Burn books:
Historical Records of Qin Shihuang: I asked historians to burn all the records of the Qin Dynasty. Those who dare to have poems, books and hundreds of languages in the world without being doctors will carefully preserve and burn them. Some people who dare to talk about poetry and books have abandoned the market. Think of the past as a family that is not the present. Those officials are all guilty of the same crime if they don't mention it. If it doesn't burn for the next 30 days, it will be a city. Those who don't go, the book of planting trees. If you want to study law, you should take an official as your teacher.
In the thirty-fourth year of Qin Shihuang (2 13 BC), Dr. Qi Chun Yu Yue opposed the "county system" implemented at that time and demanded that children be enfeoffed according to the ancient system. Li Si, the prime minister, refuted it, arguing that people should not learn from private studies and slander state affairs. Qin Shihuang listened to Reese's suggestion, ordered the burning of historical records of other countries except Ji Qin, and also handed in and burned books on folk medicine divination and tree planting and private collections of poems and books that did not belong to the doctor's museum within a time limit; Some people dare to talk about "poetry" and "book" executions and use the past to exterminate the nation; Private schools are forbidden, and those who want to study law should take officials as teachers. This is "burning books".
Pit Confucianism:
Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor: When the emperor heard the death of Hou Sheng and Lu Sheng, he was furious and said, "I used to collect useless books in the world. There are many literary alchemists who want to promote peace and prosperity, and alchemists want to practice magical drugs. Today, I heard that Han Zhong didn't report it, and Xu Shi and other expenses were tens of thousands. In the end, he could not get the medicine, but told the Japanese about the profit from rape. Lu Sheng and others have been very kind to me, but now they slander me, which is not good for Jyuugo. Born in Xianyang, I make people ask questions or swear by them. " So I suggested asking the students about the case, and the students told each other about it. It is because more than 460 people who broke the ban are in Xianyang, so that the world can know and punish them. Gradually, I moved to the border. Fu Su, the eldest son of the first emperor, remonstrated: "At the beginning of the world, the leaders of Guizhou did not gather in the distance. All the students recite the teachings of Confucius, and today they all attach importance to the teaching of law. I'm afraid the world will be upset. Just look at it. " The first emperor was furious and ordered Fu Su to supervise Meng Tian to Shang Jun.
Biographies of Historical Records of the Scholars: By the end of Qin Dynasty, the six arts had set themselves on fire, and the sorcerer had cheated.
In the thirty-fifth year of Qin Shihuang (2 12 BC), after alchemists Lu Sheng and Hou Sheng failed to seek immortality for Qin Shihuang, they privately discussed Qin Shihuang's life, governing the country and seeking immortality, and then fled with huge sums of money for immortality. When Qin Shihuang knew this, he was furious and took his anger out on the alchemist. He ordered a search and interrogation in the capital, arrested 460 people and buried them alive.
What is the impact of burning books and burying Confucianism?
1 accelerated the demise of the Qin dynasty.
Qin Shihuang burned books to bury Confucianism, aiming at maintaining unified centralized politics, opposing ancient and modern times and cracking down on the absurd stories of mysterious and different alchemists, but it did not achieve the expected results. This is different from other measures taken by Qin Shihuang, which was unexpected by Qin Shihuang and Li Si.
2. It has created a unified pattern in China.
"Burning books to bury Confucianism" has always been the evidence of Qin Shihuang's cruelty. It has been reviled by scholars all over the world for more than 2,000 years, so that some people are still worried about this historical event, and they hate that they can't dig graves and whip corpses, and they hate that they can't penetrate more than 2,000 years of time and space. This is actually a collective fear in the subconscious of later literati, which has been passed down from generation to generation. Emotionally, the old monk also felt that Qin Shihuang's method of burning books and burying Confucianism was too fierce, and he was really cruel to Confucian scholars at that time. He could have taken some gentler measures. But if we want to evaluate a historical event, it is best to evaluate it from the effect of the event, rather than using moral or emotional standards. So what is the historical effect of burning books and burying Confucianism? I believe that after this incident, the historical pattern of great unity of the Chinese nation has been formed.
3. It caused serious losses.
Burning books and burying Confucianism is a measure taken by Qin Shihuang to control ideology and culture after unifying the six countries. During the Warring States period, due to the drastic changes in social relations, the academic circles presented a situation in which a hundred schools of thought contended. By the end of the year, countries were divided and combined. Correspondingly, ideology and culture also show a trend of trying to be eclectic and integrating various theories into one furnace. After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he used the power of feudal countries to carry out ideological and cultural control policies. It is under this historical background that books are burned and Confucianism is buried. Before 2 13, Qin Shihuang gave a big banquet in Xianyang Palace. Dr. Chun Yuyue reiterated the idea of restoring the enfeoffment system, arguing that "things can last forever without learning the lessons of the past." Prime Minister Reese retorted that different times should have different governance methods. Confucian scholars "learn from the past but not from the present" and "learn from the past and harm the present" (Historical Records of Qin Shihuang), if not banned, will not be conducive to the implementation of government decrees and undermine the situation of great unity. Therefore, it is suggested that all the history books of other countries should be burned except Ji Qin; Except for doctoral officers, all those who have "poems", "books" and hundreds of languages are handed over to the government for burning within a time limit; Even those who talk about "poetry" and "books" abandon the market; Destroy the nation with those who are not what they used to be; Officials who know nothing commit the same crime; Ordered not to burn for 30 days and fined four years to build a city; Only books on medicine, divination and tree planting (agriculture) are not burned. Those who want to study law should take officials as teachers. Qin Shihuang approved Reese's suggestion and ordered its implementation. This is the book burning incident. The following year, there was another incident of cheating Confucianism. In essence, burying Confucianism is a continuation of burning books, but the causes are different. In his later years, Qin Shihuang hoped that the alchemist would find the immortal medicine. Therefore,