Lisi

When I heard officials talking about expelling guests, I thought it was too much. In the past, Miao Gong asked for a scholar, and in the west [adverbial adverbial, western] he took Yu Rong [adverbial postposition, Yu Rong took, and from], and in the east [adverbial adverbial] he got a hundred miles of Wan Yu, welcomed Song Jianshu, paid homage to him, and helped Gong Sun with gold [these three sentences are all adverbial postposition]. These five sons were not born in the Qin dynasty, but were used by Miao. He merged the country into twenty and then dominated Xirong. Filial piety, using the law of Shang Yang as the public, changes customs, omits the people's prosperity, omits the national beauty, and passively uses folk music. The warlord personally took it, and he was the teacher of Chu and Wei, and he raised thousands of miles. So far, its rule is very strong. King Hui used Zhang Yi's stratagem to uproot the land of Sanchuan, merge Bashu in the west, take Shang Jun in the north and Hanzhong in the south (the same as the former north and south), control Jiuyi and Ying, and divide the fertile land in the east, thus dispersing the six countries. The prince of Zhao did not like Fan, so he abandoned Hou, chased Huayang, forced the government to levy taxes, interfered in private affairs, and silkworms (like famous silkworms) ate the princes and made Qin emperor. These four monarchs all take the guests' contributions. From this point of view, why did the visiting team lose to Qin Zi! Making the four monarchs [move, make ... retreat] guests without taking them in [taking them in], and letting them go without using them, will enrich the country and enrich Qiang Qin.

Today, Your Majesty gave Kunshan jade, including the treasure of He Shen, the pearl of the bright moon, the sword of Tai 'a, the flag of Cuifeng and the drum of tree essence. This is a treasure. Qin never causes trouble. Your Majesty said "Tongyue". Why? If Qin was born, you can, but it's luminous jade that doesn't adorn the court, rhinoceros that is not good at playing with, the daughter of Zheng Wei doesn't fill the harem, which is unstable, and it's not used in Jiangnan, nor is it used by painters in western Sichuan. Therefore, those who decorate the harem, fill in the past, entertain the soul and talk about the eyes and ears must come from the Qin Dynasty, but the hairpin of ten thousand columns, the ear of Fu Ji, the clothes of Aaron and the splendid ornaments do not advance ahead, but follow the custom and be elegant, refined and graceful, and Zhao Nv does not stand on the side. The person who knocks on the urn, plays the guzheng, plays the moustache, and whimpers quickly [makes it move] is really Qin Zhisheng; Zheng Weisang's experience of becoming a monk, A Shao, A Yu, a martial artist and an elephant is also a joy in a foreign country. Today, I won't play the urn or knock. I'm going to find Kevin·Z. I'm going to play the piano and take care of it. If so, what is it? I'm satisfied with the present, but I'm just comfortable with it. It's not like this to bring people today. Don't ask if it is possible, regardless of right and wrong, those who are not Qin will go, and those who are guests will go one by one. However, the most important people care about color, joy, pearls and jade, while the lightest people care about the people. This is not the art of controlling a prince across the sea.

It is said that the land is vast and there are many people, and there are many people in big countries. A strong soldier is brave. It's the mountain ether that won't let the soil, so it can become bigger. Rivers and seas do not choose trickle, so they can be deep; The king does not refuse the public, so he can understand his virtue. There is no good place in the old land, no foreign country for the people, beautiful seasons and blessings for ghosts and gods. The reason why these five emperors and three kings are invincible is also. Today, I abandoned the first place in Guizhou and went to the enemy country, but the guest made contributions to the industry, which made the people of the world retreat and dare not go west and fall into Qin. This so-called "stealing food with soldiers" is also true. Husband's things were not produced in Qin dynasty, but there were many treasures. Scholars were not born in the Qin Dynasty, but were willing to be loyal to many people. Today, driving customers to the enemy, harming the people and benefiting the enemy [masterpiece, resentment] resents the princes inside and the princes outside, and it is impossible to seek the country without danger.

Please refer to the notes for important grammar, and the notes for textbooks for general notional words.

