The earliest written records related to "Gu Yue" involved "Yu Yue", which was the predecessor of Yue State in the Spring and Autumn Period and existed as early as Shang Dynasty. Although it didn't take part in the Crusade of King Wu, it was at least a guest of Zhou Chengwang in the north. When the country expanded to Gou Jian (500 BC), he tried to expand northward, and once went north along the coast of Jiangsu to Jiaozhou Bay. The relationship between the early ancient Yue nationality and the Han nationality was mainly in trade. The Vietnamese exchanged luxury goods such as ivory, tortoise shell, jade, rhinoceros horn, osmanthus and fragrant wood for silk and handicrafts in the north (Zhong Lunna 2004).

From the end of the Spring and Autumn Period to the beginning of the Warring States Period, the Yue nationality once established a powerful Yue state in the present Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, which lasted for eight generations 160 years. Alliance with the countries in the Central Plains at that time, regarding the Jianghuai area as the "overlord" (see "Gou Jian"; Chen Guoqiang, 2000). Some scholars believe that the Yue people are descendants of Yu Xia according to the description of "Gou Jian's family, the King of Yue" in Historical Records. However, Song Shuhua, a China scholar who studies Baiyue nationality, thinks: "Gou Jian's grandfather and her husband have nothing to do with Xia Shaokang's illegitimate child, and their lineage is unclear; Xia Shaokang has been doing business in Zhou for more than 60 generations, and their lineages differ by nearly 1000 years. It is hard to believe that Gou Jian, the King of Yue, is a descendant of Xia Shaokang "(quoted from Gong Peihua, nd). In addition, Song Shuhua also thinks that Xia culture is completely different from Yue culture, because: "Indo-pottery culture has never been found in Xia people's active areas, and Erlitou culture has never been found in the areas where Indo-pottery is popular" (quoted from Gong Peihua nd).

In 333 BC, Chu Weiwang led an army to attack Yue State, defeated Yue State and seized the land of wuyue. Since then, the Vietnamese people have dispersed to the south and divided into many branches. So from this time on, a new title "Baiyue" appeared in literature. In the late Warring States period, besides Baiyue, there was also the name of "Yangyue", that is, the Yue nationality in Yangzhou. Yangzhou includes Huainan, the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the eastern part of Lingnan, and sometimes the whole Lingnan area. Therefore, YueYang is actually another general term for Yue people from the Warring States to the Qin and Han Dynasties (Dong Wang 2003,3; Chen Guoqiang, 2000).

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, related historical records generally referred to all ethnic groups in southern China as "Yue ethnic group", which was called "Hu in the north and Yue in the south". Due to historical development and changes, at the latest in the early Han Dynasty, Baiyue nationality has gradually formed several powerful and obvious parts, namely "East Ou" (East China Sea), "Fujian Yue", "South Yue", "West Ou" and "Luoyue". Dongou is in Wenzhou area in the south of Zhejiang Province. Fujian and Vietnam are in Fuzhou, Fujian today; South Vietnam is now Guangdong province, and later developed to Guangxi and the south; Xi Europe is probably distributed in today's western Guangdong, southern Guangxi and southern regions; Luo (pheasant) is mainly distributed in northern Vietnam today. These parts all formed the political center of the region at that time, such as Wu Zhu, the founding monarch of Fujian and Vietnam, Qi Yao, the founding monarch of the East China Sea, and Zhao Tuo, the king of South Vietnam, all of which were all powerful in a short time (Chen Guoqiang 2000).

The political centers established by these Yue ethnic groups were later conquered by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and changed to counties of the Han Dynasty. Since then, the name Baiyue has disappeared from history, and the name of Yue nationality is also rare (Chen Guoqiang 2000).