Pingyao ancient city is located in the middle of Shaanxi Province in the north of China, which was built in the period of West Zhou Xuanwang (827-782 BC?
), the expansion of Hongwu in the third year of Ming Dynasty (AD 1370), has a history of more than 2,700 years. So far, it has preserved the basic features of the county town in the Ming and Qing Dynasties (A.D.1368 ~191), and it is the most complete existing ancient city in the Han area of China. ?
Pingyao is located on the east bank of Fenhe River, at the southwest end of Taiyuan Basin, adjacent to Qixian County, another famous national historical and cultural city. Tongpu Railway and Dayun Expressway run through the county. The economy is dominated by agriculture, mainly producing grain, cotton, beef and lacquerware. Among them, beef is quite famous, and there are folk lyrics of "Pingyao Beef Taikoo Cake". ?
Pingyao was once the financial center of China in the late Qing Dynasty, with the most complete ancient county structure in China. ?
In the Spring and Autumn Period, it belonged to the State of Jin, and in the Warring States Period, it belonged to the State of Zhao. Tao Ping County, located in Zhongdu County in Qin and Han Dynasties, is the capital of clan acting as king. The Northern Wei Dynasty was renamed Pingyao County. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 20 banks headquartered in Pingyao, accounting for more than half of the country, also known as "China's ancient Wall Street". The largest of these is Rishengchang, the first bank in China, which was founded in Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty and is known as "Huitong World". ?
Pingyao has basically retained the embryonic form of the county seat in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and is known as the "turtle city". The street pattern is in the shape of "earth", and the architectural layout follows the direction of gossip, which embodies the urban planning concept and shape distribution in Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are more than 300 sites and ancient buildings inside and outside the city, and nearly 4,000 well-preserved Ming and Qing dwellings. The shops on the street all reflect the original appearance of history, which can be called a living sample for studying ancient cities in China. ?
Pingyao City Wall was built in the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, with 6 city gates, 4 watchtowers and 72 watchtowers. Among them, the south gate wall collapsed in 2004, and most of the rest are still intact. It is one of the large-scale ancient city walls with an earlier existing history and relatively complete preservation in China, and it is also the core component of Pingyao Ancient City, a world heritage. In addition, Zhenguo Temple, Shuanglin Temple and Pingyao Confucian Temple are also included in the scope of world heritage protection. ?
Pingyao Ancient City 1986 the State Council was announced as the second batch of national historical and cultural cities. At present, there are 3 national key cultural relics protection units, 6 provincial key cultural relics protection units and 90 county-level cultural relics protection units in the county. Its cultural relics, high value and rich content are rare in county-level cities across the country. Among the precious cultural relics of this ancient city is the Ten Thousand Buddhas Hall of Zhenguo Temple, which was built in the seventh year of Tianhui in the Northern Han Dynasty (963). There is Shuanglin Temple, which was built in Wuping, Northern Qi Dynasty for two years (57 1). There is a Qingxu Pavilion, which was founded in the second year of Tang Xianqing (657). There is Dacheng Hall, a Confucian temple built in the seventh year of the Northern Han Dynasty (963). There is also Huiji Bridge, which was built in the 10th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (167 1).
Rishengchang ticket number
In the Qing Dynasty, with the development of commercial economy, some large firms of Shanxi merchants gradually formed a commercial system with general numbers in Shanxi and semicolons in other places, operating across regions. ? In this case, large-scale wholesale, transportation and sales bring huge cash transportation business, so a new payment method? Exchange of ticket numbers? That's how it happened. ? Daoguang four years (AD 1824), in Pingyao West Street? On the basis of Xiyucheng Pigment Store, the first company specializing in silver exchange and storage in China was established? "Rishengchang" ticket number three years later, in Shandong, Henan,? Liaoning, Jiangsu and other provinces set up branches one after another? During the 65438+40s, its business further expanded to Japan. Singapore? Russia and other countries? . At that time, in "? Rishengchang? " Driven by the number of banks, the number of banks in Pingyao has developed rapidly. At its peak, there were as many as 22 banks here, which once became the center of China's financial industry. ? It can be seen that Pingyao occupies a very important position in the modern financial history of China.
