Apollo was born in Zizhou (present-day Sichuan).
As a former right gleaner, he was later called Chen gleaner.
When he was a teenager, Chen Ziang's family was rich and generous to Ren Xia.
As an adult, I began to study hard, read widely and be good at writing.
At the same time, he cares about state affairs and demands political achievements.
24 years old, a scholar, promoted to the right, dare to speak.
When Wu Zetian was in power, she was clean and cruel, killing innocent people.
He is not afraid of persecution and has written many times to advise him.
Wu Zetian plans to dig Shu Mountain and attack Qiang people through Yazhou Road. He also wrote against it and advocated sharing interest with the people.
His remarks are relatively straightforward, often not adopted, and he was once jailed because of the involvement of "anti-Party" in framing Wu Zetian.
In 686, he went to Juyanhai and Zhangye River in the northwest with the army of Zuobuqiao Zhi Zhi.
Long live the first year (696), Li, a Khitan loyal to Sun Wanrong, defected and went to Jian 'an with the army.
Joining the army twice made him have a deeper understanding of the frontier situation and the lives of local people.
In the first year of the solar calendar (698), my father died shortly after being dismissed.
During the funeral service, Wu Sansi, the powerful minister, ordered Duan Jian of Shehong County to be prosecuted and died in prison (Shen Yazhi's Letter to Zheng Shijun from Jiujiang).
The literary creation of poems in the early Tang Dynasty followed the habits of the Six Dynasties and had an exquisite style. Chen Ziang stepped forward and tried to reverse this tendency.
In the article Zhu Xiupian and the Preface of Zuo's Family in Eastern Jin Dynasty, he lamented that "Han and Wei were strong and heroic, but Jin and Song did not make a biography"; Criticize "the poems between Qi and Liang Dynasties, although beautiful and complicated, are absolutely vulgar".
He called Qiu, an American oriental, "The Ode to a Lonely Tong" heroic, full of ups and downs, bright and bright, and rich in gold. "I don't want to start the voice, but I can see it again, which can make the Jian' an authors smile at each other. "
These remarks show that he asked poetry to inherit the fine tradition of "taste both refined and popular" in the Book of Songs, which has comparative hope and political and social content; At the same time, it is necessary to restore the style of Jian 'an and Huang Chu, that is, the expression of thoughts and feelings is clear, the language is abrupt and vigorous, and a distinctive and vigorous style is formed, sweeping away the magnificent poetic style since the Six Dynasties.
His poetry creation is the concrete practice of this progressive proposition.
There are more than 65,438,000 existing poems in Chen Ziang, of which 38 are the most representative, and 7 are presented to Lu Jushi for collection in Qiu Ji, on the Youzhou Tower.
The poem "Feeling" is not a work in one place at a time, but it is rich in content and reflects a broader social life and complex thoughts and feelings.
Among them, such as Cang Dingling fortress and Chao Ruyun Zhong Jun reflect the sufferings of the soldiers and civilians in the northern frontier.
The article Ding Hai is in his twilight years reflects and criticizes Wuhou's plan to dig Shu Mountain and attack Qiang by Yazhou Road, and the article Saints are not selfish criticizes Wuhou's worship of Buddhism and great construction, which has strong practical significance.
Articles such as "Noble people are hard to be proud" and "Jade Nest in the South China Sea" satirize the excessive punishment of Wuhou in a tortuous way, so that its officials will not die a natural death; The article "It's been a long time" states that the minister of bone and bone has no way out; The article "Spring and Summer of Lan Ruosheng" laments that one's ambition cannot be displayed, and criticizes current politics from different angles.
There are also some poems that lament the impermanence of fortune, yearn for immortal seclusion, and show the depressed mood of passive seclusion.
The poem "Feeling" consciously studied Ruan Ji's "Poem of Ode to the Heart", and expressed the darkness of current politics and the poet's wandering and depressed mood in a subtle and tortuous way with five-word archaic and simple language, which was really close to Ruan Ji's.
However, there are also a few people who pay attention to the frontier fortress scenery and the sufferings of the lower class, and their styles are bold and distinctive, showing distinct creativity.
Seven poems, Qiu Ji Poetry and Youzhou Tower Poetry, were written by Chen Ziang during Wu Youyi's northern expedition to Qidan.
