1. Food folklore \x0d\ Manchu treasure. Manchu people like sticky food. \x0d\ Because sticky food is hungry, it is convenient to go out for hunting \x0d\ and activities. Among them, the most distinctive thing is to make all kinds of exquisite \x0d\ snacks with unique flavor, collectively called \x0d\ as "Manchu treasures", so it is called "Manchu \ x0d dishes". Manchu land has a long history, the most representative of which is "chestnut noodle nest \x0d\ head", also known as Xiaowotou. \x0d\ Before the Manchu entered the customs, there was a banquet called \ Bobo Mat \x0d\, and each table used 80 Jin of flour. It can be seen that the flour used in \x0d\ was mostly sticky noodles, so \x0d\ was mainly glutinous rice or yellow rice, mixed with a proper amount of other rice dregs, and then stuffed with red bean paste \x0d\, nuts and glutinous rice. The main varieties \x0d\ are Saqima, mung bean cake, Suye cake, pea \x0d\ bean paste, beef tongue cake, big cake, fried cake, \x0d\ sticky bean bag, etc. Every winter, Manchu families usually cook several pots of sticky bean buns, freeze them \x0d\ carry them with them. Now, in the winter market in Shenyang, you can often hear the \x0d\ selling sound of sticky bean buns. \x0d\ food. Manchu people especially like to eat pork and sauerkraut, and there are many cooking methods. Featured dishes include meat ceremony, white meat, sauerkraut and blood sausage, hot pot, sour soup and so on. \x0d\ In case of festive events or sacrifices, a meat eating ceremony should be held. There are eight people at a table. During the dinner, the host "x0d" served about 10 Jin of pork and prepared gravy. Instead of chopsticks, the guests cut the meat into pieces or slices with their own knives, and "x0d" dipped in gravy to eat the meat and took turns holding bowls to drink. \x0d\ generous. \x0d\ white meat and blood sausage is a main course for Manchu people to entertain relatives and friends. Pork belly, cut into thin slices, put it in a pot with finely cut sauerkraut, and then \x0d\ put it in the well-served, cooked and cut into small pieces. This dish is fragrant but not greasy. \x0d\ It has high nutritional value. Now that restaurant in Shenyang, the meat is white and bloody, and the flavor is unparalleled, which is deeply loved by consumers. Hot pot is the most typical Manchu diet. \x0d\ This diet is closely related to the hunting methods of Manchu people in those days, so \x0d\, whether it is the original Manchu hot pot or the \x0d\ modern fire \x0d\ pot that can be seen everywhere in China today, will make people think of \ scratching \x0d\ forest bonfires. It can be said that Manchu hot pot \x0d\ is the ancestor of hot pot that is popular all over the country now. In addition to \x0d\ chrysanthemum hotpot, there are also well-known assorted \x0d\ hotpot and Sam Sun hotpot. \x0d\ Sour soup is a traditional Manchu food. After the new grain matures in autumn, almost every family in the countryside soaks sour soup. Put \x0d\ whole new corn into a vat for fermentation, then rinse it with clear water to remove the sour taste, grind it into water, and filter \x0d\ to remove the dregs and skins to get noodle soup. When eating \x0d\, boil water in a pot, put a special soup cover \x0d\ on the thumb of your left hand, hold a ball of noodle soup in your left hand and squeeze it with your right hand. Boil the squeezed soup strips directly in the pot, and then \x0d\ mix them with meat sauce, egg sauce or chopped green onion sauce. \x0d\\x0d\2。 Hairstyles and clothes \x0d\( 1) Hairstyles. The hairstyle of Manchu people inherited the custom that Jin \x0d\ replaced Nuzhen. Men's hair style is half-shaved and half-left, that is, shaved before and left behind, with the left head braided and hung behind the head. There are all kinds of decorations on the braid, and its status and identity can be basically judged from the decoration. Legend has it that this hairstyle \x0d\ is related to the production mode of jurchen riding and shooting, and \x0d\ is mainly to prevent the front hair from blocking the line of sight and affecting hunting and shooting wild animals. In the sixties and seventies, little boys in rural areas of Han nationality had the custom of leaving pigtails at the back of their heads in order to raise them well. This is "x0d" influenced by Manchu customs. \x0d\ Manchu women cherish their hair very much, and they are also very particular about hairstyles. Manchu women's custom of "braiding their hair into a bun" also comes from the heritage of Jurchen. \x0d\ "two heads \" is the most representative