The Zhuang nationality originated from "Xi 'ou" and "Luoyue" recorded in the historical records of the Han nationality in the pre-Qin, Qin and Han dynasties, and distributed in 3/kloc-0 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government. They mainly live in the south, starting from Lianshan Zhuang and Yao Autonomous County in Guangdong in the east, reaching Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan in the west, reaching congjiang county in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture in Guizhou in the north and Beibu Gulf in the south. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is the main distribution area of Zhuang nationality.
"Xi 'ou" and "Luo Yue" who lived in Lingnan area recorded in the historical records of the Han nationality in the pre-Qin, Qin and Han dynasties were the most direct ancestors of Zhuang nationality.
In the pre-Qin period, there was a nation called Baiyue, which was widely distributed in China from the south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to the southeast coastal areas. Xi 'ou and Luojia, which are located in Guangdong and Guangxi today, are one of them. At that time, they were still in the development stage of clan and tribal society. In 22 1 BC, after Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he sent Wei Tusui to lead a 500,000-strong army, divided into five ways, and marched into Lingnan. In Yuechengling area, he met with strong resistance from Ou people.
In 2 14 BC, Qin Shihuang sent Shi Lu to lead soldiers to open the mausoleum area and pay grain to transport soldiers. Since then, Qin Jun defeated the Xi 'ou people, unified the Lingnan area, and established Guilin, Nanhai and Xiangshan counties in Lingnan, formally bringing the area under the rule of the central dynasty.
According to archaeological data and historical records, Xi 'ou people and Luoyue people have used bronze and iron at this time and started to enter the civilized era. Especially the Ou people, under the leadership of the leader Yi, have been able to cope with hundreds of thousands of battles in several years by using the familiar jungles and mountains, forcing them to be puzzled for three years, which shows that the social organizations of the Ou people have been quite developed and can operate effectively, and have entered the era of tribal alliances or chiefdoms.
At that time, in order to ensure the military logistics supply of the southern expedition to Lingnan and defeat the resistance of the Ou people, Qin Shihuang also sent Lu Jian to build a "Lingqu" in northeast Guangxi to connect Hunan and Lishui. The construction of Lingqu greatly facilitates the traffic between the north and south of Wuling and is conducive to the economic and cultural development of Lingnan area.
After the Qin Dynasty unified Lingnan, a large number of Han people moved to Lingnan and lived with the Yue people. Since then, the political, economic and cultural ties between Ou people and Yue people and the people of all ethnic groups in the mainland have become closer, which has played a positive role in the further development of Yue people's society in western Lingnan.
From the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the indigenous people in Lingnan area (later Guangdong and Guangxi) were called "Wuhu", "Li", "Liao" or "",and they were descendants of Europe and Luoyue. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was war in the Central Plains and social unrest. Many wealthy families moved to Lingnan to avoid chaos, which promoted the development of feudalism in Lingnan.
Influenced by it, Liao Li, a nobleman living in Lingnan, has always dominated the whole country, resulting in some "big surnames" that are "better than rural songs" in Lingnan indigenous ethnic society. Such as sorghum Hepu Xianshi, Qinzhou Hepu Ningshi, Guizhou Lishi, sorghum Huangshi, etc., are all famous indigenous surnames in Lingnan during this period.
They have the wealth of "a land of thousands of miles, a land of more than ten thousand handmaiden, and a land of treasure". At the same time, there are a large number of poor and even "father and son are slaves for generations" ordinary workers in society.
First, the most popular surname in Gaoliang area since Qin and Han Dynasties. In the early years of Liang Datong in the Southern Dynasties, Mrs. Xian married a Han family that moved southward, highlighting the Taishou, with 654.38+10,000 tribes. She was wise and resourceful since she was a child, and she was able to appease the people's hearts, and compiled a series of Baiyue and Han immigrants who moved south. In the Sui Dynasty, she was rewarded by Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty and made a princess. Mrs. Xian has made great contributions to safeguarding national unity and local peace and is admired by future generations.
During the Tang and Five Dynasties, the ancestors of Zhuang nationality still called Li, Liao and Wu Hu (Wu Wu), but there were also ethnic names named after regions or ethnic names, such as Xiyuanman, Huangdongman, Nongdongman or Dongmang. After the Song Dynasty, there have been some new changes in Zhuang appellation, such as "collision", "spreading soil" and "natives". After the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, humiliation was translated into "Yi", and some people called themselves Zhuang, Nong, Lang, Tu and Sha.
These appellations were originally regional, but in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the appellation of "Zhuang" appeared widely in Guangxi and western Guangdong, and became the most common national appellation of Zhuang nationality. 1952 is unified as "pass" (strong voice). 1965 was rewritten as "Zhuang".
Extended data
Zhuang people are good at singing. Youjiang area is called "Huan", Zuojiang area is called "Poetry", and northern Guangxi area is called "Bi" and "Huan", all of which mean singing folk songs. There is a regular folk song called Gewei. The date of the concert varies from place to place. The third day of the third lunar month is the most grand. More than 10,000 people attended the Dashan Song Festival.
The content includes songs, begging songs, passionate songs, antithetical songs, polite songs, pushing songs, disc songs, changing songs, parting songs, love songs, farewell songs and so on. Liu Sanjie, known as the "singing fairy", is a typical representative of a singer. During the concert, there will also be recreational activities such as throwing hydrangeas and "touching eggs" between men and women. During this period, families eat five-color glutinous rice.