Chen Ziang made suggestions to the military under the curtain of Wu Youyi, but his many suggestions were not adopted. Frustrated and bored, he wrote seven poems "Visiting Ancient Jiyu Mountain" for his good friend Lu Zangyong, and expressed his grief by chanting ancient things in the northern area of Jiyu.
"There are trees all over the mountain, and Wang Zhao is here!" (Yan Zhaowang) The memory of Corporal Li Xian's Yan Zhaowang is actually lamenting that he has not met a bosom friend at present.
At the same time, on the tower of Youzhou, there is a song that has been sung for a long time, which reads: "Where are the years that have passed before me?" Behind me, where are the future generations? .
I think of heaven and earth, there is no limit, there is no end, I am alone, tears fell down! "This is also a pitch at all times and in all countries, which expresses his deep sorrow and indignation in a broad background.
Qing Weng Fanggang said: "Apollo's Qiu Ji Guangu is full, but Liu Yueshi (Liu Kun) is not reduced" (Zhou Shi Shi Hua), and pointed out the characteristics of these chapters' generous elegies.
He also wrote some pretty good lyric short stories.
For example, Five Laws, Late Music Country County, Crossing Jingmen and Looking at Chu, Farewell to Friends in Spring Night, Sending David to Join the Army, etc. are all lyrical, vivid in image, clear in syllables and vigorous in style, showing the characteristics of modern poetry approaching maturity and his own vigorous and powerful poetic style.
Fang Hui thinks that his five laws are comparable to those of Shen Quanqi, Song and Du Fu in the same period, and they are all "the founders of Famen" in the Tang Dynasty (Ying Sui).
Chen Ziang's poetry creation has made great achievements in the reform of Tang poetry.
Lu Zang once said that he "controlled waves".
The world suddenly changed "(preface to Chen Boyu's collected works).
Liu song kezhuang's "Hou Cun Shi Hua" said: "In the early Tang Dynasty, Wang, Yang, Shen and Song were good at names, but they did not get rid of the wind of Qi Liang, only picked up the wind and advocated elegance and lightness.
Sweep away the exquisiteness of the Six Dynasties, and prefer Huang Chu and Jian 'an.
"Jin Yuanhao asked" On Poetry "also said:" Shen Song crossed the field of calligraphy, and did not waste Qi Liang at the beginning of his romantic life.
On merits and demerits, if we take Wu as an example, we will co-write Jin Ang.
Everyone praised him as a pioneer in the innovation of Tang poetry.
However, some of his poems still have some shortcomings, such as boring language and lifeless images.
Chen Ziang's poems, with their progressive and substantial ideological content and simple and vigorous language style, have exerted great influence on the whole Tang poetry.
Later, Zhang Jiuling's poem "Feeling" and Li Bai's "Ancient Style" all took his poem "Feeling" as the study object.
Du Fu spoke highly of him: "After the male gave birth to a horse, he became famous.
..... Loyalty is finally established, and "feeling" has a heritage.
"("Chen Picked up the Hometown ") Du Fu's many poems about the state and people's livelihood are obviously influenced by him.
Bai Juyi's "Nine Books with Yuan Dynasty" and Yuan Zhen's "Storing Poems for Happy Days" both talked about their efforts to write satirical poems, which were inspired by Chen Ziang's "feeling" poems.
Bai Juyi also compared Chen Ziang and Du Fu, saying, "Du Fu and Chen Ziang are both famous in the world.
"("at the beginning of grant ")
Chen Ziang's prose is also famous. He was the forerunner of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty.
The Biography of Chen Ziang in the New Tang Dynasty said: "Tang Xing, the article inherited Yu Xu's legacy, and the ancestors in the world respected him, and the descendants became elegant and upright.
"His prose, although mixed with some parallel prose, is generally simple and generous, close to the ancient prose of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, which changed the style of writing in the early Tang Dynasty.
China ancient Tang writers often spoke highly of his prose.
For example, George W. Shi Ying thinks that "Ziang's style of writing is the most correct recently" (quoted from Li Hua's "Preface to Xiaoshi English Collection"); Liang Su said that "prosperity is elegant" ("preface to Li Ji"); Han Yu said that "the country prospers articles (including poems), and children begin to dance high" (the poem "Recommended Scholars"); Liu Zongyuan also said that writing is not as good as writing, that is, both writing and poetry are equally important. The author is rare and beautiful, and he is a "person who chooses but doesn't care" (preface to Yang's Commentary Collection).
