In 1960s, Portugal and China discussed the future of Macao, and then signed the Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration in 1987. On February 20th, 1999,/kloc-0, Portugal handed over the sovereignty of Macao to China under the principle of one country, two systems, with Macao people ruling Macao with a high degree of autonomy.
Macao is an independent economy, among which tourism and gambling are important industries. Especially after the transfer of sovereignty, the gambling rights have been opened, and now it has developed into "the largest gambling city in the world". Macao has the highest population density in the world, with a population of over 20,000 per square kilometer.
In 20 17, Macao's per capita GDP was US$ 78,586 at the international exchange rate, ranking second in the world. Macao's gross national income per capita in 20 17 years is 102480 USD at purchasing power parity, ranking second in the world.
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1553, the Portuguese bribed Wang Bai, the deputy envoy of Guangdong Criminal Investigation Bureau in the Ming Dynasty, under the pretext of "borrowing land to dry goods", and was allowed to live in Macao Peninsula temporarily.
1557, the Ming dynasty set up a Japanese patrol series in Xiangshan county, commonly known as the Australian official yamen. In addition to paying the shipping tax to Guangdong Shipping Company in Ming Dynasty, the Portuguese also paid a bribe of 520 taels of silver every year to consolidate their position in Macao.
157 1 year, at the Guangzhou Fair, when the Portuguese paid 500 taels of silver to the island's envoy as usual, Guangdong's foreign minister was present. The translator only called the bribe "land rent silver" paid to the Ming government, and the bribed official only had to turn it over to the state treasury. Since then, Portuguese bribes have become land rent.
1574, the Ming dynasty set up a sluice in Lianhua trunk, which was managed by the deputy envoy of coastal defense. 1608, Xiangshan county magistrate Cai Shanji promulgated "Ten Rules for Controlling Macao" to strengthen management.
1623, the Portuguese government appointed Marcelo as the first governor of Macao. In the following hundreds of years, Macau has been the base for the world to communicate with China and its neighbors, even during the Spanish rule.
1640 when Portugal got rid of Spanish rule, Macao was awarded the title of "City of the Holy Name of God" for not surrendering to Spain. Macao is famous for its communication between China and the West in history. It played an important role in the "western learning spreading to the east" in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and also played an important role in the operation of the world economy.
1685, the Qing Dynasty set up customs in Guangzhou, Zhangzhou, Ningbo and Yuntai Mountain respectively, and merged Macao Customs into Guangzhou Customs, renamed Macao Customs, 1 person, with 2 family members.
173 1 year, the Qing Dynasty established Xiancheng Yamen in Xiangshan County, the former stronghold of Macao. 1744, the Qing Dynasty also established the Chengyamen County and the Macao Garrison.
1748, China people Li Tingfu and Jane Yaer committed crimes, and Portuguese soldiers stationed in were arrested at the big battery. They were beaten to death by Portuguese soldiers because they refused to confess. Menezes, the governor of Australia and Portugal, refused to hand over the murderer. The following year, after many negotiations, menezes handed over the murderer. This incident led the Qing Dynasty to promulgate the Regulations on Macao and the Rehabilitation of Righteousness in 1749, which further strengthened the Qing Dynasty's control over Macao.
1783 On April 4th, the Portuguese Minister of Maritime and Overseas Affairs Castro issued an imperial edict to the governors of Portugal and India in the name of Queen Donna Maria I of Portugal, which was later called a royal patent.
1807, the first French Empire under Napoleon I occupied Portugal. In July of the following year, the British army invaded Macao on the pretext of defending Macao from French occupation, and then withdrew in June of that year under the pressure of the Qing government.
1849, Portugal stopped paying land rent to the Qing dynasty and occupied the city gate. 185 1 year, accounting for one child; 1863, occupied Tashi, Shagang, Xinqiao, Shali and other places; 1864, occupying the road loop.
1879, the occupied Longtian village; 1883, occupying Wang Xia Village (Wang Xia) and Litchi Bay? , Shek O and Green Island, etc. To build an island city.
1887, Portugal forced the Qing government to sign the Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Friendship and Trade, which stipulated that China agreed to Portugal's "permanent residence and management of Macao", but Portugal could never transfer Macao to other countries without China's consent.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty (1908), Portugal demanded to expand the border and demarcate the border of Macao, and Macao officially became a Portuguese colony.
1937 During the July 7th Incident, Japan invaded China in an all-round way and occupied Guangzhou the following year. 194 1 occupied Hong Kong. Portugal remained neutral in World War II, so the Australian and Portuguese governments also declared neutrality, but the Japanese army basically blocked Macao's economy and used Macao as an intelligence base.
After the war 1955, Portugal promulgated the organic law of Macao's overseas provinces. 196 1 year, the Portuguese Ministry of Overseas Affairs designated Macao as a tourist area, especially allowing gambling. In June165438+1October of the same year, the Australian and Portuguese governments promulgated the Gambling and Entertainment Regulations.
1On April 25th, 974, the carnation revolution broke out in Portugal. The neo-literati government implemented the policy of decolonization and abandoned all colonies, and the Portuguese troops stationed in Australia began to gradually withdraw. However, China and Portugal have not yet established diplomatic relations. China does not want Macao to become a Portuguese colony before the handover of sovereignty to Hong Kong, so it recognizes Macao as the territory of China under the current Portuguese regime.
1975 65438+February 3 1, the last Portuguese troops in Macao withdrew. Until the return of Macao in 1999, there was no garrison in the city for the time being.
1976 17 In February, Portugal promulgated the Constitution of Macao in the form of law 1/76, which is the constitutional document governing Macao by Portugal.
1979, China and Portugal established diplomatic relations. During 1986, the Chinese and Portuguese governments held four rounds of negotiations on the future of Macao. On April 13 of the following year, Zhao Ziyang, Prime Minister of the State Council, China, and Silva, Prime Minister of Portugal, signed the Joint Statement on Macao and two annexes.
According to the Joint Declaration, Macao (including Macao Peninsula, Taipa and Sixth Ring Road) is the territory of China, and People's Republic of China (PRC) will exercise sovereignty over Macao on February 20th.
1993 On March 3 1, the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China adopted the Basic Law of Macao (Chapter IX 145 with three annexes), which was promulgated by Jiang Zemin, president, China.
1 at 0: 00 on February 20th, 1999, witnessed by both China and Portugal, Wei Qili, the 27th Governor of Macao, and He Houhua, the1Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region, handed over Macao's sovereignty at the handover ceremony of the new reclamation area in Macao Xingang. At noon that day, the PLA troops stationed in Macao entered Macao; At this point, China officially exercised Macao's sovereignty.
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