hairstyle of Manchu women, that is, the hair is tied at the top of the head and divided into two locks, forming a horizontal long hair \x0d\ bun, and the high bun is the most popular; Then make the rest of the back into a "dovetail" long flat bun \x0d\ and press it on the back collar to straighten the neck. Manchu women dressed in cheongsam and high-heeled flag shoes look elegant, which fully embodies the nobility and elegance of Manchu women. \x0d\ In the middle of Qing Dynasty, Manchu aristocratic women began to hold \x0d\ flags, also known as \ flag board \ pull \x0d wings, which took the bun on the top of their heads as the seat and put the flag head on it. The flag head is similar to what we saw on the stage. It is a flat crown supported by an iron frame, covered with blue velvet or green satin, decorated with various pearls and jewels on the front and tassels on the side. It can be said that \x0d\ is swaying when moving, and harmonious when quiet. The flag head developed from the "two heads" and became popular only after entering the customs. So people also call it \ Da \x0d\ Beijing style ". \ x0d \ x0d \ (2) clothing. Manchu costumes are the national costumes that have the greatest influence on modern costumes in China. Cheongsam, vest and mandarin jacket are still the favorite costumes of people of all ethnic groups because of their unique charm. "x0d" cheongsam means "Yi Jie" in Manchu, which means "x0d", and it is the most distinctive costume of Manchu. Men's cheongsam has no collar or a round neck; Twist lapels and narrow sleeves, also known as arrow sleeves or horseshoe sleeves; Buckle, lower two sides or four sides slit, \x0d\ strap. Arrow sleeves or horseshoe sleeves are usually rolled up and put down to cover the back of the hand to keep out the cold when hunting or fighting in winter, which later became a prescribed action in Qing etiquette. X0d was opened for the convenience of getting on and off the horse, and later became the symbol of \x0d\ grading: imperial clan opened four times, officials opened two times \x0d\ and there was another kind of casual clothes, the hem of which could not be opened, which was commonly known as "a round wrap". It is necessary for Manchu men to wear a belt. There are various decorative items hanging on the belt, such as Yu Pei \x0d\ sachet. \x0d\ mandarin jacket is a coat to be worn immediately. It \x0d\ is no longer than the waist, and it has slits on all sides, so it can cover the robe \x0d\ to keep out the cold. At first, only the soldiers of the Eight Banners wore it. In the late Yongzheng period, as a symbol of the Eight Banners, the "x0d" mandarin jacket gradually became popular in all walks of life. Until the early years of the people-country \x0d\, the mandarin jacket was still a costume for people to go in and out of important occasions, that is, the \x0d\ "Tang suit we wear today, which also evolved from the mandarin jacket. \x0d\ vest is one of the characteristics of Manchu men's wear. \x0d\ vest, also known as vest and vest, is a kind of sleeveless coat. During hunting, Manchu hunters mostly wore fur-lined leather vests. Later, the vest \x0d\ had a decorative function, mostly made of silk and satin, and the four sides of the vest \x0d\ were inlaid with colored strips; The more unique and common the styles of Manchu waistcoats are, such as straight front, round front, twisted front, pipa front, straight front and herringbone front. The most popular style is \x0d\ Batru. \x0d\ Women's cheongsam is similar to men's cheongsam in style \x0d\, but it is decorated more. Women's cheongsam is also a vertical gown with \x0d\ sleeves. In addition, the hem, \x0d\ neckline and sleeve edges of the cheongsam are inlaid with patterns or teeth, which makes the cheongsam very beautiful and becomes a boutique in Manchu costumes. \x0d\ With the development of society, women's cheongsam is constantly evolving and becoming more novel and exquisite. It gradually changed from a straight tube with a wide waist to a tight curved streamline. Stand-up collar, waist, narrow sleeves, \x0d\ side placket and hem recycling fully show the beauty of oriental women's lines, show the inner temperament of oriental women, and become the national costume of China women. \x0d\ Manchu women's flag shoes are commonly known as \ flowers \x0d\ pelvic floor shoes ". In the middle of the sole, that is, the center of the foot, wood with a thickness of more than 3 inches is embedded and wrapped with fine white cloth. Embroidery is often used to decorate places where wood can't follow the ground. Pushing the flag shoes at the bottom of the flowerpot can make Manchu women look tall \x0d\ graceful. The flag shoes with flat wood as the bottom worn by elderly women and working women are called flat embroidered shoes. \x0d\3。 