1, politics

The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement led by Hong Xiuquan completely abandoned the green camp system in the Qing Dynasty, and the Han landlords such as Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang became the backbone of the Qing Dynasty. At the same time, the Qing dynasty was forced to introduce advanced western weapons to eliminate the so-called rebellion, so the activities led by Hong Xiuquan were also one of the important factors that contributed to the Westernization Movement in the late Qing Dynasty.

1859 (the ninth year of Xianfeng), Hong Xiuquan published Senior Minister written by Hong Rengan, imitating western capitalist countries. This is an important platform for Taiping Tian Kun in his later period, which shows that his attitude towards capitalism is more open-minded and broad-minded than that of the contemporary landlord ruling class.

2. Military

Hong Xiuquan established the Taiping Army by inciting the worship of God and the sharp social contradictions in the late Qing Dynasty. 1853 (the third year of Xianfeng) In February, the Taiping Army went down from Wuchang East to Jiangnan, the sails covered the river, the guns were deafening, and the cities along the river were invincible. On March 20th, the Taiping Army swept thousands of miles, and Long song poured into Jinling and began to build the "Little Paradise on Earth".

In the following year 10, the Taiping Army continued to explore the west, discuss in the north and advance in the east, and the war burned all over most of China. Where the hurricane is, Rusher is a market.

3. Economy

/kloc-in the winter of 0/853, Hong Xiuquan promulgated the "Celestial Tenmu System" and proposed social reform measures such as changing the land system. Its content shows farmers' anti-feudal demands and strong desire to solve land problems. The completeness and profundity of the program made the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Revolution reach the highest ideological level that China's peasant revolution could reach.

Put forward the policy plan of "dividing land by field and dividing grain by rice", which shows the progressive thought of reforming social system. At the same time, he is still trying to establish China's political, economic, ideological and cultural system, trying to establish a new society that conforms to his interpretation and transformation of Christian theology.

After the capital Tianjing was established, Hong Xiuquan actively pursued foreign trade policies and carried out normal foreign trade. The foreign trade policy is positive development, equality and mutual benefit, and independence, which is in stark contrast to the Qing government's closed door, servility and humiliation of the country. Tough attitude towards opium imports.

1854 (the fourth year of Xianfeng), when talking about trade in a letter to the British ambassador, Yang wrote: "Not only Britain trades, but all countries trade. All the seas are brothers, and the matter of building a port will be decided later, and things that harm people will be banned. " Give the intruder a blow. 1863 (the second year of Tongzhi), Shanghai Port exported120,000 Jin of tea, which was twice as much as 1858 (the eighth year of Xianfeng).

1862 (the first year of Tongzhi), Shanghai declared 180 ships, the import tariff revenue of Shanghai Port was 3370 1 14 Liang, and the revenue of the two terminals was 5 1960 Liang, which was extremely prosperous.

4. Culture

In terms of clothing, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom led by Hong Xiuquan is a rare peasant regime with a clothing system in China. ? [ 16]? In clothing, it not only inherits the traditional system, but also innovates, forming a unique dressing system.

Ideologically, Hong Xiuquan pointed the finger at Confucius and Mencius, the spiritual pillar of the feudal dynasty, opposed the feudal hierarchy and advocated equality.

5. Nationality

Hong Xiuquan was extremely hostile to Manchu rulers. Since jintian uprising, Hong Xiuquan pointed the finger at the Qing Dynasty and finally dealt a heavy blow to the rulers of the Qing Dynasty. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom carried out the braid cutting policy, trying to get rid of the shadow of national slavery, which was quite encouraging to the modern revolutionaries.

6. Diplomacy

During the reign of Hong Xiuquan, Yang and Hong Rengan were appointed to preside over foreign affairs. There are many friendly exchanges with foreign countries.

Hong Xiuquan's life:

In the later period of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Hong Xiuquan was completely indifferent to the secular world and indulged in debauchery and music all day long. Yang gives consideration to both inside and outside. At this time, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was on the verge of collapse. Because of the fierce internal struggle, the Qing court aimed at this opportunity and agreed to share the world with the west, thus defeating the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement was vigorous, but his failure was doomed, because without advanced ideological guidance, he was still in the imperial feudal system, and the so-called equal division of land was still not realized. But responded to the western conspiracy to weaken China's strength. In the past few decades, 25 million people died because of the struggle between the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the Qing court.

Extended data:

Hong Xiuquan (18141-1864 June1), once known as Ren Kun, was later changed to "Ye Spark" (the homonym of "Jehovah"). 18 14 was born in Hua County, Guangdong Province.

Daoguang failed in the imperial examination many times during his years, but he firmly believed that "the ancient cause was done by people", so he absorbed the equality thought in the early Christian doctrine and wrote the Song of Salvation by the Original Way for teaching, and advocated the establishment of an ancient flourishing age of "the world is public". 185 1 year 1 month 1 1 day Hong Xiuquan led the launch of jintian uprising, the founding of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and the king of heaven.

1853 Jiangning (now Nanjing), its capital, was renamed Tianjing. On the principle of sovereignty, Hong Xiuquan refused to recognize all the unequal treaties signed by the Manchu government and imperialism, and actively resisted imperialist aggression against China. The British government sent a special envoy to contact Hong Xiuquan, saying that if Hong Xiuquan recognized Britain's interests in China, he would provide assistance to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, but Hong Xiuquan sternly refused.

Because Hong Xiuquan refused to recognize the unequal treaties and betrayed national sovereignty, the powers turned to support the Manchu government. Hong Xiuquan died in Tianjing on 1864. After his death, the vigorous Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement failed under the joint strangulation of the Manchu government and western powers.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Hong Xiuquan