Ancient city wall
It is said that Pingyao has three treasures, and the ancient city wall is one of them. Pingyao county wall. Built in the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1370), with a circumference of 6.4 kilometers, it is the oldest and largest city wall in Shanxi. Both Ming and Qing dynasties have been repaired, but they are basically the shape and structure of the early Ming dynasty. The city is square, the wall is about 12 meters high, the outer wall is all brick, the crib is built on the wall, and there is a moat outside the wall, which is 4 meters deep and 4 meters wide. There are six gates around the city, two in the east, two in the west, one in the north and one in the south. The East and the West cheat to build urns to facilitate defense. There are 3,000 battlements and 72 watchtowers, which are said to symbolize 3,000 disciples of Confucius and 72 saints. After more than 600 years of wind and rain, the city wall is still dazzling. ?
The treasure of the ancient city wall is the city wall of Pingyao County. Built in the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1370), with a circumference of 6.4 kilometers, it is the oldest and largest existing city wall in Shanxi. Both Ming and Qing dynasties have been repaired, but they are basically the shape and structure of the early Ming dynasty. The city is square, the wall is about 12 meters high, the outer wall is all brick, the crib is built on the wall, and there is a moat outside the wall, which is 4 meters deep and 4 meters wide. There are six gates around the city, two in the east, two in the west, one in the north and one in the south. The East and the West cheat to build urns to facilitate defense. There are 3,000 battlements and 72 watchtowers, which are said to symbolize 3,000 disciples of Confucius and 72 saints. After more than 600 years of wind and rain, the city wall is still dazzling. ? The streets, shops and houses in Pingyao ancient city have maintained the traditional layout and style. This street is cross-shaped, and shops are built along it. The pavement is strong and tall, with colored paintings under the eaves and colored carvings on the beams, which are antique. The houses behind the pavement are quadrangles with blue bricks and gray tiles, and the axes are clear and symmetrical. The whole ancient city presents a quaint style. ?
Zhenguosi mountain gate
There is Zhenguo Temple at the north gate of the ancient city, which is the second treasure of the ancient city. Built in the Five Dynasties (A.D. 10 century), the Buddha Hall of this temple is the third oldest wooden structure in China, with a history of over 1000 years. The five-generation colored sculptures in the temple are rare sculptures. ?
The third treasure of the ancient city of Shuanglin Temple is Shuanglin Temple in the southwest of the city. The temple was built in Wuping, Northern Qi Dynasty (AD 57 1). There are more than 2,000 colored plastic statues from Yuan Dynasty to Ming Dynasty (13 ~17th century) in more than 0/0 halls in the temple, which is known as the "treasure house of colored plastic art". ?
Shuanglinsi
Pingyao city wall is a rammed earth wall, which was built in the period of western Zhou Xuanwang (827-782 BC)? . Ming Hongwu was rebuilt in the third year (1370), from the original "nine miles and eighteen steps" to? Twelve miles, eight minutes and four centimeters "(6.4 kilometers), the rammed earth wall was changed into a brick wall. According to legend, "Mountains and rivers rise in the morning?" Playing in front of the tortoise, the city was built together, which is a victory. Take the meaning of "good luck and long life" and build it as "turtle city" Ming and Qing dynasties successively? 25? During the second maintenance, the plane of the city wall was square, with a circumference of 6162.7m, a height of10m, a mound of 2m and a top width of 3-5m. The wall is rammed with plain soil, and 77 drainage grooves are built with external bricks. On the outside of the top of the wall, there are 2-meter-high crib walls (also called horse-blocking walls), with 3000 cribs, 72 watchtowers and protective walls. There are four turrets, with desks on the east wall and Kuixing Tower and Wenchang Pavilion on the top of the southeast corner city. For military defense, there are six double-door urn cities in Pingyao city wall, one in the north and one in the south, two in the east and two in the west. In the south, it is called Yingxun; In the north, it is called Gong Ji; In the east, it is called Taihe; At the lower level, it is called Qin and Han Dynasties; At the upper level, it is called Yongding; At the lower level, it is called Feng Yi. Every barbier has a double-eaved tower on the top of the mountain. Six double-door urns have suspension bridges outside. There is a moat 3 meters wide around the city wall. There are Taishan Mountain and Liugen River in the south of the city. Hit in front of the tortoise. "So far, the walls, streets, houses, shops, temples and other buildings in the ancient city are still basically intact, and the original form and pattern remain basically unchanged. They are all organic parts of the existing historical sites of Pingyao ancient city. ?
