Ancient Korea

The Korean Peninsula has a history of 5,000 years, which can be traced back to the founding of Dangun. But in fact, as early as hundreds of thousands of years ago, people lived on the Korean peninsula. The Paleolithic Age of the Korean Peninsula began in 700,000 BC and entered the Bronze Age in 10 BC. In the 4th century BC, it entered the Iron Age. Korean people were originally Altaic people living in the northern continent of Asia, and then gradually moved to the Korean peninsula. Since the 4th century BC, several tribal alliances have been formed from Liaoning Province in China to the south of the peninsula, including Koguryo, Wokuotai, Yi, Mahan and so on.

Tan Jun, Korea

According to legend, in 2333 BC, Wang Jian and Wang Jian established a king in today's Pyongyang and established the ancient "Korea country", which means "the country of tranquility and dawn". This legend is recorded in the History of the Three Kingdoms.

Ji zi, Korea

The earliest recorded Korea in the history of China was in the Western Zhou Dynasty after the demise of Shang Dynasty. Ji Zi, a follower of Shang Dynasty, went to the Korean Peninsula and established a "Jishi Houguo" with the local aborigines. At the end of 3rd century BC, it was recorded for the first time in Korean history. According to Records of the Historian written by Sima Qian, a historian of Han Dynasty in China, the younger brother of Ji Zi, the last king of Shang Dynasty, came to the northern part of the Korean Peninsula with the etiquette and system of Shang Dynasty after the attack in Zhou Wuwang, and was elected as the monarch by the people there, and was recognized by the Zhou Dynasty. Historically known as "Jizi Korea".

According to the Korean history book "The Legacy of the Three Kingdoms", after Ji Zi came to North Korea, the descendants of Dangen moved south with their clansmen in order to avoid conflicts with people brought by Ji Zi. These people later became the ancestors of Sanhan.

Jizi Korea ruled the Korean peninsula for nearly a thousand years. According to Taiyuan Xianyu genealogy, the Xianyu family in North Korea originated from the descendants of Jizi Korea. Starting from Ji Zi, they experienced 465,438+0 generations of monarchs, and were not eliminated until 65,438+0 century BC.

For some reasons, some North Korean and South Korean scholars have some disputes about the existence of this history and do not recognize the existence of Jizi Korea.

Weishi Korea

Wei Man, a native of Yan State, led immigrants to North Korea, established the Wei regime in Pyongyang in 194 BC, and overthrew the North Korean regime. This is the second dynasty in Korean history, called "Wei's Korea".

Four Counties and Three Han Dynasties in Han Dynasty

In BC 108, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty annexed Weishi Korea and established four counties, namely Le Lang, Xuantu, Lintun and Fan Zhen, in the north-central part of the Korean Peninsula, which were called "Han Four Counties" in history.

The ancient Koreans who moved south, including the adherents of Wei Korea and other tribes, established the kingdom of Chen centered on Chen Han, Zhou and Han in the southern part of the Korean peninsula, and also some small countries such as Kato.

three kingdoms period

See: Three Kingdoms Period.

Due to the disintegration of the Han dynasty, it is impossible to look north. In the 4th century AD, Korea formed a period in which Koguryo, Silla and Baekje were the three pillars.

Around A.D. (recorded in the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms in 1 century BC), there were three major regimes on the Korean peninsula: Silla (57-935 BC), Koguryo (37-668 BC) and Baekje (0/8-660 BC). At the southern tip of the peninsula, there are other regimes such as Gad. Countries attacked each other, and at the same time there was a heyday in Korean history.

Baekje was developed by Mahan tribe, and Silla was formed by a small tribe in Chen Han. Baekje relied on China's Southern Dynasties to absorb culture from China and spread it to Japan.

About Katsuo/ Na Ren Japanese House

On the Japanese side, some scholars believe that Kato and other regimes in Han Ge (now Gyeongsangnam-do) at the southern tip of the Korean peninsula were the colonial "Na Ren's Japan House" of the Japanese Daiwa court on the Korean peninsula at that time. Baekje, one of the three countries on the peninsula, approached Japan to resist the invasion of Koguryo and Silla and wanted to use Japan to contain the two countries. Japan tried to use this situation to establish its own power on the Korean peninsula. This led the Yamato court to send troops to Silla, occupy Korea and establish Japanese government rule in the fourth century.

