The famous historian Chen said: "The culture of the Chinese nation has developed for thousands of years, and it is the peak of Zhao and Song Dynasties." Kaifeng, located in the center of eastern Henan plain, also known as Bianliang and Bianjing, was the capital of Song Dynasty 168. It was a famous cultural, economic, artistic and political center at that time, and its prosperity was unmatched by later generations. It was also the first city in China where Jews settled. From the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the economic center moved south, which was finally completed in the Southern Song Dynasty. Mr. Qi Xia, a famous historian, once pointed out: "During the 300 years of the Song Dynasty, China's economic and cultural development was in the forefront of the world, and it was the most advanced and civilized country at that time. Mr. Yang Weisheng, a professor of history, also thinks: "In the 320 years of Song Dynasty, the height of material civilization and spiritual civilization reached a peak in the history of the whole feudal society in China, and also occupied a leading position in the ancient history of the world. "
Gong Defrank, a world-renowned economic historian, also thinks: "In the 20th century and the 2nd century Song Dynasty, China was undoubtedly the most economically developed region in the world. Since the Song Dynasty in 1 1 century and 12 century, China's economy has far surpassed other parts of the world in industrialization, commercialization, monetization and urbanization. " The famous French sinologist Sheikh Nai once said: "In the fields of social life, art, entertainment, system and technology, China (Song Dynasty) was undoubtedly the most advanced country at that time, and it had every reason to regard other countries in the world only as barbaric countries." Japanese Song historian Miyazaki said: "The Song Dynasty was the most charming era in China's history. At first, Chinese civilization was far behind in Bisleyat, and later this situation gradually reversed. In the Song Dynasty, it surpassed West Asia and ranked among the top in the world. However, due to the stimulation of civilization in the Song Dynasty, European civilization developed forward. " The civilization of Song Dynasty deeply influenced the world. Madison, a famous British economic historian, wrote: "As early as 10 century, China was already a leading country in the world economy in terms of per capita income, and this position continued until 15 century. China has surpassed Europe in terms of technical level, development and utilization of natural resources and management capacity of vast territory. /kloc-in the 0/9th century and the first half of the 20th century, when the world economy accelerated obviously, China declined. "
According to his calculation, after 960 AD (when Zhao Kuangyin established the Song Dynasty), China's per capita GDP was 450 dollars, which reached 600 dollars at the end of the Song Dynasty on the basis of 65,438 dollars+0,990 dollars. In medieval Europe, it was only $422. 1840 After the defeat of the Opium War, China's economy collapsed. 1870, the per capita GDP was $530. Due to the civil war, by 1950, China's per capita GDP was only $439, which could not catch up with the $450 in the early Song Dynasty. 1952 reached $537, but it was still below $600 at the end of the Song Dynasty and reached $4,963 in Europe.