The characteristics of folk houses \x0d\ x0d \ Manchu folk houses fully reflect the selectivity and adaptability of folk customs to the geographical environment. Most Manchu people live in mountainous areas, so "x0d" is the first practical "x0d" problem that Manchu folk houses should consider. \x0d\ In the early Qing Dynasty, the economy and culture were relatively backward, and the living conditions were simple. I lived in \x0d\ in winter and in \ Majia \ in summer. With the development of economy and culture, communication and study with all ethnic groups, Manchu people gradually formed their own living customs. \x0d Pocket Room, Zi Kang vividly describes the main features of Manchu rooms. There are usually three or five houses full of ethnic groups. The door of the house opens in East or East Asia. \x0d\ The whole house looks like a pocket, so it is called "pocket room". \x0d\ There are \x0d\ adobe kang on the south, west and north sides of the house, which is called "Wan Zi Kang". Xikang \x0d\ is a little narrow, generally uninhabited, and it is not allowed to pile up miscellaneous things. There is a shelf above, where Manchu people worship their ancestors. Nankang is warm and sunny, \x0d\ is where the elders live, and Beikang is where the younger generation lives. In order to avoid the inconvenience of life, Manchu people have all kinds of soft partitions, some of which are made of wood and paper grids from the kang surface to the beam. Some of them have a flat \x0d\ line on the edge of the kang, and a long \x0d\ pole called \ curtain pole \ is hung from the roof, which is specially used to hang the \x0d\ curtain, and put it down when sleeping at night, playing a shielding role between the north and south \x0d\ kang. \x0d\ kang is the main heating equipment in Manchu dwellings. Because the kang usually passes through the cooking stove, it is always hot when boiling water for cooking. Some people have built a flue under the indoor ground, which is called "fire ground" or "underground kang". In particularly hot season, underground kang can be added to raise indoor temperature. \x0d\ Different from the Han people's houses, the chimney of Manchu people's houses \x0d\ is not built on the roof, but "smoke \x0d\ chimney sits on the ground". The chimney is built on the surface of the house, \x0d\ there is a tunnel connected with the refractory layer. The chimney \x0d\ sitting on the ground can not only extend the length of the indoor flue and improve the heating efficiency, but also the chimney \x0d\ of Manchu people has a large amount of fire, which is suitable for repairing it on the ground. \x0d\ The climate in Northeast China is cold, and most indoor daily activities are carried out on the kang, so the indoor \x0d\ furnishings of Manchu people are relatively simple. There is generally no desk \x0d\ chair indoors, only a kang table. Someone set a table for the Eight Immortals "x0d" and put it in front of the Xikang, with a set of "x0d" tea sets on it. There is a big cupboard for clothes on the kang, with bedding stacked on it. When a guest comes, please sit on the kang. The family usually eats, reads and does needlework on the kang. \x0d\ The doors and windows of Manchu houses also have their own characteristics. The door outside x0d is a single wooden door, and the door inside x0d is two doors with wooden bolts. The window is divided into two layers, and the window paper used to paste the window is as hard as leather, which is called "Korean paper". Sticking the window paper \x0d\ outside the window can prevent the window paper from accumulating sand on the one hand and falling off due to uneven heat and cold on the other. After pasting \x0d\ on enough paper, you need to pour oil on it. This can not only increase the indoor brightness, but also make the window paper firm \x0d\ durable. Therefore, "x0d" has become a major feature of Manchu folk houses. Although \x0d\ Manchu was greatly influenced by Han culture after entering the customs, most residents in Northeast China, including Han nationality, were greatly influenced by Manchu \x0d\ folk houses in terms of room characteristics. Now in remote rural areas, many people still use this kind of house with fire and kang, but due to the continuous improvement of living standards, great changes have taken place in the interior furnishings.