Immediately, Yin Zhen ascended the throne, becoming the fifth emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the third emperor after Beijing was its capital. As soon as the news came out, doubts were heard inside and outside the palace, and everyone questioned the legitimacy of Yin Zhen's accession to the throne.
Although there are not many reasons for questioning, they are sufficient.
On the one hand, no one was present when the will was executed.
Kangxi died in Changchun Garden, but the imperial edict handed down is Gan Qing Palace (Forbidden City), which is17km away. At that time, eldest brother Zhang and all the princes (except fourteen sons) were around Kangxi.
If it is fair, it should be Zhang Yuting, Longkeduo and other etiquette, and go to the Qing palace with you princes to get the testamentary edict and notarize it on the spot.
In fact, however, only Roncodo went to Gan Qing Palace alone, got it and sent it to Changchun Garden. In the whole process, no monarch was present, and no court official was present.
This shows that Yongzheng's accession to the throne is an opaque black-box operation, which does not rule out the possibility of forging wills and decrees in advance and usurping power.
Question 2: Long Keduo is highly valued.
After Yongzheng acceded to the throne, Longkeduo, as a key figure, immediately rose in status. Yongzheng appointed him and Ma Qi, a college student, to be in charge of the state affairs, attack the first-class public, and grant the official department ministers, which was the same for a while. Yongzheng did not call Longkeduo by his first name, but called him uncle, which is unique in history of qing dynasty.
In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), Yongzheng also named Nian Gengyao, governor of Longkeduo and Sichuan and Shaanxi, as Pacific Insurance. Nian Gengyao, on the other hand, was recognized as a loyal minister of Yongzheng, and he also made great contributions to Yongzheng's seizure of power.
After Yongzheng acceded to the throne, he recalled his powerful competitors, General Fuyuan and Yun Chan, the 14th May, to Beijing, and Nian Gengyao took over the military power to stabilize the overall situation.
It can be seen that Longkodo played a key role in Yongzheng's accession to the throne, and the authenticity of Kangxi's will became more and more suspicious.
Question 3: Yongzheng sent someone to intercept the important documents on May 14.
On the second day after Kangxi's death, Yongzheng deprived May 14th of his military power. Not only that, Yongzheng also asked General Ping Inverse to rush to Ganzhou, "collecting and sealing all the memorials of General Wang, all the letters of Zhu Pi and the letters of the Yi family, and then playing them."
In other words, let Yan Xin seal up all the letters between Lao Fourteen and Kangxi, and bring them to Beijing to personally give them to Yongzheng, "to play before the capital".
I'll be angry if I don't hand it all over.
Yongzheng was so eager to collect the memorials of Yi Yin and Kangxi, and his intention was obvious. He was worried that Yi Yin would bring those memorials to Beijing, because those memorials, letters and documents might contain evidence that the biography of Kangxi was located in Yi Yin.
Not only that, Yongzheng also sent his cronies to lead the troops to search and block two routes that Yi Yin's family might pass, in case they brought important documents back to Beijing.
Question 4. Brother 14th overreacted.
After arriving in Beijing, 14-year-old Yin Gui was very angry with her fourth brother who had become emperor.
When paying homage to Kangxi's coffin at Shouhuang Temple in Jingshan, he refused to kneel when he saw Yongzheng. Seeing this deadlock, the bodyguard Lacey hurried forward to hold him, and Yi Yin flew into a rage.
Lao Fourteen and Yongzheng were born of the same mother. Even though they once fought fiercely for the throne, the battle for official position has been settled, and the old fourteenth has lost the military power. Generally speaking, he shouldn't be so angry.
Besides, Kangxi's father is the only one who has the right to appoint a successor. Since Kangxi had a testament passed on to the fourth child, he should be willing to "agree". However, in this case, it is really abnormal for the old fourteen to break into a furious rage, scold the guards and not kneel down to Yongzheng.
There are only two explanations for Lao Shi's doing this.
