The oldest snowboards in the world were found in Karufrescu, Finland and Haoting, Sweden. According to the charcoal powder, it is a work before 2500 BC. The snowboards found in Kalufrescu, Finland are very similar to those worn by Wolu, the winter god in fairy tales. One board is narrow and long (2-3 meters) for sliding, and the other board is wide and short, with fur on the sliding surface for walking. According to the survey, the oldest snowshoe (a tool for walking in the snow) was worn by Eskimos in Canada and Siberia in the permafrost snow.
In the 7th 7- 10/0th century BC, the Tang Dynasty in China recorded that "there are people riding wooden horses in the northern neighboring countries", which is the earliest written record about skiing in the world. There is also a description of gliding in Shan Hai Jing. The oldest legend of skiing is in the stories of northern European countries such as ancient Norway, about the ski goddess Voru and Andreas, who are called "winter gods". They often travel to and from the hillside in the ski equipment with a curved front end. Herod uz, an ancient Greek historian, wrote, "In the north, there is Apophis that can fly like an arrow." . Another historian's document, The Works of sculli Duffner, records the skiing situation of the oldest Feynman competition. The ancient Romans used horse-drawn sledges and chariots to pull sledges. The Germans in ancient Rome called the northerners in Finland "Finns riding skis". In the 8th century, the ancient Roman rumba merchants interpreted the word "Skith" as "jumping", saying that "people wear wooden boards bent like bows and jump forward to hunt wild animals". The world's first printed book with ski illustrations was published in16th century. Two of them recorded the important role that skiers played in two crises in Norway and Sweden. The first story describes 1205 loyalists of King Birkenbeina, Toru Stern Shebra and Shelfaro. Scacca was surrounded by the enemy. They sailed long distances along the coast and rescued two-year-old princes Hakan and Hammarson, who later became the founding kings. At that time, the royal nobles, including Kang, wore "birch leather shoes" to prevent their feet from freezing. According to this story, starting from 1932, Norway holds "Biergbieyilu Lianneka" every year. Skiers from all over the world take part in the snow marathon that slides 50 kilometers on steep slopes with 5.5 kilograms of food and appliances. In this way, the whole country celebrated the National Day, which was born in misery. Another story is that 1522, King Custa Puberta of Sweden fled from the village of Scheilian on the Norwegian border to his place in order to get rid of the Finnish army. After the victory of the war, Bertha became king of Sweden. In order to commemorate the victory in the national disaster, from 1922 onwards, a world-wide long-distance skiing "Bosaro Competition" will be held here every year, with each participant skiing 85 miles. In recent years, more and more people have participated in this cross-country marathon skiing competition in the world. 1969 Only 945 people participated in the first Siegel Ski Marathon held in Chamonix, France. Seven years later, more than 1 10,000 people participated. Skiing was also recorded in Devon, Scotland in the16th century. "Before the railway appeared, miners in Vedel wore skis to work. The book "Glory of the Principality of Canolla" records that people wear skis to guard the territory. These records are only fragments and backgrounds of skiing in history, but they also prove that ancient skiing equipment was an indispensable means of transportation for ancient people to hunt, nomadic and all kinds of labor activities in the snow, thus going through its long historical process.
Skiing was used in the history of war. Norwegians have long used skiing for war, whether they are skilled or not. For example, in A.D. 1200, during the Oslo War, King Sfali of Norway scouted the Swedes and let the scouts master skiing skills. 1452 Swedes also used skiing in the war. From 14 to 18 century, skiing was used in wars in Finland, Norway, Poland, Russia and Sweden. 17 19, the Norwegian army learned skiing from farmers and hunters, and formed the first skiing force. 17 18, the small Swedish army that entered Norway was wiped out in the snow by the Norwegian army because it did not master skiing.
During the First World War, the military ski troops developed rapidly, such as the alpine ski troops established by France, Germany and Austria, and the ski troops established by Britain in the Sixth York Army during the Inmans War.
The earliest skiing monograph is the first skiing guide written by Kapit Jansemhausen of Trenkhan, Norway, 1733. Skiing really attracted people's attention, starting with the adventure of Flicheau Nansen181888 published in 2009.
The earliest ski club in the world is 186 1, which is established every year in Cuihaner, Norway. 1877, Norway established the National Kulastiani Ski Club. 1883, the Norwegian national organization "Norwegian Ski Federation" was formally established. In the same year, cross-country and ski jumping competitions were held in Haas White Mountain. The first ski club in Britain was established in Paterson, New Hampshire on 1877. The first national organization was also established in Great Britain in 1903, and was replaced by the British Ski Federation in 1964.
The earliest ski school in the world was founded by Yao Jiesi and Jill Rimstway in 1879. In the same year, the first ski club in Sweden was established, and an important ski competition was held in Finland for the first time. By 19 16, an Austrian officer, Tan Linfield, organized a military ski school to systematically teach brake turning, Kuxiang Liszty Yani and Telmark turning.
