The four main reasons for the change of the dynasty, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, begins by saying: "It is said that the general trend of the world will be combined for a long time, and it will be combined for a long time." This seems to be a law that no one can surpass. But look at the history of China, from unification to partition, from partition to unification, or it has changed for hundreds of years or decades. After a long time, it will take a long time, and it will happen. However, why does a good country have to split, or even split? Its internal reasons cannot but attract the attention of rulers of past dynasties and arouse the deep thinking of future generations. Generally speaking, there are four basic reasons for the demise of the old dynasty. First, civil strife. There are also many factors of civil strife. Broadly speaking, civil strife can be identified as chaos within the imperial court, such as the chaos of party struggle, such as the contradiction between kingship and relative power. In a narrow sense, the so-called civil strife is mainly the chaos of the imperial court. The chaos in the palace is caused by the excessive power of the prince, the collusion between the imperial palace and the consorts, and the chaos caused by the eunuch's power, but the most important thing is that the emperor himself is groggy and incompetent, or the chaos between the imperial palace and the country caused by the abuse of tyranny. In the history of China, there are the most historical facts of dynasty change caused by the chaos of the palace. Some people even say that the Western Han Dynasty died of consorts, the Eastern Han Dynasty died of eunuchs, and the Tang Dynasty died of eunuchs and separatist regimes. Therefore, since the Song Dynasty, special attention has been paid to the chaos in the imperial palace, and the behavior of eunuchs and consorts has been strictly restrained, so that there can be no deviant things. The irony of history, however, is that you can control eunuchs, but you can't control yourself. After all, it was the emperor himself who pushed himself into the abyss of extinction. In this sense, the so-called "saying the general trend of the world, long-term division will be combined, long-term division will be divided" can also be considered, "saying the general trend of the world, long-term chaos will be cured, long-term chaos will be cured." Second, political power. This regime is the warlord regime. There was a warlord regime at the end of Qin dynasty, but it was slightly different from the later situation. Because most of the warlords at that time had titles, they first sealed the princes and then set up their own homes. However, there is a strong demand for unity in society, so although there is a separatist regime, it cannot last long, and chaos will arise in chaos and move toward great governance. The Eastern Han Dynasty also died in a separatist regime, which became a major social problem. The so-called "warlord regime, chaos in the world" is a vivid portrayal of the Three Kingdoms era. The Tang dynasty also died in the separatist regime. After the An Shi Rebellion, the authority of the emperor was not what it used to be. The local warlords became more and more powerful, and their relationship with the imperial court was harmonious, which finally got out of hand, resulting in the chaos like the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. The separatist regime mainly reflected the contradiction between kingship and military power. Therefore, in the Song Dynasty, soldiers were particularly vigilant and took various measures, such as the highest military attache was a civilian, the military inspector system was implemented, and senior officers were mobilized regularly, so that soldiers could not know officials, and officials could not know soldiers. There was no separatist regime in the Song Dynasty, that is, when the Northern Song Dynasty died and the Southern Song Dynasty was unstable, the armies of Han Shizhong, Yue Fei and Liu Qi were still under strict control under the leadership and supervision of the imperial court. Therefore, although Yue Jiajun is famous, it is not difficult for the emperor to kill Yue Fei. The phenomenon of separatist regime did not rise again until the end of Ming dynasty, and then formed a new historical situation in the Republic of China. Third, the uprising. Uprising is mainly peasant uprising. The peasant uprising has been going on for several generations, but the scale is different. A peasant uprising can lead to the demise of the dynasty, so the rulers of all dynasties hated it. Seeing the rebels as bandits, we must kill them and then quickly. But in fact, it is not easy to suppress the peasant uprising. The situation of peasant uprising is different. Therefore, judging from its motive, it must be painful for the rulers to annihilate any uprising, and judging from its effect, even if they try their best to suppress it, they may not succeed. Therefore, there are both extinction and cure, and soft and hard are used alternately. Fourth, border troubles. Border trouble is a big problem that has not really been completely solved since the Western Zhou Dynasty. The move of Zhou Wangdong was related to the border dispute. Later, during the Warring States period, northern governors began to build the Great Wall. Qin Shihuang unified the six countries and then built the Great Wall to unify Wan Li, which was also related to the border disaster. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty conquered the Huns eight times, which was actually a border war. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, kissing and reconciliation really worked. But when the rulers entered, the north was in chaos again, so the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Antagonism, Biandi and Qiangwu were all in chaos, which became an extremely tragic historical period in the ancient history of China. Border troubles did not cause great harm in the Tang Dynasty, but became the hatred of national subjugation in the Song Dynasty and the hatred of national subjugation in the Ming Dynasty. The frontier fortress problem has been fully reflected in China's ancient novels. The popularity of Yang Jiajiang, Yue Quanzhuan and other books are all related to border troubles. The above four kinds of chaos do not exist in isolation, but interact with each other. Border troubles are related to peasant uprisings, which is proved by the experience of national subjugation in the Ming Dynasty. The separatist regime is also related to the peasant uprising, which is proved by the experience of national subjugation in the Tang Dynasty. No matter peasant uprising, separatist regime or border troubles, they are all related to civil strife, which is proved by the experience of changing dynasties in previous dynasties. From this point of view, although national political events are big, it should be a folk saying that flies don't bite unfinished eggs. If your emperor is good, there is nothing wrong with the state machine itself, and it works normally or relatively normally, then the peasant uprising will not happen, and even if it does, it will not shake the foundation of the country; Separatism will not happen naturally, and it is easy to correct if it happens. That kind of situation, just as Emperor Kangxi put down the San Francisco rebellion. So the trouble at the border will not be a big problem, because you are tough and I am tougher. You can make trouble and want to destroy our country, but you can't. The result is like the northern expedition of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, which not only drove the Huns to Mobei, but also drove them to Europe, thus ushered in a calm border situation for the Han Dynasty. In fact, the four chaos began with a chaos. Chaos is civil strife. Civil strife originated from the emperor, either because he was incompetent or fatuous, or because he was a tyrant himself, or because he was too young to be in power, or because he chose the wrong successor.

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