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The Life of the Characters in Franz Joseph I of Austria's Works
Franz Joseph I of Austria is the eldest son of Princess Sophie Friedrich, daughter of Archduke Franz Karl and King Maximilian I of Bavaria. Because his uncle Ferdinand I had no children, he was educated as the presumptive heir of the king. 1848, he participated in the uprising to suppress Lombardy-Venice kingdom against Austrian rule in Italy. When the revolution spread to Vienna, the imperial capital, Austrian Emperor Ferdinand I was forced to abdicate for mental reasons, and Flantz ascended the throne in Olmi on February 3rd, 65438.

In the first 10 year of his rule, that is, the so-called "new authoritarian regime" period, he personally made foreign policy and strategic decisions, and together with Prime Minister and Foreign Minister felix schwarzenberg, he began to restore imperial order. 1850, 1 1 year, Prussia signed the Treaty of Olmert by force, dissolved the German Confederation and surrendered to Austria, which was considered by Prussians as the second time. However, the brutal rule of the Prime Minister in China and the intolerant police organization aroused people's inner resistance. When the government withdrew its commitment to make a constitution under the revolutionary pressure of 185 1, this resistance became more threatening. The far-reaching consequences of withdrawing the promise led to the long-term distrust of Flantz Joseph's rule by the Liberal Party, which led to 1853 Vienna's attempt to assassinate the Austrian emperor and the Milan riots. In the 1864 war against Denmark, Joseph made an alliance with Prussia in an attempt to delay its dominance in Germany, but in vain. After Puao won, the quarrel broke out and the war between the two sides was inevitable. Prussia and Sardinia formed an alliance to form a potential attack on Austria. Diplomats suggested that Venice be ceded to Sardinia through French Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte to avoid this unfavorable situation. Although doomed to lose Venice, Joseph thought it was disgraceful to lose a province without World War I, and it would be more glorious to die. Therefore, archduke albrecht Friedrich Rudolph, who is good at attacking, and ludwig von benedek, who is good at defending, switched places. The end of the Puao War was that the northern front failed and the southern front won. Although Austria failed and surrendered Venice, it ensured its psychological advantage over the South.

Because Franz Joseph failed to reach a federal solution that satisfied all ethnic groups, ethnic relations deteriorated further. The form of 1867 is becoming increasingly clear, and it needs to be compromised like Hungarians who don't listen to the command. Thus, the "dual monarchy of empire and kingdom" was formed. In this dual monarchy, half Austria and half Hungary coexist in equal partnership. This compromise gave Hungarians considerable rights to expand their influence, and the Slavic nation suffered losses. Bohemians (Czechs) and poles did not share the privileges enjoyed by Austrian Germans in the Austrian part of the empire, that is, the western half; Croats, Slovaks and Yugoslavs did not share the privileges enjoyed by Hungarians in eastern Hungary. Franz Joseph recognized this biased practice and violated the core law of basic equality of all ethnic groups in this multi-ethnic country. The long-term historical evolution of the relationship between the States and the emperor was replaced by the submission of all ethnic groups to the Austrian German monarch or the Hungarian monarch. This will continue to upset the country. The last reform attempt to give Slavic the same status as Hungarian and German was rejected by the Austrian emperor under the national pressure of Austrian Germans. As for the recognition and restoration of the ancient rights of Czechs, it fettered the foreign policy of Austria-Hungary and threatened its internal affairs. What is even more unfavorable is the Slavic problem in the south. From 1867, Croats under Hungarian rule felt that they were constant Hungarians, and the rule of Hungarians finally made Serbia, where Slavic compatriots lived, become the sworn enemy of the dual monarchy. Count Andrasi is the most outstanding foreign minister in Franzjosef. He not only united Germany and Austria in 1879, but also won the first major diplomatic victory of the empire in the Balkans by occupying Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Austrian emperor tried his best to defend the alliance with Germany. Although Italy and Germany formed triple alliance in 1882 and Romania signed a secret treaty with Germany in 1883, he had great reservations about Italy and Romania. Flantz Joseph's diplomatic style advocates personal contact between monarchs. 1873, he appeared side by side with czar Alexander II in Berlin. Decisively contributed to the san huang League. Later, he also devoted himself to preventing potential conflicts with Russia through personal contact. After his visit to Petersburg in 1897 and Tsar Nicholas II in 1903, he tried to define the interests of Austria and Russia in the Balkans, but this policy was rashly destroyed by Foreign Minister Heron Tal in a crisis that led to the annexation of occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908. 1908- 19 14 years, he ignored the warning of the chief of staff, Flantz Conrad von Hertzendorf, and insisted on peaceful diplomacy. Hertzendorf has repeatedly proposed to launch a pre-emptive and preventive war against Serbia or Italy. However, in July 19 14, encouraged by the foreign minister Count berthold, he rashly issued an ultimatum to Serbia, which led to the outbreak of the First World War. At the height of the war, he died peacefully at the age of 86, and his nephew Karl I succeeded to the throne.