Statue of senior officers

Senior military attache figurines, commonly known as general figurines, are very few in the pit of Qin figurines, and less than ten pieces have been unearthed. There are two kinds: general figurines in battle robes and general figurines in armor. Their common characteristics are wearing a crown, tall and burly, outstanding temperament and graceful demeanor. Samurai's clothes are simple, but his chest is decorated with flower knots, while his chest, back and shoulders are decorated with eight colorful flower knots, which are colorful and elegant, setting off his rank, status and prestige in the army.

Knight statue

Cheshi, that is, the soldiers on the chariot except the charioteer (driver). Generally, there are two riders on the chariot, namely the left figurine and the right figurine. The figurines on the left side of the chariot are covered with long rafts, armour, shin guards, spears, spears, daggers, halberds and other long weapons in their left hand, and the right hand presses the chariot. The clothing of the right fighter is the same as that of the left fighter, but the posture is opposite. They are the main battle forces of chariots, but according to the literature, there are certain differences in weapon configuration and operational responsibilities. From the weapons found around the site of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit, it can be seen that the left and right sides of Qin Dynasty chariots were equipped with long weapons such as swords and spears and long weapons such as crossbows, indicating that the division of labor between the left and right sides of chariots was not very clear at that time. On the chariot, in addition to the spearmen and the figurines on the left and right sides of the chariot, there are also military attache figurines who command operations. Military attaché s are divided into high and low levels and have the responsibility of operational command.

Vertical shooting figurine

Vertical shooting figurines are a special unit in Qin figurines. Unearthed on the east side of No.2 pit, the weapon is crossbow. Together with the kneeling figures, they formed the crossbowman army. The vertical shooting figurines are located in the front of the battle line, dressed in light combat robes, tied in a bun, with a belt around their waist and pointed toes, and their clothes are light and flexible. This posture is as recorded in the Spring and Autumn Annals of Wu Yue, "The shooting method is that the left foot is vertical and the right foot is horizontal. If the left hand supports the branch and the right hand holds the child, this is also the way to hold the crossbow. " The posture of the vertical shooting figurines is consistent with the literature records, which shows that the shooting skills in the Qin Shihuang era have developed to a high level, and various movements have formed a set of standardized models, which have been inherited by future generations.

Kneeling statue

On the east side of No.2 pit, a kneeling figurine similar to the vertical shooting figurine was unearthed, and its weapon was crossbow, which together with the vertical shooting figurine formed the crossbowmen array. Vertical shooting figurines are located in the front of the array, and kneeling figurines are located in the center of the array. Archers and terracotta warriors are dressed in battle robes and armor, with their heads tied in a bun on the left side, their feet on square pointed shoes, their left legs squatting, their right knees touching the ground, their upper bodies turning slightly to the left, and their hands swinging up and down on the right side of their bodies with bows, showing the practice of individual soldiers holding bows. In the sculpture art of kneeling figures, one thing is very valuable, that is, their soles are carefully portrayed by craftsmen with dense stitches, which reflects the extremely rigorous realism spirit and makes the viewers of later generations feel a very rich life atmosphere from Qin terracotta warriors.

Fighter image

Warriors are ordinary soldiers. As the main body of the military array, the largest number of unearthed terracotta warriors are pits, which can be divided into two categories according to their different clothes, namely, warriors in battle robes and armored warriors. As the main battle force, it is distributed in the whole army array. Warrior warriors are mostly distributed in the front, flexible and mobile; The figure of armored soldiers is distributed in the array. Both types of soldiers are armed with actual combat weapons, with high temperament and movement in silence.

Statue of military officials

In terms of identity, military attaché s are lower than ordinary people and have middle and lower classes. From the appearance, there are several different forms of wearing double crown or single crown and armor. Military attache figurines are different from general figurines in dress, but they are also slightly different in spirit. Military attache figurines are generally not as plump and majestic as general figurines, but they are relatively tall, broad-shouldered, tall and solemn as a whole. It also shows that they are diligent in thinking and brave and capable.

Cavalry statue

1 16 cavalry figurines unearthed in No.2 pit are mostly used for wartime surprise attacks. Because of the special arms, the clothing of cavalry is obviously different from that of infantry and chariots. They wear small round hats, jackets with tight sleeves and right lapels, tight cuffs, short boots, short and small armor, no shoulders and no armor on their hands. The clothes are short and light, with a horse in one hand and a bow in the other. From this special costume, we can clearly see that from the ancient cavalry tactics, the agility of knights is a basic requirement. The cavalry statue unearthed in No.2 Square is the earliest cavalry object found in the archaeological history of our country so far. Therefore, it provides very precious archaeological data for the study of cavalry costumes and equipment at that time.

Royal hand statue

The terracotta warriors are the drivers of chariots, and all three pits have been unearthed. They are dressed in long rafts, armor, arm armor and wrist, hand armor, leggings, necklaces around their necks, scarves and long crowns on their heads, and arms raised in front of them to pull the rope. Because of the great lethality of chariots in ancient wars, the role of imperial commanders in ancient wars, especially in chariot wars, is particularly important, and even directly related to the outcome of the war.

Introduction to Qin Shihuang:

Qin Shihuang (259 BC-265438 BC+00 BC) won the surname Zhao. Son of King Xiang of Qin Zhuang. Born in Handan, the capital of Zhao, he succeeded to the throne at the age of thirteen, proclaimed himself emperor at the age of thirty-nine, and reigned for thirty-seven years. China is a famous politician, strategist and reformer in history, and also the first iron-fisted politician to complete the reunification of China. The establishment of the first multi-ethnic centralized state, with the title of "Emperor" of Huang San and "Emperor" of five emperors, was the first feudal dynasty monarch at all times and in all countries.

Qin Shihuang established the emperor system in the central government, implemented three officials and nine ministers, and managed state affairs. The enfeoffment system was abolished at the local level and replaced by the county system. At the same time, books are written in the same language and cars are on the same track. Unified measurement. Attacking Xiongnu in the north, conquering Baiyue in the south, building the Great Wall of Wan Li, building Lingqu and connecting the water system. It also pushed China into the era of great unification and created a new situation for the establishment of authoritarian centralization. It has had a far-reaching impact on China and world history, and laid the basic pattern of China's political system for more than two thousand years. Li Zhi, a thinker in the Ming Dynasty, praised him as "an emperor through the ages".

Introduction to Terracotta Warriors:

Terracotta warriors and horses; ; Terracotta figures; Terracotta Warriors and Horses), Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses, located in the pit of Terracotta Warriors and Horses, east of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum 1.5 km, Lintong District, Xi City, Shaanxi Province.

Terracotta warriors and horses are a category of ancient tomb sculptures. In ancient times, human sacrifice was practiced, and slaves were accessories of slave owners before their death. When they die, the slaves will be buried with the slave owners as sacrifices. Terracotta warriors and horses were made into sacrifices in the shape of troops (chariots, horses and soldiers).

1March, 974, the Terracotta Warriors were discovered; From 65438 to 0987, the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor and the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit were approved by UNESCO to be included in the World Heritage List, and were praised as "the eighth wonder of the world". The visit of more than 200 national leaders has become a gold-lettered business card of China's splendid ancient civilization.