In May12, Baekje sent envoys to ask the Yamato court to cede four counties to compensate the northern territory occupied by Koguryo. At that time, the Yamato court was unable to continue to rule southern Korea and had to agree to Baekje's request. In 562, the Japanese government in Na Ren was destroyed by Silla.

On the other hand, in North Korea and South Korea, many scholars deny the existence of Japanese colonies on the Korean peninsula. On the contrary, they think that there are many small countries ruled by Baekje, Kadoorie and Silla on the Japanese archipelago. When the countries on the peninsula compete with each other, they also compete to use their own power in the Japanese archipelago.

Scholars from Japan, South Korea and South Korea have not reached an acceptable conclusion on this issue, and a certain year's Microsoft Encyclopedia attracted protests from some Korean scholars because of this issue. Also in the three countries, there are many controversies about the interpretation of Goguryeo's "Shanwangtai Monument". Some North Korean scholars even pointed out that the inscription on the stone tablet was forged by the old Japanese Army Staff Headquarters.

Unified Silla era

Please see: the era of unified Silla

Silla formed an alliance with the emerging Tang Dynasty. When Emperor Gaozong was in power, he joined forces with the Tang Dynasty to destroy Baekje in 660 A.D., Koguryo in 668, and expelled Tang Jun in 676, finally reunifying Korea, making Gyeongju its capital, and adopting the state system of the Tang Dynasty.

In the 9th century, farmers all over the country revolted. In 900, Zhen Xuan, the general of the army, became king. After the establishment of Baekje, Gwangju was its capital. In 903, Gong Jin, an uprising monk, proclaimed himself king, and established Taifeng State (initially known as Mozhen State) in the north and northwest of Silla, with Tieyuan as its capital. In 9 18, Wang Jian established the Korean dynasty, and later took "Korea" as the country name. The original Silla is also known as the post-Three Kingdoms period.

Silla died in Korea in 935, and the Silla era ended. This era is called the North-South era by some Korean scholars.

Koryo dynasty

In 9 18, the Gong family department overthrew the Gong family with Wang Jian, became king, moved its capital to its hometown of Kaesong (Song Yue), and changed its name to "Korea". Silla was destroyed in 935, Baekje was destroyed in 936, and the Korean dynasty was established. Defeated by Liao in 993, he was forced to break off relations with Song and surrender to Liao, and was forced to surrender to Jin in 1 127. During the resistance against the Khitan and Jurchen, the military strength increased greatly. 1 170 and 1 173, under the leadership of the military commander Zheng Zhongfu, two coups took place, in which the military deposed the king and killed the noble civilian, and finally established the "Du Fang" regime in which the military commander Cui Zhongxian held the king hostage. 123 1 year, Mongolian troops attacked Korea, 1258, Cui regime crossed Taiwan, and the king surrendered to Mongolia. Became a vassal state of the Yuan Dynasty, and the great scholar Huachi was stationed in Kaesong to supervise state affairs.

Li Korea

See: Lee Korea.

1368, the Ming dynasty overthrew the yuan dynasty, 1387, Zhu Yuanzhang wanted to recover the territory of the former northeast yuan dynasty. King Koryo still attached to the remnants of the Mongolian army and refused to return it. He sent a unified command, let Li Chenggui attack Liaodong, and Li Chenggui opposed sending troops to launch a coup. 1392 deposed the king and changed the name of the country to North Korea, which means "Bright Asahi". This era was called "Li Dynasty" by Japan, and this title is still used in most historians. Scholars in North Korea and South Korea think it should be called the Korean era, but this name is easily confused and rarely accepted.

1443, King Sejong founded the Korean character "Training Andrew".

North Korea pursues the policy of worshipping Confucianism and restraining Buddhism.

