The battle of Weinan, also known as the battle of Tongguan, took place in the 16th year of Jian 'an of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty (2 1 1). Prime Minister Cao defeated Han Sui, Ma Chao and other allied forces in Guanzhong. This is a wonderful battle that emphasizes foresight, flexible use of troops and wisdom to win. ?
At that time, the vassal of Kansai surrendered to Cao Cao in name, and Cao Cao wanted to crusade against Zhang Lu in Hanzhong. Therefore, the vassal states of Kansai rose up and stopped Cao Jun's invasion, which was called "Ma Chao Rebellion in Han Sui" in history. The two sides fought in Tongguan and Weinan in Guanzhong. In the end, Cao Cao won with one move and suppressed Guanzhong.
Background?
What happened before the war?
At the end of the 13th year of Jian 'an (2008), Cao Cao suffered the biggest failure in his life in Battle of Red Cliffs, with more than half of the casualties. In the 14th year of Jian 'an (209), Jiangling, an important town in the south, fell, which dealt a great blow to Cao Cao's plan to go south.
In March of the 14th year of Jian 'an (209), Cao Cao was stationed in Qiao County, manufacturing light warships, training the water army, and preparing to continue the southern expedition. In July, Cao Jun arrived in Hefei from the vortex water and Huai water. However, considering the years of fighting, the hard work of soldiers and the prevalence of epidemic gas, he did not continue to advance south. 1February, the whole army returned to Qiao county. ?
In the 15th year of Jian 'an (AD 2 10), Cao Jun basically rested. The difficulty of going south is ahead. Cao chose Guanzhong, Liangzhou and Bashu areas in the west as his next goal.
According to Guan Zhongjun, it is actually a consortium composed of ten warlords, large and small. Han Sui and Ma Chaobu are the core of this consortium, but they are not closely affiliated. Usually scattered in their own territory, as soon as there is interest, they will gather together to fight the enemy together.
At that time, Guanzhong Group was nominally subordinate to Cao Cao. In the sixth year of Jian 'an (20 1), when Cao Cao and Yuan Shang fought fiercely in Hebei, Guanzhong Group also helped Cao Cao's captain Zhong You defeat Henan Danyu Corps.
The powerful Guanzhong Group is a great threat to Cao Cao's invasion of southwest China. Cao Cao never dared to let a powerful and unstable military group exist in Guanzhong behind him when his army went deep into Hanzhong and Bashu.
Military planning?
Guanzhong has always been a four-walled land: the steep Qinling Mountains in the south, Tongguan and Yellow River natural barrier in the east, Longshan and Liupanshan in the west, and Ziwuling and Huanglong Mountain in the northern Shaanxi Plateau in the north. There are three main routes for Cao Cao to attack Guanzhong:
1, North Road: out of Hedong, crossing the Yellow River from Pubanjin West; ?
2. Middle Road: Follow the main road and enter through Tongguan;
3. South Road: First go south to Wancheng, bypassing Wuguan and Lantian. ?
Since the Qin Empire unified China with Guanzhong as its base, the Western Han Emperor also unified the whole country according to the geographical advantages of Guanzhong.
Since ancient times, there has been a saying of "120 Qin Guan". With the dangerous terrain in Guanzhong, 20,000 soldiers can resist the attack of millions of troops. ?
In particular, attacking Guanzhong from the central plains in the east is basically an unfavorable situation of attacking from behind, especially taking Tongguan. Therefore, if Cao Cao wants to break Mahan Group, which occupies a dangerous position in Guanzhong, with strong troops and powerful fighting power, he must outsmart it.