(1) Dandong Hushan Great Wall One of the nine towns of Ming Great Wall is Liaodong Town. Liaodong Town is the easternmost of the nine towns. According to historical records: "Liaodong town stretches for more than a thousand miles, with Hu in the north, North Korea in the south and Fuyu in the east. This is really a magical place. " Liaodong region belonged to Yan State during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. When Yan Zhaowang built the Yanbei Great Wall, its eastern end began in Liaodong.
Dandong is located in the southeast of Liaodong Peninsula, bordering Changbai Mountain in the north, the Yellow Sea in the south and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea across the Yalu River in the east.
According to historical records, the Yan Great Wall, Qin Changcheng Great Wall and Han Great Wall were all built in Dandong during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, while the Ming Great Wall was built in Dandong in the fourth year of Chenghua (1468). According to "Andong County Records", "The old side wall is 40 miles northeast of the residence, and the north bank of Weihe River meets Kuandian. The mountains are endless and full of defense. " There are still different opinions about the starting point of the eastern end of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty, but no matter which view, the starting point of the easternmost end should be in Dandong. At present, there is a restoration site of Hushan Great Wall in the suburb of Dandong 15km.
Dandong is a city with a long history. The Yalu River is separated from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea only by water. It is the easternmost border city of the Great Wall in Wan Li, China. In 1950s, Dandong was called the Hero City to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. It means "valiant, striding across the Yalu River ..." The historic Yalu River Bridge and the Memorial Hall to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea have become the symbols of this city. As early as 1894, the Sino-Japanese War broke out in the Yellow Sea not far from Dandong, where the famous national hero Deng Shichang and his warships were martyred. Now Dandong is a brand-new border tourist city, attracting guests from all directions.
(2) Badaling Great Wall The Badaling Great Wall is located in the northwest of Beijing, about 70 kilometers away from the urban area. Badaling is the outer gate of Juyongguan, located in the north of Juyongguan, also known as the north gate, opposite to the south gate, and is the gateway of Juyongguan. Badaling has a dangerous terrain, with two mountains sandwiched in the middle and a path in the middle, overlooking Juyongguan and Beijing. There are two closed gates in Badaling Guancheng. It is called Juyongguan Town in the east and the North Gate Lock Key in the west. It was built in the 18th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1505).
Badaling is one of the main peaks in Du Jun, with an altitude of 1, 015m. Badaling is called because it connects Nantong, Changping and Beijing in the south, Yanqing in the north and Shacheng, Xuanhua and Zhangjiakou in the west, and the roads extend in all directions. Due to the dangerous terrain of Badaling, it is known as "the danger of Juyong country is not in Guancheng (Juyongguan) but in Badaling".
Badaling Great Wall is built along the mountains on the north and south sides from the platform of "North Gate Lock Key" Guanmencheng, with a total length of more than 4,700 meters, reaching 7 in the south and 0/2 in the north. The city walls vary in height and width, with an average height of 7.8 meters, a bottom width of 6.5 meters and a top width of 5.7 meters. The walls are made of huge granite slats and large city bricks. The city can accommodate 5 horses or 10 soldiers in parallel. The inner side of the wall top is a building wall, and the outer side is a crib wall. There is a crib opening above the crib wall and a shooting hole below. Set an enemy tower at a distance of about 250 ~ 500 meters. After the founding of New China, 1953 restored Guancheng and some city walls, and opened it as a tourist area. 1984, under the sponsorship of the social activity "Love my China, Build My Great Wall", the Badaling Great Wall restored the wall between the North 7 and the North 10 platform, with its highest point at an altitude of 887.5 meters.
(3) Mutianyu Great Wall Mutianyu Great Wall is located in Mutianyu, Sanduhe Township, Huairou District, Beijing, more than 50 kilometers away from Beijing. According to historical records, Mutianyu Great Wall was built in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, more than 400 years ago/kloc-0. It was restored in the Tang Dynasty and is now preserved by the Ming Dynasty. It is the best preserved section of the Great Wall in Wan Li. The total length of the Great Wall is 2250 meters, with 17 enemy platforms, with an altitude of 535 meters. The wall is about 6 meters wide at the bottom, 4 meters wide at the top and 8 meters high. Most of the walls inside and outside are made of brown or cyan granite strips. There are brick walls inside and outside. At the top of the city wall, there is a fortress made of mud and stone outside the road. The battery is not far from the enemy platform. There are two kinds of enemy platforms, one is hollow, called enemy tower, which is divided into upper and lower floors for foot soldiers to board ships and store weapons; The other is solid, which is the enemy station.
