-Habitual production use
Myrica rubra is known as "green enterprise" and "cash cow" because of its strong nature, easy cultivation, long economic life and obviously lower production cost than other fruits. Myrica rubra is a variety of water chestnut, which is mainly produced in Ma Jian, Yuyao and Cixi, Lanxi, Zhejiang. If the grafted seedlings are cultivated properly, it will bear fruit in 4-5 years. After 8 years, the yield per plant is 50-80 kg, and the yield of big trees is as high as 300 kg, up to 500 kg. The average yield of continuous cropping 1 1,000 kg is relatively high. Huang, a farmer in Sanbei Town, Cixi City, collectively contracted 448 bayberry trees, with a yield of 9,000 Jin and an income of 42,000 yuan 1998. Dongkui Myrica rubra in Huangyan, Zhejiang, is very big and full of fruits. It can also achieve stable and high yield under the condition of sufficient fertilizer and water. Generally, it begins to bear fruit in 5-6 years, and enters the full fruit stage after 10 years, and the yield per plant is 30-50 kg. 15-40-year-old trees have an average yield of 70-80 kg per plant, with a maximum of 350 kg. The average market price of Huangyan and Lanxi in Zhejiang Province has been stable at 20 yuan per kilogram for six consecutive years, with considerable economic benefits.
Myrica rubra can be processed into canned Myrica rubra in syrup, jam, candied fruit, fruit juice, dried fruit, fruit wine and other foods, and the added value of its products is doubled. In recent ten years, waxberry fresh fruit or products have also been airlifted to Hong Kong, Singapore, France, Russia and other markets. Dongkui Yangmei in Hong Kong supermarkets costs as much as 1 USD each. In 2000, Dongkui Myrica rubra from Qingtian, Zhejiang was airlifted to France, and the price per kilogram was about RMB 280 yuan.
Second, the ecological benefits of Myrica rubra
Yangmei likes cloudy climate and slightly acidic mountain soil. Its roots and actinomycetes form nodules, which absorb and utilize natural nitrogen, resist drought and barren, and save labor and fertilizer. It is an ideal tree species suitable for returning farmland to forests and maintaining ecology in mountainous areas. For example, Nan 'an City in Fujian Province used Myrica rubra instead of Pinus massoniana to afforest barren hills. Since the sixth year of planting, the original soil erosion of Myrica rubra has been reduced from one year1900 ~ 2,000 tons /km2 to about 50 ~ 60 tons /km2, and the soil moisture content has increased by 4. 1%, which has obviously improved the soil fertility, adjusted the microenvironment climate and been effectively suppressed. In addition, the nematodes of Pinus massoniana died in pieces in Zhoushan and Xiangshan, Zhejiang Province, and the effect of greening barren hills with Myrica rubra was remarkable.
Third, the current situation of Myrica rubra
Myrica rubra is native to the mountainous areas with temperate and subtropical humid climate in China, mainly distributed in the south of the Yangtze River basin and the north of Hainan Island, that is, between 20 degrees north latitude and 365,438+0 degrees north latitude. It is similar to citrus, loquat, tea tree and bamboo, but its cold resistance is stronger than that of citrus and loquat. At present, the provinces are Yunnan, Guizhou, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Anhui, Taiwan Province and so on. Among them, Zhejiang has the largest planting area, the best variety quality and the highest yield. Followed by Jiangsu, Fujian and Guangdong. Foreign countries such as Japan and South Korea have a small amount of cultivation, and Southeast Asian countries such as India, Myanmar, Vietnam and the Philippines also have distribution. However, because of its small shape and sour taste, it is widely used for garden viewing or eating sugar stains, and has not been cultivated as an economic fruit tree. So Myrica rubra is a special fruit in southern China.
According to incomplete statistics, by the end of 200 1, the total planting area of Myrica rubra in China was about 3.2 million mu, accounting for about 26% of the total fruit area in China. The total cultivated area of Myrica rubra in Zhejiang Province is about 700,000 mu, and the annual output is 2 1 10,000 tons, which is 62.9% and 78.0% higher than that of1.985 (260,000 mu, 4.62 million tons) respectively, and the growth momentum is very obvious.
Fourth, the market prospect of Myrica rubra
Myrica rubra is a kind of natural green health food with high nutritional value. According to the determination, the sugar content of high-quality red bayberry pulp is 12% ~ 13%, and the acid content is 0.5% ~ 1. 1%. Rich in cellulose, mineral elements, vitamins, a certain amount of protein, fat, pectin and eight amino acids beneficial to human body, the fruit contains calcium, phosphorus and iron. Myrica rubra grows in mountainous areas far away from big cities, with little or no air pollution, extensive cultivation and management, less pests and diseases, and has the reputation of "green and pollution-free fruit".