Text translation: the first paragraph: "I heard that officials are discussing (discussing) the expulsion of Keqing (guest, a person from other vassal States who filed a lawsuit in Qin." ), I privately (secretly) think it is wrong to do so.

Put forward the central argument of the whole paper: it is wrong to chase customers.

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The second paragraph: In the past, Qin Mugong (always staying: written as "Miao" in the text) and Mu Gong, one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period, all the rest were obtained from Rong in the west (west and east) (the western minority tribes claimed to have twelve countries). Halfway back to Chu, he was captured by Chu border soldiers. It is natural that Mu Gong, who heard of his sage, redeemed it with five black rams' skins. During the Song Dynasty (Yu Song), Ying Jian was a third uncle (Qishan, Shaanxi, born in the Song Dynasty). On the recommendation of Priscilla, Mu Gong was hired as a doctor with generous gifts, and worked in Jin State (adverbial post, in Jin, in Qin, in Wan, in Rong, etc.). ), and recruited the Pipaohe Palace. These (this) five people (five sons) didn't grow up (produce, grow up) in Qin, but (and) Mu Gong reused them, and as a result (then, then) annexed (merged, annexed) twenty small countries, making Qin dominate (bully, bully) Xirong. -Xiao Gong (the fourteenth generation grandson of Mu Gong) adopted (used, adopted and promoted) Shang Yang (a patriot in the Warring States period, surnamed Gong Sun, was famous. Named after the Shang Dynasty because of filial piety), it changed the backward customs (customs) of Qin State-changing customs, that is, changing customs. Intertextuality: Contextual meaning interpretation is complementary, that is, intertextuality sees meaning. For example, "The Bright Moon in Qin Dynasty and the Customs in Han Dynasty" and "Wang Zhihuan is out of the Great Wall"; "Three women leisurely rolled over the bullets invented by civilized people, how thrilling and great! Unfortunately, the great achievements of China soldiers in slaughtering women and children, and Eight-Nation Alliance's martial arts in punishing students were all obliterated by these bloodstains. " -"In Memory of Liu Hezhen"), the people are rich and strong (prosperous, rich and expensive, well-off), the country is rich and strong (prosperous), the people are willing to serve the country (willing to use it), and the vassal countries are obedient (pro-service, goodwill and obedience); It also defeated the army (division) of Chu and Wei, seized (raised) a land of thousands of miles, and still firmly ruled (ruled and stabilized) to this day. Strong, strong, strong). -King Hui of Qin adopted the Lian Heng plan of Zhang Yi (Ren Wei, Guiguzi's student, Su Qin's younger brother, then Qin Xiang) to capture (pull) Sanchuan (North Korean land, in Luoyang area, because there are Yellow River, Yihe River and Luohe River in China, so it is called "Sanchuan". According to Records of Historical Records and Biography of Zhang Yi, Qin Jun captured Sanchuan after Zhang Yi's death. ) area; To the west (west, west, nameless), Ba and Shu (east of Sichuan, Ba and Shu) were annexed, and to the north (Wei Xianzhi 15 county and Qin peace) and to the south (taking) the elevation of Hanzhong (Chu, 3 12 years ago). So (then) they broke up (scattered, broken, disintegrated) the alliance of the six countries (leaving, Hugh), making them all serve (serve) the state of Qin to the west (west, facing west, meaning surrender), and their efficacy (merit) has continued (giving, changing and continuing) to today (today). ——— Zhao Haoqi (son of Qin Huiwen Wang Xiang) got (ju 1, Ren Wei, who became the phase after entering Qin. He put forward the strategy of going from far to near, so that Qin gradually annexed the six countries. -In this way, we can see three people who played an important role in the history of Qin's powerful country: 1, filial piety in Shang Yang's political reform; 2. Zhang Yilianheng of Wang Huiwen; 3. When King Zhao Xiangguo was in Fan Sui, he was a distant relative-three generations were assisted by different people), abolished Anhou (that is, Wei Ran, the mother of King Zhao Xiangguo, was the half-brother of Queen Xu Antai, who was in charge of the Qin Dynasty for more than 30 years), and expelled Hua Yangjun (Hua Yangjun, the half-brother of Queen Xu Antai-Zhao Wang listened to Fan Sui's advice and dismissed Anhou and Hua Yangjun. These two sentences should be regarded as intertextuality), which strengthened (strengthened) the power of the royal family (public office), blocked the situation that (Du) powerful people monopolized politics (private door), and gradually embezzled (nibbled away, like silkworm eggs eating mulberry leaves. Silkworm, nameless) vassal (country), making Qin an emperor (king) (tyrant). These four monarchs (Mu, Xiao, Hui and Zhao) are all due to Ke Qing's contribution. From this point of view, (looking at it, looking at it, and helping it with words is meaningless), what are the sorry (negative) places of the guests (why) for Qin (now)? If (make, if. -The following is a hypothetical argument commonly used in argumentative writing. The four monarchs refused to be guests, closed their doors and accepted. ), alienate (alienate) foreign scholars (scholars) without (appointment), where (there is) will not (no) make (make) Qin (country, which means Qin) rich and powerful (rich, rich, beneficial) facts (facts, relative to the name, such as false name), (harmony, conjunction)