However, his prose achievements are not as outstanding as his poems.
After Chen Ziang's death, his friend Lu Zangyong compiled the 10 volume for this episode and research materials.
The Collected Works of Chen Boyu was edited by later generations.
This book contains 10 volumes of the Collected Works of Chen Boyu edited by Yang Cheng during the reign of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty, and is accompanied by the New Tang Book and other related materials.
Copy the four series here.
Universal Library has made many revisions according to the Ming and Qing editions.
Today, Xu Peng collates the Collection of Chen Ziang, which is based on four series, and there are also books such as Complete Tang Poems, Complete Tang Poems and Wenyuan Huaying. , more than 65,438+00 poems have been added, making it a relatively complete book with Luo Yong's Chronicle of Chen Ziang.
Today, Peng Qingsheng has notes on Chen Ziang's poems, followed by his Chen Ziang Chronicle and various scholars' comments.
Cen is the author of Chen Ziang's Deeds and Collected Works (attached with the first and second issues, volume 14).
(Selected from China Literature Volume, Encyclopedia of China, China Encyclopedia Publishing House, 1998 edition)
In addition, after the four outstanding poets, the poet who stood up against the rule of Qi Liang's poetic style with a firmer attitude and showed a distinct creative spirit in theory and creative practice was Chen Ziang.
Chen Ziang (66 1-702) was born in Shehong (now Shehong County, Sichuan Province).
Have a chivalrous and romantic character since childhood.
When I was a teenager, I studied behind closed doors, read hundreds of classics and history, and set up great political ambitions.
At the age of twenty-four, he raised a scholar and wrote a letter on politics, which was highly valued by Wuhou. He was appointed as Lin Taizheng, and then moved to the right to pick up.
On the one hand, he supported Wu Hou's political reform, on the other hand, he repeatedly criticized Wu Hou's unreasonable shortcomings.
At the age of 26 and 36, he joined the army twice and put forward some far-sighted suggestions on border defense military issues.
The last time I left the fortress, I was rejected because I disagreed with the general Wu Youyi.
Thirty-eight years later, he resigned and went home.
Finally, Wu Sansi ordered Duan Jian, the county magistrate, to persecute and unjustly die in prison.
Chen Ziang's thought is very complicated. He is good at crossing Ren Xia, but the Confucian spirit of statecraft is still the dominant aspect of his thoughts.
From many of his political essays, we can see his foresight in understanding national security and his enthusiasm for caring about people's sufferings.
For example, in the recitation of "Shang Chuan An", he was worried about the invasion of Qiang people, expressed deep sympathy for the unemployed and fleeing Sichuan people, and angrily accused officials of greed, embezzlement and deprivation of people.
His lectures and political comments were quoted four or five times in Zi Tong Zhi Jian.
Wang Fuzhi's Zi Zhi Tong Jian thinks that Chen Ziang is not only a scholar's choice, but also a minister's material, which is completely correct.
His political enthusiasm is the driving force of his poetry innovation.
In the famous Preface to Raising Bamboo, Chen Ziang once put forward the positive proposition of poetry innovation:
Oriental Princess Gorge: The article is flawed, 500 years old, Han Wei style, Jin and Song Mo biography, but the literature is acceptable.
In his spare time, the servant tasted the poems between Qi and Liang, full of colorful and complicated poems, but he was absolutely willing to send them. Every time I sigh through the ages, I often fear decadence and elegance when I think about the past.
Yesterday, I saw the "Three Lonely Tung Fu", which is full of vigor and vitality, full of sound and emotion, brilliant, and trained in gold.
Then decorate your vision with your heart and play the melancholy down.
I don't want to start the sound, but I will see it again; Can make Jian' an authors smile at each other.
……
In the history of the development of Tang poetry, Chen Ziang's prose is like a declaration, which marks the innovation and transformation of the poetic style in the Tang Dynasty.
As we all know, Liu Xie and Zhong Rong opposed the poetic style of the Southern Dynasties and once held high the tradition of Bi Xing and Feng Gu.
Wang Bo opposed the style of court poetry before and after The Dragon, and accused them of being "spineless and lifeless".