First, he is a headstrong person, careless and brainless. But this statement is not true. When the old fourteen sent his troops into Tibet, he was a general with a heavy burden on his shoulders. We should not only make military decisions and command, deploy troops, arrange for the appointment of generals, ensure the supply of military materials and intelligence collection, but also be responsible for calming and stabilizing the morale of the army, boosting morale, adjusting internal and external contradictions, and uniting the Dalai Lama, Qinghai ministries and other ethnic minorities. How could Kangxi hand over such an important position to a "reckless Zhang Fei"?
In fact, Kangxi trusted fourteen sons very much. He once gave an edict to the Mongolian princes in Qinghai: "General Wang is my prince. He is really a good general, leading the army. He knows that he has the ability to lead troops, so he is responsible for life and death. Your class or military affairs, or details, must follow the instructions of the general king. If you can really encourage me, it is no different from my face-to-face guidance. You should only live in harmony, work hard with one heart and one mind. "
This means that my 14th brother represents me, and whatever he says, you must obey unconditionally.
It can be seen that Yin Gui's position in the mind of Emperor Kangxi is still very high. In this case, Lao Fourteen is by no means a direct gun, but a courageous and resourceful person, otherwise he will not be a strong contender for the throne.
Such a shrewd man should accept the "cruel" reality, take care of the overall situation and recognize the emperor's fourth brother under the fait accompli. But in fact, Lao 14 was crazy, and it was in front of his father's coffin.
There is only one explanation, that is, Lao Si knew that the emperor appointed himself as his successor, and it was Lao Si who did something disgraceful and tampered with the testamentary edict. This made the old fourteen, regardless of the occasion, angry and fired at the fourth brother.
The subtext is: you are too mean, and all wills and decrees are lies.
Question 5: Yongzheng killed the messenger of Kangxi.
Immediately after Yongzheng acceded to the throne, he killed Zhao Chang, the most favored eunuch around Kangxi.
Zhao Chang is three years younger than Kangxi, and he is the haha ? ? bead of Kangxi. In Manchu, the so-called Ha-ha-zhu means my brother's squire boy.
The Qing emperor would choose a little eunuch of similar age for his son to take care of the life of the prince.
Zhao Chang and Kangxi lived and grew up together, and established deep feelings for each other. After Kangxi ascended the throne, he would definitely reuse Zhao Chang.
After Kangxi's death, Zhao Chang was the eunuch in charge of hall of mental cultivation.
Kangxi lived to be 68 years old, and Zhao Chang was in his seventies, a lot of age. People have served Kangxi for decades. Even if you don't need Lao Zhao after Yongzheng acceded to the throne, you should let people spend their old age peacefully. Even if he is at fault, he should deal with it after dealing with major events.
Because Yongzheng, who has just ascended the throne, has too many things to deal with at hand. However, Yongzheng executed this person on the second day of his accession to the throne, which made people puzzled.
The only explanation is that this unfortunate eunuch probably knows who the successor appointed by Kangxi is, and even knows the contents of the testamentary edict, and the successor appointed by Kangxi is likely to be May 14th, not May 4th Yongzheng.
So Yongzheng couldn't wait to get rid of Zhao Chang and kill him.
The above is only speculation that Yongzheng tampered with the testamentary edict, which is not enough as a basis.
For a long time, there is another saying that has been adopted by many TV dramas and novels. That is, Yongzheng added a cross to the word "ten" in "Biography of Fourteen Children" and a hook directly below it. In this way, "passing on fourteen sons" becomes "passing on four sons", and Yongzheng can legitimately inherit the throne.
At first glance, this statement does make sense. So many people think that conspiracy theories have been popular for a long time.
There is a retort that "Yu" is a simplified character and "Yu" is a traditional Chinese character, but Chinese characters were officially simplified in the 1950s after the founding of the People's Republic of China, so it is impossible to use the simplified character "Yu" in the early Qing Dynasty.
In the testamentary edict, it is "Yu" rather than "Yu", and the original text is "in the fourth brother" rather than "in the fourteenth brother".
In fact, this statement does not understand the history of Chinese characters and cannot stand scrutiny.