Wenshan, Yunnan also sang Zhuang opera and held a material exchange meeting. In the past, the Zhuang people planted rice once a year (that is, one season), and the third day of March was the time to prepare for farming. Ge Wei is making material and spiritual preparations for spring ploughing. Eating five-colored rice and five-colored eggs means wishing the grain a bumper harvest.
In the Tang Dynasty, there were dances of the Zhuang nationality, such as Tang Tang Dance, with rice as the content and percussion instruments. In the Song Dynasty, there were pole dancing, tea dancing, shrimp fishing dancing and spring cattle dancing. The male dance is vigorous and powerful, and the female dance is graceful. This dance has been passed down to this day. Under the influence of Han drama, drama began to appear in Zhuang nationality around the Qing Dynasty.
One is Zhuang drama, teacher drama and puppet show sung in Zhuang language; The other is a musical featuring folk songs and dances. Zhuang Opera is divided into "Northern Zhuang Opera" popular in Tianlin, Xilin and Baise. Under the influence of Yunnan opera, it was formed on the basis of folk rap art "bench play" and absorbed the singing of Yunnan opera. Accompaniment instruments include Ma Guhu, Huluhu and Muye of Zhuang nationality and flute, sanxian and erhu of Han nationality.
Nanluzhuang Opera, which was popular in Qingxi and Debao dynasties, is a combination of singing and singing based on Emma local opera and influenced by Yi opera. Besides Ma Guhu and Hu Hu, the accompaniment instruments of Yi Opera include Wen Gong, Wu Gong, Da Gong, Xiao Gong, Er Hu, Sanxian, flute, drum and cymbal.
Xu Ge
Xu Ge is very popular in Zhuang area. The market period varies from place to place, but it is generally the most prosperous in spring and autumn. Spring is a period of time after the Spring Festival, which is the fourth day of the first month or the seventh day of the first month, February 19th, March 3rd, March 16th, etc. Autumn is a period after the Mid-Autumn Festival, such as August 15th or September 9th and October 10th.
In addition, there are irregular song concerts, which are frequent and common. Regular song concerts are usually held three or two times a year, with tens of thousands of people attending the big ones and one or two thousand people attending the small ones. Irregular concerts are generally small, with 30 to 50 people, 10 to 20 people. The songs sung at the Expo are mainly the pursuit of beautiful love ideals by young men and women.
Its contents are generally meeting songs, invitation songs, disc songs, new songs, love songs, oath songs, farewell songs and so on. Ge Wei usually lasts for one day, but also for two or three days in a row. In addition to young people, there are also young and middle-aged people attending the concert. Old people and children mainly "watch the war", appreciate and judge. Some old singers take part in activities, but they don't sing, but serve as consultants for young people.
The song will be very lively. Besides young people singing, there are singers and businessmen. All kinds of daily necessities, silk products, food cakes, chickens, ducks, fish and vegetables are available. In fact, Ge Wei also has the nature of fairness.
A singing party/party
Gehui is different from Xu Ge and probably originated from Xu Ge. The duration of the concert is not necessarily, as long as it is necessary, it can be held at any time. The number of people attending the concert ranged from several thousand to thirty or twenty.
The songs sung in the concert mainly express the Zhuang people's ideological passion for changing society and life and their yearning for future life. Its content generally begins with the opening song, and then goes to offering songs, competing songs, evaluating songs, harmony, learning songs, unity songs and so on. Generally speaking, all the people attending the concert are adults, and they have a certain understanding of current politics.
Zhuang people have been casting and using bronze drums for more than 2000 years. Up to now, most counties in Zhuang area have unearthed bronze drums in different periods. There are many kinds and sizes of bronze drums. The drum surface is flat, the drum body is hollow and bottomless, decorated with various patterns. Historically, the bronze drum was not only a musical instrument, but also a symbol of power and wealth.
From the point of view of smelting technology and modeling technology, the bronze drums unearthed in Guogailing, Tiandong County, Guangxi during the Warring States Period and Guixian and Xilin County, Guangxi during the Western Han Dynasty have reached a fairly high level.
Zhuang brocade is a famous textile handicraft of Zhuang nationality. It is made of cotton yarn and five-color velvet, with unique patterns and durability. The production of Zhuang brocade was recorded in the Tang and Song Dynasties more than/kloc-0.000 years ago. By the Qing Dynasty, Zhuang brocade production had spread all over Zhuang areas, becoming the clothing demand of Zhuang people and the best-selling product in the market.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhuang Brocade has achieved new development, and its patterns and patterns have been constantly innovated, and its application scope has become wider and wider, such as wall hanging, tablecloth, cushion, sofa cloth, curtains and so on. At present, Zhuang brocade produced in Jingxi, Binyang and other places in Guangxi sells well at home and abroad.
Zhuang boxing not only has a long history and tradition in Zhuang township, but also is a unique custom of Zhuang nationality. For example, in the Ming Dynasty, when a boy grew up to be a teenager, he had to be taught martial arts. Local chiefs advocate the masses to practice martial arts, and the masses also advocate martial arts. Every year during the winter leisure season, all villages in Zhuangxiang employ masters to teach martial arts. This custom lasted for a long time, until around liberation. Nowadays, the traditional martial arts in Zhuangxiang has been gradually restored and developed.
Baidu encyclopedia-Zhuang nationality
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