Waibao
Built in a town outside the city gate? , also known as Moon City? , enhance the city's defense capabilities. The previous episode of the martial arts master guarding the city recorded: "Is the urn outside the city round or square? Depending on the terrain, it is as high and thick as a city, but it is open to the left and right. " The direction of the urn door in Pingyao ancient city is 90 (except the south gate and the lower east gate). Even if the enemy breaks through the urn door, there is still the main entrance defense. Because of the narrow space in Wengcheng, it is difficult to launch a large-scale attack, which slows down the enemy's attack speed, and the defenders at the top of the city wall can shoot from all directions, giving the enemy a fatal blow. The so-called closing the door to shoot a dog and catch a turtle in the jar. ?
The gate tower was built at the top of the city gate, which was sometimes called "pagoda" in ancient times. There are six towers in Pingyao City Wall, which were built in the Ming Dynasty and in the forty-second year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (? 1703? ) repair and reconstruction, tower height 16. 14m, five rooms width 13.72m, four rooms depth? 10.04? rice. Simple and elegant? The structure is dignified and steady. The tower is an exquisite and beautiful high-rise building, with the city wall as the top. It is an important high-altitude defense facility in the utopia. ?
Towers built at the four corners of the city wall? ,? It is mainly used to make up for the weak defensive links at the corner of the city wall, thus enhancing the defensive ability of the whole city wall. "Turret refers to what? Xiadielou, the' July Building' in the northeast corner. " The "Airui Building" in the southwest corner and the "Ningxiu Building" in the southeast corner. ?
Located on the top of the city wall between the Upper East Gate and the Lower East Gate, the Dianjiangtai is now a brick platform. Legend has it that BC After Zhou Xuanwang ascended the throne in 827, he sent general Yin Jifu to lead the northern expedition and won Lien Chan's victory. Later, he was ordered to station troops in Pingyao today, build more city walls, and train foot soldiers to practice martial arts here. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, people built Gaozhen Temple in the place where Yin went on patrol to commemorate their achievements. The "Gaozhen Temple" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was integrated into a whole, which was a broad platform at the top of the city. You are relaxed and happy when you climb up to see it. The poem said: "The platform is hundreds of feet away from the county seat, and Ji Fuxun's name is in front. The grass has been blocked for a long time, and Longqi dare not leave the car year. " ?
The moat is a moat around the city. In order to resist the invasion of foreign enemies, ancient humans dug trenches around settlements, resulting in banded highlands and inspiring people to build city walls. The appearance of city houses can be considered as the result of taking soil on the spot when the city walls were rammed at first. The pool of water in the city has become a river and an insurmountable defense line. "Only the city is surrounded by people and the pool is surrounded by the city." "Pool" is the barrier of "city", so it is often called "moat". The suspension bridge is a wooden bridge across the city. The outward-facing end of the bridge is tied with ropes, and the bridge deck can be lifted by pulleys and winches at any time. ?
The podium and turret of the turret are piers protruding from the four corners of the city wall, which are integrated with the wall. A tower is built on each turret, which is called the famous turret. The angle between the turret and the city wall is 135, and the height and volume of the turret are between the turret and the enemy tower. . In wartime, the defenders in the turret are commanding and have a wide field of vision, so they can monitor and attack the invading enemy from all angles. With its unusual strategic position, the podium and turret have been used in the maintenance project of Pingyao city wall in past dynasties. , each listed as an important project. Qing Daoguang? During the six-year overhaul in Xianfeng period, the broken "four-corner watchtower" (that is, the turret) was simply demolished and a higher brick-wood two-story pavilion was rebuilt. The building plane is square, covering an area of 27 square meters. There are arches on the facade, brick steps lead to the second floor, and there are circular observation windows on all sides of the second floor. The building is made of brick, wooden floor, and the roof stands on the mountain, with five ridges and six beasts. Traditional architectural art is integrated into the military fortress. ?