"Yu" is not a simplified word. It appeared in Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty. "Yu" and "Yu" are common in most cases. In modern vernacular, "Yu" and "Yu" are combined, but it should be noted that "Yu" and "Yu" do not belong to the relationship between simplified and complicated characters, and "Yu" is not a simplified word of "Yu".
There is no stipulation that "Yu" is simplified to "Yu" in the Summary of Simplified Chinese Characters and the General Specification for Chinese Characters. In other words, "Yu" and "Yu" in ancient books are universal, and it is not excluded that the word "Yu" is sometimes used in imperial edicts of the Qing Dynasty.
If the words "Yu" and "Yu" are universal, or the word "Yu" did not exist at that time, can it prove that Yongzheng may have tampered with the testamentary edict?
Neither can i.
Because in the imperial edict, people's names must be written after the prince, for example, to preach fourteen elder brothers, it is necessary to write "preach fourteen elder brothers" in the imperial edict; If it reaches the May 4th Movement, the words "to May 4th Yin Zhen" will appear in the imperial edict.
In other words, it is easy to change from "ten" to "Yu", but it is not easy for you to change it for me.
Is it possible that when Kangxi made his testament, he was old and tired and didn't write his brother's name to save trouble? This is not impossible.
Even if this happens, Yongzheng can't fake it, because Chinese characters are not the only official characters in the Qing Dynasty, and there are two other languages, namely Mongolian and Manchu.
This is because Manchu is the ruler of the Qing Dynasty, and Mongols are the right-hand men to establish the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, in the Qing Dynasty, any official document was written in Chinese, Manchu and Mongolian.
Since the documents are written in Manchu, Mongolian and Chinese, the imperial edict of the Qing Dynasty is naturally written in three languages, and it is impossible to have only Chinese characters. Even if Chinese characters are changed, Mongolian and Manchu are not easy to change.
All the above are reasonable speculations. Whether it has been tampered with or not depends only on the original testament.
After three hundred years of vicissitudes, is Kangxi's suicide note still there?
In the past, most historical materials in China were not open to the public. After the reform and opening-up, Kangxi's testamentary edict was publicly exhibited in China No.1 Historical Archives and Liaoning Provincial Archives.
The appearance of testamentary edict unveiled the mystery of its authenticity.
The Testament of Kangxi, also known as the Testament of Emperor Kangxi, is made in triplicate and kept in the Forbidden City, China No.1 Historical Archives and Liaoning Provincial Archives respectively.
The entire imperial edict is 1.5m long and 0.8m wide. The full text of the imperial edict contains 1700 Chinese characters. Except for the last sentence, which explained the successor, everything else was praised by Emperor Kangxi himself.
We want to find out the truth of succession, without looking at the full text, only at the key parts.
The key part is written as follows: "Yin Zhen, the fourth son of Prince Yong, is of high moral character, and will certainly inherit the Great Unification and my throne ...". There is no such thing as the legendary word "to the fourth son".
But the testamentary edict not only wrote the names of the emperor's four sons, but also wrote the title of Prince Yong.
If it is passed on to the 14th May, the testamentary edict should read "Pass on to the 14th Son of Gushan Beizi Emperor". 14 brother is not even a monarch. You may not believe it when you say it, but it's true, not that he is not favored, but "rules."
In the forty-eighth year of Kangxi (1709), Yin Zhen, the fourth son of the emperor, whose mother was Yin Gui (Wu Yashi, a princess), was named Prince Heshuo Yong.
According to the rules of the Qing court, no matter how many princes a concubine has, she can only have one king. This means that other sons born to German princess Wu Yashi cannot be named as princes, county kings or even Baylor.
Therefore, even though Yin Gui made a great contribution in the northwest and was deeply loved by Kangxi, his title was ultimately a lonely mountain Beizi, and he did not get a higher title.
To sum up, there is no problem of being tampered with by Yongzheng. Just from the testamentary edict, Yongzheng's succession to the throne is legal and just.
Kangxi was the most successful emperor in the Qing dynasty, and his martial arts were very good. He is familiar with conquering Ao Bai, pacifying San Francisco rebellion, recovering Taiwan Province Province and conquering Gordan.