Myrica rubra has a wide range of uses and huge market potential. Myrica rubra has beautiful posture and dark green leaves. Myrica rubra has a thick crown and is about 65438 05 years old. It is used as ornamental and greening seedlings in landscape engineering. The branches and leaves of Myrica rubra are green in winter and do not shed leaves. They are used as leaf matching (leaf cutting) by fresh cut flower shops in winter and exported to Japan. The fresh branches and leaves of Myrica rubra are not easy to burn, so it can be planted as a forest fire belt to prevent forest fires. The epidermis of leaves, roots and branches of Myrica rubra is rich in tannin (the content is as high as 10% ~ 19%). Flavonoids and essential oils can be extracted and used as auburn and medical astringents. The kernel of Myrica rubra contains vitamin B 17, which is an anticancer substance. It also contains 32% crude protein and 2 1% crude fat. Foods called high protein and vegetable fat can be used for frying or squeezing sleeves. In addition, Myrica rubra has many medicinal values, such as promoting digestion, keeping out cold, relieving summer-heat, stopping diarrhea, diuresis, treating dysentery, promoting fluid production to quench thirst, clearing stomach and intestines, removing annoyance, removing anger, removing evil spirits and so on. , highly praised by the medical community in China.
In the western region of China, Myrica rubra has broad prospects for production. Myrica rubra was successfully introduced from Zhejiang in the western mountainous areas of Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi and Hunan in the 1980s. Especially in Yunnan and Guizhou, due to the natural conditions of less rainfall in spring and more rainfall in summer, it is more suitable for the growth and fruiting of Myrica rubra, which is characterized by early maturity and good quality. For example, Myrica rubra is distributed below 3000 meters above sea level in Guiyang, Guizhou, with the longest tree age of more than 600 years and the highest plant yield of about 2000 kilograms. Fumin County and Shiping County in Yunnan recently introduced 65,438+10,000 mu of Myrica rubra, which has become a new local economic growth point. Because of the early fruiting period, better quality, longer storage period, lower production cost and higher economic benefits of Myrica rubra in this area. Of the 3.2 million mu of Myrica rubra in China, 90% are in coastal provinces, and less than 10% are in the central and western regions. Therefore, the development of Myrica rubra production in the western region has a very broad prospect.
Myrica rubra can also promote the healthy development of leading industries such as tourism, open up Myrica rubra tourist area, and pick Myrica rubra in the park to attract guests.
Myrica rubra is a highly competitive fruit in the international market in China, whether it is fresh fruit or processed product. At present, most of the high-quality bayberry fruits are still sold fresh. Through the preservation technology of Myrica rubra, it not only extended the local sales period, but also sold to the north of China and exported. Bayberry can also be processed into dried bayberry, bayberry juice, preserved bayberry and bayberry wine, which is very popular in the international market. For example, "Yong Cheng" red bayberry wine from Xiangshan, Ningbo was favored by Malaysian and Singaporean foreign businessmen at the 90th Canton Fair, and signed a sales order of 6.5438+million yuan.
With the continuous development of science and technology, variety selection, quality improvement, maturity extension and the rise of packaging, preservation and processing industry, Myrica rubra has a very broad market prospect at home and abroad.
There is also a sad legend about Yangmei in Chaoshan. It is said that in ancient times, there were two sisters-in-law, who were ingenious and good at embroidery, but because the flowering period of Myrica rubra was short, they didn't learn it. One year, my sister-in-law insisted on going up the mountain to observe the shape of Yangmeihua on New Year's Eve, but unfortunately she was hurt by a tiger. The next day, her sister-in-law went up the mountain to find her aunt. When she saw the blood, she knew that her aunt had been killed by a tiger. With the intermittent cries of "Goo, Goo, Goo", she finally became a bluebird. The Chaoshan folk story "Sister-in-law Bird" came into being. Today, when Yangmei is born, there will be "Sister-in-law Birds" flying to Yangmei Mountain, wailing "Goo Goo, Goo Goo ……", which is sad.
Alias Shu Mei, Hong Chu and Lizhu.
Root bark: removing blood stasis, stopping bleeding and relieving pain. Used for traumatic injury, fracture, dysentery, gastric and duodenal ulcer and toothache; External use to treat traumatic bleeding, burns and scalds.
Fruit: promoting fluid production to quench thirst. Used for dry mouth and loss of appetite.
