In the past 70 years, the basic course of grain development in China can be summarized as the following four stages, in which the development characteristics, development motivation and development results of each stage are different.
(1)1949-1978: It is difficult to develop, and cities and industries should be given priority.
At present, under the background that the production and management system of people's commune has inhibited the efficiency of agricultural production as a whole, China's grain production has always relied on the improvement of comprehensive production capacity brought by agricultural infrastructure construction to seek development and promotion in difficulties, maintaining an average annual growth level of 3.75%, ensuring the priority development of cities and industrial departments. But overall, major agricultural products such as grain are in absolute shortage, and the relationship between grain supply and demand maintains a tight balance pattern of demand suppression.
(B) 1979-2003: Fluctuating development, changing the long-term shortage of supply.
At this stage, the state has carried out major reforms and innovations in the agricultural production and management system, and established a two-tier management system based on household contract management and combining unification and separation.
(3) 2004-20 12: Leap-forward development, and the quantity guarantee has been initially realized.
In the past ten years, by gradually opening the grain market and establishing and perfecting agricultural support and protection policies, farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain has been significantly improved, and grain output has steadily increased to 200 million tons, which has ensured the growing market demand for food security in China in terms of quantity and total amount.
(4)20 13- up to now: steady development, continuous improvement in quality and structure.
From 20 16, China began to reduce the corn planting area in the "sickle bend" area; On 20 17, the implementation of the "High-quality Grain Project" and strengthening the supply of green high-quality grain and oil products are all important measures to improve the quality and structure of grain production.
Influencing factors of food security
Among all the factors affecting food security, the population factor should be the most direct and important. However, we need to point out that this influence is not only manifested in the pressure of population increase on food supply, but also in factors of production and structural changes:
First, the expansion of food demand. According to the population index of 150 countries in the world, the United Nations Population Fund predicts that it will increase to 9 1 100 million by 2025, and the food demand will increase by 50%.
The second is the deterioration of production factors such as land.
Third, there is a serious imbalance between grain circulation and consumption.
Fourth, the upgrading of consumption structure has intensified the pressure on food supply.