The architectural form of Mutianyu Great Wall is different from Badaling and Shanhaiguan. The entrance consists of three hollow platforms, the central platform is hollow and the platforms on both sides are solid. Its unique shape is very rare in the architectural form of the Great Wall.
Mutianyu Great Wall was rebuilt from 1982 to 1984, and now it has become the second Great Wall tourist area in Beijing. There are three pedestrian trails from the parking lot to the Great Wall, and there is a cable car to the top of the mountain.
(4) Gubeikou Great Wall Gubeikou is located 60 kilometers northeast of Miyun District, Beijing. Tidal rivers pass through the territory, with Panlong Mountain in the east and Wohu Mountain in the west. It is an important military place in ancient times, and it is also called the four major dangerous passes with Lin Yu, Songting and Juyongguan. The Great Wall is built on the mountain. 1980, the Great Wall expedition organized by the state discovered dozens of miles of the Great Wall here. The Great Wall is well preserved and magnificent.
Gubeikou Great Wall, according to historical records, 1500 years ago, the Great Wall from Xihe River (now Yulin River in Shaanxi Province) to Shanhaiguan passed through here, but there were not many relics of the Great Wall built in Northern Qi Dynasty. The ancient Great Wall that is now preserved was built in the Ming Dynasty. After the Ming Dynasty overthrew the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang sent general Xu Da to build the Great Wall defense line around Juyongguan, Gubeikou and xifengkou, and named Judy as the Prince in Beijing. In order to strengthen the management of the Great Wall defense line, Qi Jiguang, an anti-Japanese star, was appointed as the company commander of Jiyun Town, and the 600-kilometer Great Wall under the jurisdiction of Jiyun Town became a solid defense line with the painstaking efforts of Qi Jiguang. "Miyun County Records" records: "The capital controls the northern frontier fortress, with Songting, Gubeikou and Juyongguan as the main points, and Gubei as the quiet rush." This shows the importance of Gubeikou.
Yang Ye Temple, a famous scholar in Song Dynasty, was built on the south slope of Gubeikou. Although the shrine is small, it is well known. According to records, Xu Da rebuilt the temple in Ming Dynasty, and it is speculated that Yangye Temple was built in Liao Dynasty. Here is a record of Su Dongpo's younger brother Su Zhe's seven-metrical poem "Invincible Words of Yang" when he crossed Gubeikou:
The temple is lonely and closed, and weeds are like avoiding blood stains.
The defeat in poverty is not a war crime, and Dagang is afraid of what others say.
Driving was originally used in the central plains, and often enjoying it can make foreign countries respect.
I want to be more hidden than Zhou Zi, and chat with him to comfort my loyal soul.
Gubeikou is an important tourist spot on the tourist route from Beijing to chengde mountain resort. South of Gubeikou is the famous Miyun Reservoir, which is also an important tourist attraction in Beijing.
(5) Jinshanling Great Wall With the continuous development of tourism in China since 1980s, Jinshanling Great Wall has become another important member of the developed Great Wall family. Jinshanling Great Wall is located at the junction of Miyun District in Beijing and Luanping County in Hebei Province. It is the eastern section of Gubeikou Great Wall, about 7.5 kilometers away from Gubeikou Great Wall. The Great Wall was named Jinshanling Great Wall because it was built on Dahe Xiaojin Mountain. It starts from wangjinglou in the east and reaches Gubeikou in the west, with a total length of about15km. There are more than 65,438+040 enemy towers and platforms. Therefore, the complex terrain and dense enemy towers are a major feature of this section of the Great Wall. The construction of enemy towers can be divided into three-eye, four-eye and five-eye buildings according to the number of arrow windows; According to its roof form, it can be divided into flat roof, two-slope roof, dome roof, four-corner drill spire and octagonal caisson top floor. Unique shape, different shapes. The wall of Jinshanling Great Wall is made of blue bricks based on stones, with square bricks at the top and stacked walls outside.
Climbing the Jinshanling Great Wall, looking eastward, there is a mountain rising from the ground, and there is an enemy tower at the top of it, which is called "wangjinglou". It is said that when you climb wangjinglou, you can see Beijing from a distance when the weather is fine.
