to mix with Jiao Ren, and marriage is a wooden guest. The stars occupy the eyes of spring, and the fire opens the mountains. Crossing the valley of thousands of people at night, the sand and stones are tilted. " (1995 "Complete Tang Poetry" by International Culture Publishing House. Song Liu's Simao P. 1 14 1)
Based on the above three materials. You can make such a judgment; Mo Yan, a descendant of Xiyue who fought against Qin together with Wu Rui, made great contributions. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the descendants of the Yue people in Meishan were part of Momi. There are four reasons:
First of all, the area where Mo Yi is located is where the West Vietnamese live.
Second, when Mo Yi went to his ancestors' home to make meritorious service, he often avoided corvee. This is consistent with the fact that the West Vietnamese and Wu Rui rose together to overthrow the Qin Dynasty.
Third, live by the mountain. Slash-and-burn, there were no households recognized by the government at that time. This name is not registered. It is the common feature of Meishan Momi and other Momi.
Fourth, Meishan people contributed to Qin together with Mei Juan. They are most qualified to be Mommie's ancestors.
By the way, it is a different concept from Yao now. At present, the ancestor of Yao nationality in China is Pan Human. That is to say, a nation with Pan Hu as its totem, some people of modern She, Yao and Miao still retain the legend of Pan Hu belief (China Youth Publishing House, Common Sense of China Minorities).
The corvee system originated very early. There are provisions in the Book of Rites about the marriage of corvees in the Zhou Dynasty. After Qin and Han Dynasties. Many names. Strict methods have become a system of cruel oppression of the people. West Vietnam participated in overthrowing the Qin Dynasty. The rulers of the Han Dynasty exempted them from corvee, but the Wei and Jin Dynasties after the Han Dynasty and the Song and Qi Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties would not recognize their merits. So the burden fell on them again. In order to get rid of the heavy pressure, the Xiyue people declared themselves ancestors. Mo Yao, who refused to accept the corvee, confronted the government in action. Refuse to accept expropriation. There is a sharp class contradiction between the litigious governments and "Mo Yi". This is the case with Liang Shu's "politics does not entertain guests".
Meishan belongs to Yiyang, of course, in this fierce class struggle. "Mo Yao" outside Meishan is struggling with its rulers. Some people were killed and some people were driven to remote mountainous areas. Only Meishan is the branch. Because of the dangerous terrain of Meishan. Defense is easier than attack. The ruling clique is beyond its reach. So it has not been weakened. This is the historical background of the rise and separatist regime of Meishan Ren Yao after the late Tang Dynasty.