There is no historical conviction now.

The earliest group of Confucius tried to beautify the pre-Xia dynasty in order to beautify the good image of imperial rule.

After that, the Sui and Tang Dynasties discussed the orthodoxy of the Northern Dynasties, the Southern Song Dynasty recognized the southern regime of the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries, and the Qing Dynasty confessed to the Ming Dynasty ... Didn't they all be overthrown? !

In a positive sense, normal beliefs occur after profound ideological changes in major historical events, which is bound to be accompanied by major changes in people's three views. For example, from the perspective of feudal society, the peasant uprising was a great uprising and was not discussed; However, standing today-peasant uprising will promote historical development to a certain extent, but it has not produced new productivity or production relations, so if it does not fail, it will only become a tool for regime change.

In peacetime, there will be no great changes in the three views of thought, and will there be a lever to sell ugliness? Of course, showing off your originality and looking for a sense of existence is too common, but it will definitely not become a climate.

So, as far as I am concerned, reading or commenting on history:

Reversing the verdict is allowed-after all, it represents a change of ideas, but it is forbidden to impose the current ideas on the ancients and over-interpret their behavior to make plans. To make a plan, we must first try to interpret the meaning of their actions or events from the standpoint of the background environment at that time.

The ancients were not necessarily smarter than us, but they did not necessarily know less than us. If you understand this, you must know that the premise of your conviction is based on respecting the information left by predecessors. Those beliefs that attract bloggers' attention are all jokes.

We should encourage and welcome the act of obtaining first-hand evidence through archaeological research and reversing the verdict for the ancients, but we don't have to worry about it.

It is also ancient to borrow the ancient to satirize the present. When discussing this kind of scheme, we must think clearly about what the author's argument is, and don't take the wrong side when interpreting it.

Back to a conclusion: many historical problems can not be solved by a good one or a bad one. The line between good and bad is always blurred. Unless black and white are extremely evil and extremely good, the three views are consistent and qualitative no matter how they change. Most of them have room for discussion. Therefore, instead of qualitative judgment, it is better to think about what he did, how he did it, and what he left us.

Finally, let me give you an example. ...

In the late Jin Dynasty, Shi Jingtang betrayed the country and ceded territory to sixteen states, and was the son of the Khitan Devil. His successor, Shi Zhonggui, refused to be called the father of Qidan, and finally died in Qidan, and was also arrested and humiliated outside the Great Wall.

Shi Jingtang belongs to the type that can't be turned over no matter how he changes through three views.

What about Shi Zhonggui? Some people say that he led the Han people in the Central Plains to resist foreigners. Although he was defeated, he was a hero. Someone dug up all kinds of extravagant deeds about him, saying that this man finally became a slave and deserved it.

So you say he's a good guy or a bad guy? Actually, it doesn't make sense!

In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Xue commented mercilessly when compiling the History of the Old Five Dynasties: "... although Shi Zhonggui was not blessed by heaven, he was also arrogant and extravagant, and he was entrusted with an inhuman position, so he deserved to be bullied by dogs. Finally, he was forced to travel to Wan Li, and was taken to a barren land by foreigners, leaving him old and poor. Since ancient times, the ugliness of national subjugation has never been like him. After a thousand years, future generations will be ashamed of this! "

That's good. As a result, how were the last two emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty captured by the rulers to hold sheep as gifts more than 0/00 years after Xue's death? ! This is almost a performance of what Xue said!

Today, if we are obsessed with whether Shi Zhonggui is a good person or a bad person, we will specifically turn over his conviction and spray each other, without thinking about what Shi Zhonggui did in the post-Jin and Liao wars. So what's the difference between us and the last two captured emperors in the Northern Song Dynasty? !