However, no matter how awesome people are, they will get old, and those who get old will be confused. There is no awesome person who does not make mistakes. The biggest mistake made by Emperor Kangxi was to renege on his successor and "three wastes and three stands".
There were many princes in China, but none of them were as chaotic as Kangxi, which was a complete mess.
The reason is not how excellent the princes are, but mainly that Kangxi wavered and his attitude was not firm, which released a wrong signal and made other princes fantasize.
After Emperor Kangxi established his first prince and eldest son, Yin Yong, he should be cultivated unswervingly. This is not to say that the prince can't be abolished, but to be cautious. He is really incompetent and must be abolished.
And Kangxi abolished the government several times, indicating that Yin Yong was just framed, and there was no big mistake.
Without Kangxi's repeated abolition, you princes would not have wild desires, nor would you form a clique for your own selfish interests and make the palace filthy.
Besides, there are many princes, and there will definitely be princelings and non-princelings in the prince's harem.
The prince has become the target of public criticism, and many princes will spare no effort to take him down.
As an emperor, you need to do two things: one is to be strict in discipline, and the other is to unswervingly safeguard the authority of the prince.
As a result, the opposition also died down, feeling that all small moves were in vain.
On the one hand, Kangxi was lax in discipline, on the other hand, he was soft-hearted, listening to the wind was rain, and let the governors play around.
On this point, Kangxi himself admitted.
After his old eight faces were exposed, he also bluntly said: "When I was old and young, Iraq was also protected. Who dares to argue? " So I said I could be safe. "
Kangxi is tantamount to admitting that the Yin people abandoned and re-established, which is a helpless move and an out-and-out faint move.
Kangxi listened to rumors. After the second abolition of the prince, Kangxi did not establish a prince for a long time, which released a clear signal to the princes: everyone was fighting and showing their magical powers. If you play well, the prince's position is yours.
Thus, the battle of "Nine sons seize the office" began.
There are several camps for the official position of Jiuzi:
Chitose's side is headed by Yin Gui, the eldest prince, the Eighth Master's side is headed by Yin Gui, the Third Master's side is fighting alone, and the Fourth Master's side is coming from behind with the Fourth Master's side.
Brother San had no supporters and was soon out.
The eldest prince Yin Ge didn't leave directly, which is hopeless. Later, he lost his temper, cursed Prince Yin Ge, tried to seize the storage space, was beheaded and imprisoned, and withdrew from the competition.
During the whole battle, the Eight Ye Party and the Four Ye Party were evenly matched.
The Eight Ye Party has the strongest lineup, including the old eight, the old ten and the old fourteen.
However, the old Bayi was careless and gave Kangxi a dead eagle. The gutter capsizes, and it is beyond redemption. Although Lao Fourteen didn't participate much, he was at a disadvantage in the game-winning war and lost to Lao Four.
May 4th Movement is very clever. He has been saving his strength and didn't go to the front desk because he knows that trees attract the wind. Moreover, Mei was very disciplined at first and showed no intention of coveting the throne.
As mentioned above, it was precisely because of Kangxi's vacillation that the prince was abolished, which aroused the fighting spirit of the fourth son and made him feel that the position of the prince could be contested. That's why he is gearing up to be the Crown Prince.
Nevertheless, Yin Zhen is very sophisticated, calm and ready to go.
He is not as aggressive, sharp-edged and determined to win as the Eight Ye Party. The strategy adopted is to keep a low profile, calm and calm, step by step, and quietly lay out in the periphery.
Yin Zhen is familiar with history, understands that military power is in hand, forms an alliance with Longkedo and Nian Gengyao, and firmly grasps the military power in the capital and periphery.
Historical lessons have proved that whoever has mastered the military power will win. Besides, it's useless to play any tricks, all times and all over the world.
Even without Kangxi's testamentary edict, with the support of Longkodo, who was in charge of the military power in the capital, he could win the war without any difficulty.
In any case, Yongzheng, who played a connecting role in the "Prosperous Age of Kang and Gan", was not a bad king in terms of its historical position, and the authenticity of the testamentary edict did not seem so important.