Horse face and watchtower " Horse face? "It is an attached pier protruding outward from the city wall, named after its slender shape and horse face. The setting of the "horse face" not only enhances the firmness of the city wall, but also eliminates the dead angle of the battlefield in the battle of guarding the city: once Enemy at the Gates, the guards on the faces of adjacent horses can be organized into a cross-shooting net, so that the attackers can be defeated by the enemy from left to right. Pingyao city wall has a horse face every 60 meters-100 meters, and there are towers on the horse face, which are called "enemy towers". According to old books, when Pingyao City Wall was rebuilt in the early Ming Dynasty, only 40 watchtowers were built, which increased to 94 in the third year of Qin Long (1569) and the third year of Wanli (1575). At the same time, the city was surrounded by bricks and stones, and 72 brick-wood watchtowers were rebuilt, which have been repaired for generations and preserved to this day? . "The watchtower is square in plane, with an area of 10.24 square meters. It is double-decked, with four walls made of bricks, and the hard top of the mountain is covered with pipe tiles (the two watchtowers around Taihe Menweng City have roofs). The ground floor faces the city side, there are wooden stairs in the building, and two arch windows are set on the upper floor. Looking up at those watchtowers, it seems that there are many sentries, which is awesome. The windows upstairs look like giant's eyes and ears, and most watchtowers still face a street in the city to monitor them. It can be seen that the watchtower has the function of public security prevention in peacetime and wartime. ?
The plane layout of the Great Wall and the Pingyao City Wall in Guancheng is square, facing south and east of 15. The reason why the city pursues "founder" is either to explain what the ancients said, "the sky is round and the road is in the center", or it stems from a scientific architectural concept: besides the circle, the shortest perimeter can be surrounded by the square with the largest area. Of course, the direction of the city is south, but the county is not as good as the imperial city, so adjust measures to local conditions to the east 15, just in line with the perennial dominant wind direction, bathed in abundant sunshine every day. There are Zhongdu River in front of the city, Taishan and Chaoshan in the distance, which are connected with mountains and water, and are full of vitality. The circumference of Pingyao city wall is 6162.68m (consistent with "twelve miles, eight minutes and four centimeters around" in the early Ming Dynasty), in which the east wall1478.48m and the south wall1713.80m (the straight line distance between the south end of the east wall and the west wall is only10) China ancient etiquette system stipulated that the city of the son of heaven was nine miles, the city of the duke was seven miles, the city of the marquis and the earl was five miles, and the city of the viscount was three miles. Pingyao city is three miles square? Obviously, it is the largest city at the lowest level (that is, the county seat) in ancient times. Shi Chuanming The old town of Pingyao before Hongwu was nine miles and eighteen paces? . According to the ancestral last words of a citizen surnamed Ji in the city, from Yuan Dynasty to Zhengjiu (1349)? To this day, the west of Shaxiang Street in the city is still outside the city where "mulberry fields become forests and birds sing". In the second year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1369), there was a flood. , washed away the western wall, leaving red mud and yellow sand. When the city was expanded in the second year, the city wall moved westward, and today's Shaxiang Street was created. In addition, the street name of Yao Chang Street in this city comes from the kiln where city bricks were fired during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. Since it is a kiln, it should be located outside the old city, so the north wall of that year is not far from Yao Chang Street. Judging from this, the circumference of the old city is very consistent with the saying of "eighteen steps and nine miles". The three-year expansion and reconstruction of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty laid the basic shape of the existing city wall, which is "three feet two feet" high and 8 feet wide at the bottom. M-12m, with a top width of 3m-6m. The early city walls were rammed with plain soil, and the rammed soil wall foundation was rammed with natural soil. The rammed soil layer left over from the Ming Dynasty has a diameter of 6? Cm -7 cm corks are placed in layers every two meters from the ground, and the plane distribution spacing of corks is 2 -3 meters. Diameter of rammed earth rammed nest 15? Cm, 2 cm -3 cm deep, rammed layer 12 cm-15 cm. The wall is divided into 15%-20%. There is a stone foundation outside the rammed earth wall. The retaining wall is wrapped with special blue bricks (34cm * 17cm * 7.7cm). Within the retaining wall, 58cm * 80cm brick piles are built every 5m-6m, which are connected with the rammed earth wall. The thickness of the retaining wall from bottom to top is 87 cm, 70 cm and 53 cm respectively. The height of each floor accounts for about one third of the total height of the wall? , the wall is divided into 9? %。 The wall section is trapezoidal. At the root of cornice wall, aproll steps are built along the direction of big wall, commonly known as small city wall. The steps are 1 m high and 3 -5 m wide, and the countertop is paved with half bricks. The cornice wall is a brick stack wall, 2 meters high and 53 centimeters thick. Each stack is1.39m long and has three layers of cornice bricks, including observation holes, which are 25cm high and17.7cm wide. There is a creel between battlements. How wide is it? 53? Cm, suitable for shooting. A rectangular "gun hole" with the same size as the crib is opened under each wall to accommodate the gun body and launch it in a kneeling position. Three thousand stacks of stacked walls are in the beginning of Pingyao city, which eliminates the rigidity of high walls and thick walls in modeling and meets the pursuit of balance between yin and yang in Yi learning. In wartime, the soldiers and horses guarding the city were enough to block the arrowheads. So the crib wall is also called the horse wall. At the top of the inner eaves wall, a low brick wall is built to protect safety. The top of the city wall is covered with a blue brick ridge, which scatters water at the nozzle under the parapet and discharges it to the city road through a brick sink. ?