Chen Ziang inherited their thoughts, pointedly pointed out that the poetic style of Qi Liang worshipped by the court poets in the early Tang Dynasty was "colorful but not vulgar", and pointed out that the glorious traditions of "elegance and vulgarity" and "Han Wei style" were pioneer examples of creation, which realized the real innovation of poetry content under the banner of advocating retro.
The attitude is very firm, the flag is very clear, and the call is very strong.
"Ji Xing" and "Feng Gu" are the primary issues related to the life of poetry.
The essence of "good luck" is to require poetry to carry forward the tradition of criticizing reality and has a distinct political tendency.
The essence of "style" requires poetry to have noble and rich thoughts and feelings and rich and substantial realistic content.
Judging from the situation at that time, only by realizing the real innovation of content can poetry undertake the mission of the times.
At the same time, we should also see that due to the active efforts of the "four great poets" and other poets, new styles of Tang poetry have emerged, people are increasingly dissatisfied with the style of court poetry after Qi and Liang Dynasties, and the time for poetry innovation is more mature.
Chen Ziang's innovative proposition at this time has not only theoretical significance, but also practical significance; It not only attacked the stale poetic style, but also opened the way for the new poets and poetic styles that were budding and growing at that time.
Chen Ziang's poetry creation clearly and powerfully embodies his innovative ideas.
Thirty-eight Love Poems is the main work that embodies this innovative spirit.
These poems were not written at the same time. Some satirize reality, feel current events, and some express their life experiences and ideals.
The content is broad and rich, and the thoughts are also contradictory and complicated.
First of all, it is worth noting those frontier poems with strong realistic colors, such as:
Facing Yunzhong County, looking north at Khan Taiwan.
Hu Qin is so close to you, and Sha Shuo is so energetic! Born in Tianjiaozi, madness is back.
The castle wall is unknown and the pavilion is empty.
Duh, why do I sigh? People are drawing grass.
This is his work when he began to explore the north. In the poem, he expressed deep indignation at the incompetence of the generals and the continuous violation of the border people by the Hu people.
In the article "The North Wind Blows the Sea Trees" written during his expedition to Youzhou, he also expressed deep sympathy for the suppression of patriotic enthusiasm of frontier fortress soldiers.
The article "Clouds and Dusks at the Age of Ding Hai" more clearly reveals the militaristic behavior of Wuhou attacking Tubo through Shushan.
These contents have initially broken through the pan-imitation atmosphere of traditional frontier poems on ancient themes.
He also satirized the shortcomings of Wuhou's internal affairs.
In the poem "Saints don't care about themselves", he accused Wuhou of carving Buddha statues and building Buddhist temples, wasting manpower and material resources to kill Buddha.
In the poem "It's hard to be proud of a noble man", he even bravely satirized the style of trusting and killing his generals.
From these realistic poems, we can clearly see that his political ambition is closely related to his poetic innovation thought.
His poems about life experiences are also very touching:
Lan Re was born in spring and summer and flourished in.
You are alone in the forest, and Zhu has purple stems.
It's getting late and the autumn wind is coming.
Years old, China is teetering, but what is the significance of Fang?
Here, the artistic conception of scattered vegetation and withered beauty in Chu Ci expresses the deep anguish that the beautiful ideal cannot be realized.
However, in different times and circumstances, his frustration turned into anger and generosity.
For example:
I am your son, and I really love talents all my life.
Homesickness, draw your sword and start Artemisia.
Dingling in Xichi was blocked, and Taiwan Province was in the north.
Seeing thousands of miles in mountain climbing, homesickness is long! Who said he didn't forget the disaster and turned to dust?
There are also some articles in Feeling Poetry that lament the impermanence of life, praise seclusion and seek immortality, and give full play to their works, such as "City people admire spiritual wisdom" and "Silence in the mysterious sky", all of which have strong Buddhist and old negative thoughts.
Seven Poems on Youzhou Tower and Qiu Ji's Collection of Lu Jushi in Searching for the Ancient are also his masterpieces.
These poems were written when he and Jian went to Qidan.
Lu Zang said in Chen Chuan:
Zi Ang is sickly and grateful for loyalty, and often wants to fight hard to answer Shi Guo.
Since officials are diligent and they are involved in military plans, they feel sorry for not seeing the danger.
Another day, he made a suggestion, which was very incisive. Jian 'an refused, but he was appointed as an army sergeant.