Poplar evergreen trees or shrubs; The height can reach15m, and the DBH is 60cm. Leaves are leathery, clustered at the top of branches, oblong and oblanceolate, up to 16 cm, sharp at the top, wedge-shaped at the base, and serrated above the middle. Male inflorescence axillary, long 1-4 cm; Female inflorescence solitary leaf axils, with 3-4 bracteoles, each bearing a flower. Only 1-2 fruit per inflorescence, drupe, deep red, with papillae outside the fruit. The mesocarp is juicy, sweet and sour, and it is a famous fruit in summer. It can also be used to make drinks or wine.
Determination of medicinal value of Myrica rubra: The sugar content of high-quality Myrica rubra pulp is 12% ~ 13%, and the acid content is 0.5% ~ 1. 1%. It is rich in cellulose, mineral elements, vitamins, a certain amount of protein, fat, pectin and eight amino acids beneficial to human body, and its fruit contains calcium and phosphorus.
The nutrient content of bayberry per 1 00g edible food is: moisture 83.4-92.0g, calorie 28kcal, protein 0.8g, fat 0.2g, carbohydrate 5.7g, dietary fiber1g, sugar/kloc-0.2g and acid 0.5. Nicotinic acid 0.3 mg, retinol equivalent 92 mg, carotene 0.3 mg, vitamin A7 mg, vitamin C9 mg, vitamin E0.8 1 mg, calcium 14 mg, magnesium 10 mg, iron 1 mg, manganese 0.72 mg and zinc 0.
The epidermis of leaves, roots and branches of Myrica rubra is rich in tannin (the content is as high as 10% ~ 19%). Flavonoids and essential oils can be extracted and used as auburn and medical astringents. The kernel of Myrica rubra contains vitamin B 17, which is an anticancer substance. It also contains 32% crude protein and 2 1% crude fat. Foods called high protein and vegetable fat can be used for frying or squeezing sleeves.
Myrica rubra has the effects of promoting fluid production to quench thirst, invigorating spleen and appetizing. Eating more does not hurt the spleen and stomach, but also has the effect of detoxifying and dispelling cold. "Compendium of Materia Medica" records that "Yangmei can quench thirst, harmonize the five internal organs, clear the stomach, remove troubles and ward off evil spirits." The fruit, core, root and skin of Myrica rubra can be used as medicine, which is flat and non-toxic. Stones can cure beriberi, and roots can stop bleeding and regulate qi; Bark soaked in wine can cure traumatic injury, redness and pain. Myrica rubra soaked in white wine, in midsummer, will feel refreshed and relieve summer heat and boredom. When diarrhea occurs, take Yangmei decoction and drink it to stop diarrhea, which has astringent effect. Myrica rubra has many medicinal functions, such as promoting digestion, removing dampness, relieving summer heat, promoting fluid production and relieving cough, helping digestion, keeping out cold, stopping diarrhea, inducing diuresis, preventing and treating cholera, etc. It has the reputation of "agate in fruit".
Myristin, the effective component of Myrica rubra leaves, has astringent, exciting and emetic effects, and can be used for diarrhea, icteric hepatitis, lymphadenopathy and diffuse pharyngitis. Myrica rubra bark element also has antioxidant activity and can scavenge free radicals in the body. Widely used in medicine, food, health care products and cosmetics. American health care drug FYI uses myricetin to treat and prevent arthritis and various inflammations, especially for pregnant women and lactating babies. Myristin (flavonol), hexahydroxyred ketone. It can also be used as an additive for cosmetics.
According to the records of famous local products in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, the main producing areas of Myrica rubra in Zhejiang Province are Xiaoshan, Cixi, Yuyao and Lanxi, but the Myrica rubra in Xiaoshan is the most famous. According to historical records, planting Myrica rubra in Xiaoshan has a long history. As early as 1500 years ago, there was a poem "Yangmei chinese odyssey knows its taste better than others". "Ji" refers to Huiji, Shaoxing was called Huiji in ancient times, and the area around Dujia Village, Xiaoshan, the famous place of bayberry production, originally belonged to Shaoxing.
Litchi in Guangzhou, Fujian, and grapes in Xiliang are not as good as bayberry in Wuyue.
Wu yue yang mei Guan Tian Xia
The city is surrounded by green trees and mountains, and Stan is full of roads. If you don't like a full plate of fire, you get a bead first. Obliquely insert Baoji to watch the boat and weave into the capital. Enthusiastic and passionate, I want to take advantage of the wind and dew to plunge into thousands of plants.
Myrica rubra from summer solstice
Around the Dragon Boat Festival, Myrica rubra went on the market in large quantities.