City Gate and City Wall Pingyao City has six ancient city gates, each with two. A bird's eye view of Pingyao ancient city looks like a turtle who just wants to move. The glans of the turtle is south and the tail is north, and the four gates of the east and west are compared to the four feet of the turtle. Therefore, it is called "turtle city" among the people. Outside the south gate, the ancient Zhongdu River winds through, which has aroused the feeling of ancient literati that "the water is playing in front of the turtle, the mountains and rivers are rising, and the city is used". The tortoise is a symbol of good luck and longevity. The theory of "turtle city" originated from the ancient people's worship of "four spirits", which means golden soup and long-term stability. ?
Pingyao is high in the south and low in the north, and its gates extend in all directions. People distinguish these six doors according to their orientation and topography, which are called South Gate, North Gate, Upper East Gate, Upper West Gate, Lower East Gate and Lower West Gate respectively. In fact, each has its own name. According to the thirty-seventh year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty, "The Records of Fenzhou County O Building Volume" contains: "In the third year of Qin Long, Yue Wei, a magistrate of a county, built a suspension bridge outside Liumen, erected brick doors and paved stones? , published in the word, the view is very strong. Dongmen 2: One says mechanical mouth, the other says smooth mouth, which exists now. Simon II: One is biting the mouth, and the other is threatening the enemy. Qin Long six years, Mengyi Maicheng, magistrate of a county made of bricks, the provincial judge Liang Jizhi. In the twenty-second year of Wanli, the urn ring was removed, and the south gate was called Burning Mouth and the north gate was called Xirong. " To the Qing dynasty? When a city wall was overhauled 30 years after Daoguang, Liu Xu, the magistrate of a county, renamed six doors and personally received the plaque, namely: Welcome to Honor? Gong Ji, Taihe, Yongding, Qin and Han Dynasties? , Feng Yi. The south of the city faces the east, and the south gate welcomes the wind of harmonious fumigation in the southeast to "welcome the door of fumigation"; The ancients took the North Star as the symbol of the North, and Confucius said, "Governing the country by virtue is like the North Star in its place, and the stars are * * *." The north gate is called the "arch", which means that it is surrounded by all sides and everyone respects it. Shangdongmen is located in a vibrant position, which means "Taihe Gate", full of vitality and harmony. Shangximen is named "Yongdingmen", which means that the country will be forever solid, the country will be prosperous and the people will be safe. Xiadongmen has been the strategic hub of our city since ancient times, and the inscription of "pro-Han" is intended to warn people that it is a bounden duty to protect our country and defend our country? ; The name of Xiaximen is called "Fengyimen", which seems to be influenced by the myth that there is a phoenix coming to the DPRK outside the West Gate in the early years. "Feng Lai Yi Qu", Feng Lai Yi Qu, good luck, people think of benefiting the people with virtue, the country and the people are safe. ?
