Because the climate in the south is humid, and lime has certain adsorption, moisture resistance and moisture absorption, which can effectively protect the wall. Compared with the dry north, bricks can be exposed directly, so Huizhou should brush thick walls to prevent moisture. Now Huizhou architecture has replaced lime with professional exterior wall paint, which further reduces the possibility of mildew and discoloration.
There is a folk song in Huizhou, "I was born in Huizhou and have no previous life;" As the saying goes, Huizhou people who live in such a difficult environment are well aware of the hardships of starting a business, and have developed a good style of diligence and thrift, which has been written into family rules and family instructions to educate Huizhou people from generation to generation. Therefore, the architectural style is relatively simple, with no carved beams and painted buildings, and no gold painting. Instead, they build their homes through the most common materials and natural beauty.
Extended data
The features of Huizhou architecture are mainly reflected in village houses, ancestral halls, archways and gardens. Its most distinctive style is a large number of traditional residential villages, which reflect Huizhou's mountain characteristics, geomantic will and regional beauty tendency from site selection, design, modeling, structure and layout to decoration and beautification.
Most villages in Huizhou are located in strict accordance with China's traditional geomantic rules, with beautiful mountains and rivers, pursuing ideal living environment and artistic conception of mountains and rivers, and are known as "villages in Chinese painting". Influenced by the traditional concept of "water is the source of wealth" in Feng Shui, Huizhou people entrusted with business paid special attention to the "Shuikou" of villages and built some unique Shuikou gardens.
The structure of Huizhou-style mansions is mostly in the form of multiple courtyards (the small ones are mostly in the form of three courtyards), which embodies the characteristics of Huizhou people living in compact communities. Generally, they sit facing south, facing the mountain and facing the water, emphasizing the value of geomantic omen. The layout is symmetrically divided by the central axis, with three rooms wide, a hall in the middle and wings on both sides. The front of the hall is called patio, which has lighting and ventilation. Courtyard collocation creates living space for deeply self-sufficient families.
The overall appearance and aesthetic feeling of the residential building are very strong. The high wall is closed, the horse's head is tilted, the wall lines are strewn at random, and the black tiles and white walls are elegant in color. In terms of decoration, the brick-cleaning door cover, stone carving leaking windows, wood carving columns and buildings are integrated into one, making the house beautiful and poetic, which can be regarded as a major feature of Huizhou government.
Ancestral temples and memorial archways in Huizhou are also important architectural forms in Huizhou architecture. Every village has a shrine, which is generally large and magnificent. Various memorial archways scattered all over the country are an important part of the cultural landscape of ancient Huizhou.
As a traditional architectural school, Huizhou architecture has always maintained its unique artistic style of simplicity, simplicity and richness. The abbreviation of brick carving, stone carving and wood carving in Huizhou school. Shexian, yi county and Wuyuan are the most typical "three sculptures" of Huizhou School, which are well preserved.
It is mainly used for the decoration of buildings such as houses, ancestral temples, temples and gardens, as well as the craft carving of ancient furniture, screen couplets, pen containers and fruit bowls. The history of "Three Carvings" originated in the Song Dynasty and reached its peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Sculptures in the Ming Dynasty are rough and simple, generally only flat carvings and bas-reliefs. With the help of line modeling, they lack perspective changes, but emphasize symmetry and are rich in decorative interest.
Sculpture in Qing Dynasty was exquisite and complicated, and the composition and layout absorbed the expression techniques of Xin 'an Painting School, paying attention to artistic beauty, and promoting hollowing-out effect with deep relief and round carving. Some hollowed out floors are as many as ten, and pavilions, trees, mountains, animals, flowers, birds, insects and fish paint together, which shows the sculptor's superb artistic talent.
Brick carving is a kind of architectural decoration carved on the hard and fine blue-gray bricks in Huizhou. Widely used in Huizhou gatehouse, door cover, lintel, eaves, roofs, making the building look elegant and solemn. It is an important part of Huizhou architectural art rising since Ming and Qing Dynasties. Brick carving includes plane carving, relief carving and three-dimensional carving. Themes include feather flowers, dragons, tigers and lions, gardens and landscapes, and dramatic figures. , with a strong folk color.
Stone carvings are widely distributed in urban and rural areas of Huizhou. Mainly used for the decoration of pillars, door walls, archways, tombs and other places of temple houses. They belong to the art of relief and round carving and enjoy a high reputation. The theme of Huizhou stone carving is limited by the carving materials themselves, and it is not as complicated as wood carving and brick carving. There are mainly animal and plant images, Bo Gu patterns, calligraphy and so on, but there are relatively few stories about people and mountains and waters.
In terms of carving style, the relief is mainly shallow through carving and flat carving, and the trend of round carving is obvious. The knife method is refined in simplicity and generosity, which is not as delicate and complicated as wood carving and brick carving in Qing Dynasty.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-Huizhou architecture