Zi Ang knows the difference because he silences the following, but he is also a secretary.
He wrote several poems because he climbed the Jibei Building and felt the promised land and Zhao Yan in the past.
But he cried and sang, "where were those lost times before me?" Behind me, where are the future generations? .
I think of heaven and earth, there is no limit, there is no end, I am alone, tears fell down! "At that time, people all knew.
In Visit to the Ancient, he praised the corporal and the Prince of Yan, and thanked historical figures and Guo Kun for meeting him and making contributions.
Looking forward to the future, he deeply realized the pain and sorrow of being born at an untimely time and unable to realize his ideal, and also deeply realized the lofty feelings of many people with lofty aspirations in the predicament throughout the ages.
It was this irresistible ideal and * * * that made him sing this romantic song on the Youzhou rostrum.
Although due to the limitation of historical conditions, his depression can not be solved, which makes the emotional appeal of this poem quite lonely.
However, it was this poem that won the deep sympathy of countless readers at that time and later. Lu Zangyong's saying that this poem is "known to everyone" is a strong proof.
This is the Hong Zhong noise unheard of for more than 200 years since Qi Liang.
There are not many Chen Ziang's regular poems, but like Looking at Chu in Jingmen, it is also a masterpiece of regular poems in the early Tang Dynasty:
Go to the martial arts and watch the stage.
Bashan River is exhausted, and Jingmen is full of smoke.
The city is divided and the trees are broken by white clouds.
Nowadays, crazy singers, who knew they would come to Chu.
The poet wrote the magnificent mountains and rivers in Bachu when he first went to Sichuan in a fluent style.
Style is different from other poets.
Chen Ziang highly praised "Jian 'an Author" and "The Voice of Zhengshi", and his poems were deeply influenced by Jian 'an and Zhengshi poets.
Tang Jiaoran's poetic style said: "The feeling of being proud of your son originated from Ruan Gong's" Yong Huai ".
Poems such as "Lan Ruosheng is born in spring and summer" and "it is difficult for a noble person to be proud", as well as poems lamenting the impermanence of life, are indeed similar to Ruan Ji.
In addition, Yan Zhaowang and Youzhou Tower are similar to Ruan's poems in artistic conception, such as "Taking Ci as the capital of Wei" and "Sitting alone in an empty hall".
The frontier poems such as The Old Clouds in Ding Hai, Ben Gui Zi, The North Wind Blows the Sea Trees, Cang Ding Ling Sai are works close to current events in Jian 'an poems.
In his poems, realism and romanticism coexist.
Some of those realistic works are generous and painful, and some political theories are sharp.
Those works that tend to express ideals, some are romantic and graceful, some are bold and unrestrained, which are different manifestations of romanticism.
Generally speaking, his poetic style is not completely unified.
Of course, Chen Ziang's poems also have shortcomings in art.
He didn't know enough about Yuefu folk songs in Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties.
We don't pay much attention to this new form of seven-character metrical poem, and there is not a seven-character metrical poem in the collection (Note: only one of the seven-character metrical poems in the Complete Works of Mr. Chen Ziang printed by Shu Yin, its authenticity is difficult to determine.
)。
There are even some "feeling poems" which are influenced by metaphysical poems and are somewhat boring to read.
However, all his poems have no elegant flavor, which is even more commendable.
In a word, he is a poet who made great achievements in the theory and practice of poetry innovation in the pre-Tang Dynasty. Du fu praised him: "elegance can only be inherited by talents, but philosophers can't match it."
After the male gave birth to a horse, his name was linked with the sun and the moon.
..... eternal loyalty, "feeling" is a legacy.
"Han Yu praised him:" The country is rich and the people are strong, and the children begin to dance high.
They all highly affirmed his achievements in the development of Tang poetry, and also reflected the public opinion of Tang poets. As for his Poems of Feeling, it directly inspired the creation of Zhang Jiuling's Poems of Feeling and Li Bai's Poems of Antique. It is a well-known fact that Li Bai inherited his theory of taking retro as innovation and further completed the historical task of innovation in Tang poetry.
Chen Ziang also made achievements in prose innovation.
Although there are some parallel prose in his anthology, those strategies and scripts are simple and fluent ancient prose, which was before the Tang Dynasty.
Therefore, the ancient prose writers Xiao, Liang Su and Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty all spoke highly of his efforts in this regard.