Since about 2000 BC, ancient Italian tribes have lived here. Etruscan civilization began to develop in 900 BC, and at the end of the 3rd century BC, the ancient Romans occupied Etruscan city.

The Republic of Silla Roma extended to southern Italy, and Sicily was incorporated into its territory after the Second Punic War in 24 1 BC. In 202 BC, Rome defeated Carthage and incorporated Spain and Greece into the territory. Under Caesar, Rome conquered Gaul and Egypt. After Caesar's assassination, Octavian, Caesar's adopted son, defeated marc anthony and Cleopatra, the Egyptian queen, and established the Roman Empire in 27 BC, and was honored as Augustus Caesar. Constantine the Great declared Christianity the state religion and moved the capital to Byzantium (Constantinople) in 330 AD, but it was quickly destroyed by the Goths and Vandals. In the following centuries, Huns and Arabs invaded this land from the south.

The most striking feature of medieval Italy was the rise of a powerful northern city-state. In the15th century, the Renaissance produced artistic geniuses, such as Donatello, Botticelli, Da Vinci, Raphael and Michelangelo. By the early16th century, most of Italy was under the rule of Habsburg dynasty in Austria. 1796 after Napoleon's invasion, signs of unity that had disappeared for centuries reappeared. From 65438 to 1960s, with the efforts of patriots Ma Zhini and garibaldi, the unification movement (Italian Renaissance Movement) flourished. 186 1 year, the Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed and King Emmanuel II became the ruler.