A pass of the Jinshanling Great Wall is called Sima Taiguan. Simatai Great Wall is also a major attraction of Jinshanling Great Wall.
(6) Huangyaguan Huangyaguan is located in Jixian County, Tianjin, 25 kilometers away from Jixian County, and the north of Huangyaguan is Xinglong County, Hebei Province. Huangyaguan was built in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty. East of Guancheng, the cliff is steep, the rocks are brown, and the sunset is all over the mountain wall. The scenery is unique, so it is named Huangyaguan, which is one of the eight scenic spots in Jizhou. Huangyaguan is an important pass of the Great Wall in Zhen Ji Town, and the situation is extremely dangerous.
Huangyaguan City is an irregular rectangle, built with the terrain. The length of the city is less than 270 meters from north to south and less than 200 meters from east to west. The Great Wall was built on both sides of Guancheng from the east and west, and formed a complete defense system. The layout of Huangyaguan City is very unique. It is said that it is designed according to the shape of "Eight Diagrams Array", and the stem is T-shaped. Although the Great Wall is not long, its structure is diverse, including brick wall, stone wall, stone wall, dangerous wall and cracked wall, which provides important physical data for studying the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty.
As an important cultural relic protection unit in Tianjin, Huangyaguan Great Wall has always been concerned by all parties. The restored Huangyaguan Great Wall basically restored the face of the Ming Dynasty.
(7) Shanhaiguan Shanhaiguan is located in the northeast of Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province, 0/5 km away from Qinhuangdao/KLOC. Shanhaiguan is an important pass in the eastern part of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty, which is surrounded by mountains and seas. Some people describe Shanhaiguan as "the lock and key of the two capitals are unparalleled, and the Great Wall of Wan Li is the first pass", which just illustrates the dangers of this pass. Therefore, Shanhaiguan has the reputation of "the first pass in the world".
Shanhaiguan has a long history. According to historical records, it belonged to solitary bamboo as early as Shang Dynasty. Zhou is a swallow; Qin is a county in western Liaoning. In the 14th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (138 1), General Xu Da established Guancheng and set up a health care center, which was called Shanhaiguan. Shanhaiguan is known as a military fortress because of its dangerous terrain. It has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times. Shanhaiguan is located on the west side of Liaoxi Straight Corridor, which is the hub of North China radiating to Northeast China. It is a natural moat with Yanshan Mountain in the north, Bohai Sea in the south, mountains in the east and Shihe River in the west. "Jifu Tongzhi" said Shanhaiguan: "The pillow of the Great Wall protects Yanji, which is the capital of Pinghan, and holds Xiongguan, which is the left throat of Liao." There have been many wars here in history. We often say that the Qing army entered the Central Plains from Shanhaiguan, thus replacing the Ming Dynasty. 1922, the warlords on the west bank of Shihe River scuffled, 1924, the Waiguanjiafen and Jiangnv Temple in Shanhaiguan fought again. In China's modern history, Japanese imperialism invaded Shanhaiguan in 1933, taking Shanhaiguan as the gateway of Manchukuo, the puppet regime in Northeast China, and as the outpost of invading North China.
The Guancheng of Shanhaiguan is square, with a circumference of 4 kilometers. It has four gates: East, West, South and North. The east gate is the town east (the first gate in the world), the west gate is Ying 'en, the south gate is Wang Yang, and the north gate is Weiyuan. There are things at the east and west ends of Guancheng. Los Angeles is avant-garde. From the east gate of Guancheng, it extends to the south and dives into the sea, and extends to the Yanshan Mountains to the north.
The tower of the first pass in the world (the east gate of the town) is 13.7 meters high, and the tower is 1 1.75 meters high. The tower rests on the top of the mountain with two double eaves, and its four corners are ridged, decorated with lifelike ridged beasts. There are 68 arrow windows in the east, south and north of the tower. Hanging in the middle of the eaves on both sides is the plaque inscribed by Xiao Xian, a calligrapher in Ming Dynasty, which is vigorous and powerful. The plaque hanging now is a replica, and the original plaque is now hidden in the tower.
Extending 8 miles from the east gate of Shanhaiguan to the south is the old dragon head, where the Great Wall enters the sea. Chenghai Building is built on the old faucet.