The city wall is the defensive wall in the war, and the city gate is the weakness of the defense line. In order to strengthen the defense, a heavy gate was built outside the gate built with the city wall, forming another line of defense outside the inner gate. The enclosed space between the inner and outer doors is like a small town outside a big city. The "small town" is called "the urn". In wartime, the urn provided an excellent condition for soldiers guarding the city to detour with the enemy. Feng Shui masters used it to "ward off evil spirits", but the urn was enough to keep out the dust from the suburbs, which was very realistic. The Wengcheng system in China originated from the Han Dynasty. There is no textual research on when there was Wengcheng in this city. We only know that Xiadongmen Wengcheng was built in the fourth year of Ming Dynasty (1509), Beimen Wengcheng was built in the thirty-first year of Jiajing (1552) and the tower was updated in the forty-first year of Jiajing (1562). In the 42nd year of Kangxi (1703), the emperor traveled westward through Pingyao, so he rebuilt six pagodas. In forty-four years (1705), the main entrance of Shangdong Gate was repaired. From 30 years of Daoguang (1850) to 6 years of Xianfeng (1856), it was carried out in all directions. Large-scale city wall maintenance project, once "five city gates were built in the east, west and north, but the south gate was added a few feet", created the existing regulations. In the gates of six ancient cities, there are four east-west lanes? Opposite are the heavy doors of the Upper East Gate, the Upper West Gate and the Lower West Gate, all facing south, facing the distant mountains and rivers, which makes people "satisfied"; The central axis of the lower east gate is parallel to the central axis of the inner gate and faces the official road leading to Kyoto to show respect for the court. Although the heavy door of the south gate is not right with the inner gate, it still faces south according to the situation. The heavy door of the north gate is 90 degrees from the inner door, which opens eastward and bathes in the dawn of the east. ?
The tower refers to the tower on the city wall and is a symbol of "city". Its majestic appearance shows the grandeur of the city and the elegance of the nation. Pingyao Tower existed in the Ming Dynasty and was rebuilt in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. The south and north gate towers are seven purlins with three eaves and two floors, while the east and west gate towers are seven purlins with two eaves and two floors. In ancient or modern wars, brick and wooden towers are observation posts, headquarters for guarding generals and extremely important shooting positions. In modern security warfare, its role is not enough. ?
? Complete ancient residential community: Pingyao ancient city basically maintained its original pattern after being rebuilt in the third year of Hongwu (A.D. 1370), which can be verified by documents and objects. The key houses in Pingyao city are built between1840 ~1911. The layout of residential buildings is rigorous, the axis is clear, the left and right sides are symmetrical, the primary and secondary are clear, the outline is undulating, the appearance is closed, and the courtyard is deep. Exquisite wood carvings, brick carvings, stone carvings and paper-cut window grilles with strong local flavor are vivid and lifelike, which is by far the most intact ancient resident community in Han ethnic areas. ?
A city with developed finance: Pingyao is one of the famous birthplaces of Shanxi merchants in ancient China. In the 4th year of Qing Daoguang (A.D. 1824), Rishengchang, the prototype of China's first modern bank, was born in Pingyao. Three years later, Rishengchang has set up branches in several provinces in China. From 65438 to 1940s, its business further expanded to Japan, Singapore, Russia and other countries. At that time, driven by Rishengchang Bank, Pingyao banking developed rapidly. At its peak, there were as many as 22 banks here, which once became the center of China's financial industry, manipulating and controlling China's modern financial industry. ?
Historical position:? Pingyao is one of the famous birthplaces of Shanxi merchants in China's ancient commerce. In the 4th year of Qing Daoguang (A.D. 1824), Rishengchang, the prototype of China's first modern bank, was born in Pingyao. Three years later, Rishengchang has set up branches in several provinces in China. From 65438 to 1940s, its business further expanded to Japan, Singapore, Russia and other countries. At that time, driven by Rishengchang Bank, Pingyao banking developed rapidly. At its peak, there were as many as 22 banks here, which once became the center of China's financial industry. ?
Cultural value:? The ancient city of Pingyao was built in the period of Western Zhou Xuanwang (827-782 BC) and has a history of more than 2,700 years. Pingyao has been the seat of "county rule" since the implementation of the "county system" in China in 22 1 BC, and it has continued to this day. This is the most basic first-class city in China. The ancient city wall preserved now is the original state when it was expanded in the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (AD 1370). The existing six temple buildings, county halls, towers and other ancient buildings in the city are original. There are more than 100 streets and lanes in the city, which still maintain the original historical form. The commercial shops on both sides of the street are basically17-19th century buildings. There are 3797 traditional houses in the city, of which more than 400 have high preservation value and unique local characteristics. ?