159 1 year, Japanese shogunate general Toyotomi Hideyoshi invaded Korea and occupied Pyongyang for a time. China sent troops to aid Korea in the Ming Dynasty, and the Japanese army was defeated by the allied forces of China and North Korea on 1598. This period of history is called the "Japanese Rebellion".

16 18, the Ming dynasty fought the Qing army, and North Korea sent troops to help. 1637, the Qing army occupied Korea, and the king surrendered and became a vassal state of the Qing dynasty.

1863, after the death of Zhezong, there was no heir. Li Yunying, the son of the royal family, became emperor and Li Yunying was the regent of the "Grand Court". He carried out a series of reforms, strengthened centralization, suppressed local feudal forces, closed the country to the outside world, set fire to American warships robbed in North Korea, repelled the attacks of American warships many times, and destroyed three American warships.

1873, when Emperor Gaozong came to power as an adult, the big courtyard king was no longer regent, and the consorts of Min Fei took power. Japanese warships entered the mouth of the Han River, forcing North Korea to sign an unequal treaty on the river. 1882, Minfei's consorts deducted their salaries, which led to Renwu mutiny. During the mutiny, the uprising soldiers killed officials of the Japanese legation and broke into the palace. Princess Min fled disguised as a maid-in-waiting, and Dayuanjun regained power. At Min Fei's request, the Qing Dynasty sent Wu Changqing to lead 3,000 troops into North Korea to suppress the rebellion, imprisoned Yuan Jun, and Min Fei's consorts returned to power. Since then, both Japan and the Qing Dynasty have stationed troops in Korea.

North Korean aristocrats are divided into "civilized faction" demanding reform and "old school" headed by Min Fei. 1884, 1884 On February 4, 1984, the civilized faction planned with the Japanese minister, relying on the Japanese army to launch a coup, killing the old school official and announcing the severance of relations with the Qing government. It was for the "coup in Shen Jia" that the Qing army led by Yuan Shikai entered the palace on 6th at the request of the old guard, defeated the Japanese army and killed the civilized leader. Some civilized leaders fled to Japan, and conservatives returned to power.

1894, a large-scale peasant uprising broke out in North Korea. On June 6, the Qing army landed in Asan, and then the Japanese army landed in Incheon on July 6, launching the Renwu Incident to occupy Seoul, forcing North Korea to sign the unequal Jiwupu Treaty (Jiwupu is now Incheon). And organized a pro-Japanese government to suppress the peasant uprising.

1894 Japan and the Qing army launched the Sino-Japanese War in Korea.

1in April, 895, the Qing army failed, and the treaty of shimonoseki between China and Japan was signed, ending the suzerain-vassal relationship between China and North Korea and recognizing the independence of North Korea. At this point, North Korea became Japan's "protectorate" and was under Japanese rule. 1895 Japan assassinated Min Fei who had anti-Japanese tendencies.

1897 With the support of Russia, Emperor Gaozong declared independence, established the Korean Empire, proclaimed himself emperor, and made Princess Min emperor. From then on, North Korea changed to South Korea. After the Russo-Japanese War, Russia was defeated. Japan established a "unified supervisor" regime in Korea, forcing Emperor Gaozong to abdicate and the Crown Prince to succeed him. Ito Bowen, Japan's first unified supervisor, was stabbed to death by North Korean patriot An Zhonggen in Harbin.

During the Japanese rule,

Japan-Korea merger

19 10 In August, Japan forced the South Korean government to sign the Japan-Korea Merger Treaty with it, formally annexed the Korean peninsula, made the royal family a Japanese aristocrat, assassinated Gaozong, and forced Koreans to use Japanese in an attempt to destroy Korean national culture.

3 1 independent activities

1 965438+March 20091day, a large-scale rebellion broke out on the Korean peninsula due to Japan's ban on the use of Korean language in schools. Liu Shunkuan and other young students published the "3. 1 Declaration of Independence" in Tadong Park, Jongno-gu, Seoul today, but they were violently suppressed by the Japanese police and Liu Shunkuan and other students were killed. History is called "3. 1 independent activity". In the same year, the Korean independence movement set up an interim government in Shanghai, moved to Chongqing after the fall of Shanghai, and set up an independent combat team to declare war on Japan.