The first time, the second time and the third time.
The first step was to provoke a war against Denmark at the beginning of 1864.
Incorporate Denmark's Schleswig-Holstein Principality (most residents are Germans) into Germany.
Pudan war
As Germany's northern neighbor, Denmark often intervened in German affairs, so Bismarck was the first to solve Denmark. 186 1 year, the Danish king wanted to take over Schleswig and Holstein on the border of Puttan, and Bismarck immediately created a dispute. He first promised that if Puttan went to war, other powers would not interfere, and made an alliance with Austria to attack Denmark, and finally forced Denmark to give up these two countries.
1864, 10 10 The Vienna Treaty signed on October 30th stipulated that Denmark should give up these two places. 1August 8651August 4, the two countries reached a special covenant of Gastin, which placed Schleswig under Prussian rule and Holstein under Austrian rule.
But this is actually a deliberate conspiracy by Bismarck, because the Holstein obtained by Austria is not only small in area, but also surrounded by Prussia. In this way, Austria can easily conflict with Prussia, so this is a fuse to promote the war between Austria and Prussia.
The second step, 1866 provoked the war between Puao and Austria.
1On July 3, 866, Prussia won a decisive victory in the Battle of Sadova. According to the Prague Peace Treaty of August 1866, Austria withdrew from the German Federation, and Prussia annexed Holstein and several German federal vassals that stood in Austria during the war, unified northern and central Germany, and established the North German Federation under the leadership of Prussia.
Puo war
After the Prussian War, Bismarck decided to drive Austria out of the German Confederation in order to facilitate the reunification of Germany in the future. So he set out to isolate Austria. First, Bismarck promised to help Russia cancel the Black Sea neutrality clause. And met with the French emperor Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte, said Prussia is not opposed to the cession of Luxembourg and the Rhine to France, to ensure that France remained neutral in the Puo-Austrian War. At that time, Britain continued to implement the policy of glorious isolation, so it would remain neutral in the event of conflict between Puao and Austria. Finally,1on April 8, 866, he signed an alliance treaty with Italy, stipulating that if Prussia goes to war with Austria within three months, Italy must declare war on Austria at the same time, and only when Austria returns Venice to Italy can it make peace with Austria.
Finally, the Austrian emperor, dissatisfied with the terms of the Gastin Special Covenant, demanded that Silesia, Prussia's richest industrial zone, be exchanged for Holstein, so Bismarck used this as an excuse to accuse Austria of breach of contract. As a result, in May of 1866, William I ordered a national mobilization and declared war on Austria in June of the same year. Italy also declared war on Austria according to the Treaty of Offensive and Defending Alliance.
Soon, Prussia conquered the small pro-Austria country in North Germany, and fought with 238,000 Austrian troops in Sadova on July 3, 866, that is, the Battle of Sadova, and finally the Austrian army was defeated.
At this time, Bismarck decided to make peace with Austria instead of pursuing it, because he realized that destroying Austria was not his primary goal, and the most important thing was to unify Germany. Therefore, in the Prague Treaty signed on August 23 of that year, he gave Austria extremely tolerant peace conditions in order to maintain good relations with Austria.
After the Puo-Austrian War, the only obstacle to German reunification was France, which controlled the southern German states from behind.
Bismarck and Li Hongzhang's third step was the Franco-Prussian War of 1870.
1September 870 17, instigated by Bismarck, France declared war on Germany. Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte boasted that it was just a "military walk to Berlin". But what he met was not Prussia in the past, but a relatively strong German nation that resolutely opposed separatism. 1On September 2, 870, the Germans won a decisive victory over France in the Battle of Sedang and captured Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte alive. At this point, the obstacles to Yugoslavia's reunification have been removed, and the task of German national war has been completed. Bismarck took his troops straight to Paris. 187 1 year 1 month 18 declared the unification of Germany and established the German Empire at Versailles. Bismarck also served as the Prime Minister of the German Empire.
Franco-Prussian War
Because France is still behind the scenes, it is blocking the reunification of Germany. Therefore, Bismarck created a dispute over the succession of the Spanish throne, forcing the French emperor Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte to declare war on Prussia, and Prussia used this to unite the German nation and attack France.
Prussia quickly repelled the invading French army and fought back against France. In the Battle of Alsace, Pu Jun defeated the French army and Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte surrendered. Then Pu Jun marched into Paris to help the newly established national defense government in Paris destroy the Paris Commune, in order to obtain a large amount of reparations.
Finally, King William I of Prussia ascended the throne in the mirror hall of the Palace of Versailles in France, announced the establishment of the German Empire, and received war reparations from Alsace and Lorraine and 5 billion francs from France.