The earliest folk competition was 1843, a cross-country skiing competition held in Lunmusong, Norway. 1867 in California, USA, 12-foot long boards are used, and only leather toe belts are used in straight downhill races. In the same year, Norway also organized a team skiing competition and rewarded it with money.
1877 After the birth of the Koulis Yani Ski Club in Kuristiani, Norway (now Oslo, Norway), two years later, a large-scale national competition was held at the Hollmen Keren Snow Resort in Hasbaishan, Kuristiani, officially launching the Nordic mixed skiing. At that time, the King of Norway and more than 10,000 spectators visited the game. This conference jumped out of the record of 23 meters of snow for the first time. By 1892, the sports meeting will be held in Kuolin Mountain, holman.
1879 A skiing competition was also held outside Stockholm, Sweden. Skiers take the snow-covered lake as the venue and slide down the shore of the lake. The fastest one wins. They also held technical competitions around the flagpole and held skiing performances. The first skiing competition between China and Europe was held in Austria on 1893. The downhill route is about 700 meters, and the Norwegian Simson was blocked from winning the championship. At that time, the congress built a six-meter platform with snow. 1902, Switzerland held its first skiing competition, and in the same year Ingram Club also held a skiing competition. 1903, the first British skiing competition was held in Adelburton. "Alpine skiing competition in public schools", skating and sledding were also included in the competition. 1904 held the first English club competition. In Rick Moss in the same year, it was stipulated that the downhill elevation difference was 500 feet (152 meters) and the line length was 1000 feet (305 meters). 1906, Akademisky Ski Club in Munich, Germany, planned to hold five trophy races, which were postponed due to the turmoil of World War I, and then held in Harroberts, Kanda, on 19 1 1. The event is to cross the Pulan and Maud glaciers, and then slide 400 feet to the finish line. Most of the time is spent crossing the river, and the first place is 6 1 minute.
192165438+1October 6-7, the British Ski Championship was held in Stodiger, Switzerland. Adopt the slewing technology on the downhill line. 1923 Muyun Ski Race listed slewing as an independent event. In the same year, a women's ski club was established. 1924, the International Skiing Federation was established, with Swedish Holmkvist as the first chairman. In the same year, the world alpine skiing downhill and slalom competition was held in Mu Yun for the first time, and A. Gertsky won the championship. 1924 (in the same year) held the first winter Olympic Games in Chamonix, France, and skiing stepped onto the international stage.
At the first Winter Olympic Games, Nordic events were held. Alpine skiing joined the 4th Winter Olympic Games on 1936. In the early world competitions, most of the gold medals in Nordic events were won by Norway, Finland, Sweden and other countries. For example, in the first Winter Olympics, Kurt Haug of Norway won three championships by himself. By the seventh Winter Olympics in 1956, the Soviet Union participated, which broke the situation that the Nordic team unified the snowfield. In alpine skiing, the gold medals are concentrated in Charles of Austria and Kelly of France. Alpine skiing has risen in France since the 1930s. By the time of 1960 Winter Olympics in Botiro, Chile, France had won 18 of the 24 gold medals. Among the female athletes, Koren of Germany is outstanding. He won the world championship from 1934- 1939 for four consecutive years. At the same time, Frenchman Arons monopolized all the gold medals in downhill, slalom and alpine all-around at the Chamonix conference in 1937. By 1956- 1958, the Austrian saiqin won seven gold medals and performed the famous Wade's new technology theory (snake swing) at the conference. Later, Switzerland, Germany, Italy, the United States and other countries near the foothills of the Alps broke the monopoly of one country and one person. At the 1 1 Winter Olympic Games held in Sapporo, Japan in 1972, Japanese athletes such as Gu Li won the top three in 70-meter platform skiing and squeezed into the advanced ranks of skiing events in the world. 1980 Lake Placid 13 Olympic Games and 1984 Sarajevo 14 Olympic Games fully show that the skiing strength of all countries in the world is close. Among them, Austria, Switzerland, West Germany, Liechtenstein, France, Italy, the United States and other countries are good at alpine skiing, while Finland, the Soviet Union, Norway, East Germany and other countries are more prominent in platform jumping, cross-country, biathlon and sledding.
In the world skiing competition, besides the four-year Winter Olympics, there are also the World Championships and the World Cup. The World Championship was held in Johannes Bader, Skovak, Czech Republic on 1925, and held once a year thereafter. During the suspension after World War II, it was held every other year after the resumption of the competition in 1948. In the Olympic year, it will be replaced by Olympic achievements. The first World Cup was held in Botiro, Chile from 65438 to 0967. Alpine skiing and cross-country skiing are held separately. Alpine skiing is a continuous competition all over the world from February 65438 to March of the following year. According to the comprehensive results of many competitions, the champion of the cup was selected.