Cultural Heritage: Pingyao Ancient City has a history of more than 2,700 years since its establishment. In the long development process, a large number of cultural relics have been preserved, with high density and long span. It is a "cultural relic county" in Shanxi Province and is known as "the treasure house of ancient buildings in China". The numerous cultural remains of Pingyao ancient city not only represent the architectural forms, construction methods and material standards of ancient cities in China in different historical periods, but also reflect the artistic progress and aesthetic achievements of different ethnic groups and regions in ancient China. Cultural relics are unique and rich. ?
Cultural Features: Pingyao Ancient City is a city built according to the traditional planning ideas and architectural styles of the Han nationality, which embodies the historical and cultural characteristics of the Han nationality around the century A.D. 14 to 19, and has important reference value for studying the social form, economic structure, military defense, religious beliefs, traditional ideas and ethical human living patterns in this period. It has the traditional cultural characteristics of the Han nationality. ?
Complete ancient residential community: Pingyao ancient city basically maintained its original pattern after being rebuilt in the third year of Hongwu (A.D. 1370), which can be verified by documents and objects. The key houses in Pingyao city are built between1840 ~1911. The layout of residential buildings is rigorous, the axis is clear, the left and right sides are symmetrical, the primary and secondary are clear, the outline is undulating, the appearance is closed, and the courtyard is deep. Exquisite wood carvings, brick carvings, stone carvings and paper-cut window grilles with strong local flavor are vivid and lifelike, which is by far the most intact ancient resident community in Han ethnic areas. ?
Developed financial city: Pingyao ancient city is one of the most developed cities in the financial industry in the middle and late19th century. It is also the most influential bank headquarters, financial industry headquarters and the most concentrated place of financial industry headquarters. For a while. Used to manipulate and control the modern financial industry in China. During the period of 100, the ancient city of Pingyao had a positive impact on the modern economic development of China. [ 10]
Edit this paragraph of folk customs, civil society, fire dry boat? The colorful boat is made of bamboo strips, wooden strips and colored silk, surrounded by satin, covered with wooden strips and satin. The performance is accompanied by drum music, and one person plays the woman on the boat, sitting on the "boat" with a ribbon tied to her shoulder. Is her foot fake? I like to go by boat. The other man dressed as a boatman and paddled in front? . Most of them are stories related to boats in ancient operas, such as Fisherman Killed the Family, Xu Xian Toured the Lake, Qiu Jiang and so on. ?
Push-gloss lacquerware Push-gloss lacquerware is a kind of advanced painting equipment with technical properties, which is named after the palm pushes out luster. Pingyao Tuiguang lacquerware, a famous handicraft in Shanxi Province, is of simple and elegant shape, bright and shining, magnificent painting, delicate and smooth feel, heat-resistant and moisture-proof, durable, and is a fine product in lacquerware. According to records, Pingyao's production of push-light lacquerware began in the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty with a long history. Most of the existing varieties are high-grade screens, hanging screens and so on. . Primers are mostly black and rose? With apricot yellow, green and purple as the main colors, it is painted with patterns with national style, or painted with gold, carved with knives or embedded in drums, with smooth lines, harmonious colors and great momentum. The production of Pingyao push lacquer ware is divided into five processes: wooden tire, gray tire, painter, painter and inlay. At present, Pingyao Tuiguang lacquerware is exported to 28 countries and regions in the world. Pingyao Tuiguang Lacquerware has successively won the Hundred Flowers Award Silver Cup Award and the Gold Cup Award of National Arts and Crafts. World Expo quality products are exported to more than 30 countries and regions. Become the best-selling product in the international market. ?
Pingyao beef is a famous specialty of Pingyao with a long history. As early as the mid-Ming Dynasty, it became famous in all directions. It is made of high-quality calf leg meat by cooking and pickling. The meat is tender, fat but not greasy, thin but not firewood, crispy and delicious. Historically, the famous spiced beef processing workshops in Pingyao City have old brands such as "Wang Longsheng", "Xingshenglei" and "Cheng Zili". ?
Pingyao bowls and plates are pasta snacks with a long history in Pingyao. It was invented by Dong Xuan, a chef of the Qing Dynasty, and has a history of one hundred years. It has the characteristics of smooth and delicious texture. ?