The second paragraph: take the historical examples as factual arguments to demonstrate the view that reusing Ke Qing is beneficial to Qin. The argumentation method adopted is induction from individual to general.

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The third paragraph: Your Majesty (Xiang) now has beautiful jade in Kunshan (in ancient times, it was said that the northern foot of Kunlun Mountain produced beautiful jade, in fact, Hotan, Xinjiang is the best place to produce beautiful jade in China), and there are pearls in the palace (with the small country in the early Zhou Dynasty, it is said that a wounded serpent recovered later, and the snake bit the pearl to repay the kindness), and Heshi jade-

-He Shibi's information: (According to legend, Bian He, a Chu man, got a rough jade and gave it to the King of Chu and the King of Wu successively, but his feet were cut off. After the reign of King Wen, he cut it into exquisite jade, which is called "He Shi Bi". After more than 370 years of Chu, all the vassal States wanted it. In the first 222 years, the first emperor was unified, and then it was made into a jade seal, which was inscribed on a bird and insect seal by Li Si: "I am destined to live forever." Later, Gao Han was raised by Liu Bang and was attacked from generation to generation. Since then, it has become a national treasure. When Wang Mang usurped power, the Queen Mother lost a corner of the national treasure, and Wang Mang was embedded in a gold bag. Since then, He Shibi has been handed down from generation to generation in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin Dynasties, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties and the peasant uprising army. In the later Tang Dynasty, Emperor Li Congke was abolished, and Shi Jingtang stayed behind in Beijing to collude with Qidan Yeludeguang to attack Luoyang. Li Congke set himself on fire with his national treasure and empress Liu. After that, He Shibi was suddenly lost after passing on 1700 years, and his whereabouts were unknown. -It is said that Mr. Zhang Yanju, a modern collector in China, saw a jade article "Move your fingers and shoot an arrow on your right thumb" on 1949. After 40 years of research, it is believed that it was used by Qin Shihuang, and the raw material is He Shibi, with the words "There are rubbings in Qin Shihuang's decree as evidence" written in Lisi's calligraphy. Because of Hebi's color change characteristics: the front white side is blue. )——

There are moon beads hanging on the clothes, Tai 'an sword (it is said that it is the most precious sword in ancient times, which was cast by Ou Yezi, a famous smelter of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period), and a rare thin horse (a famous horse in ancient times) stands with jade feathers on its flag. These (this) precious things are not produced by Qin (Yan, language gang, nonsense), but your majesty likes them very much (Yue family, meaning "Yue"). Why (he ye)? (If) yes (must) If the (institute) made in Qin is allowed (can) to be adopted (later), then (then) this (yes) luminous jade (Zhang Yi lobbied Chu for Qin, and the king of Chu presented the luminous jade to Qin) will never become the decoration of Qin's court (not decorating Qin's court); Objects carved with rhinoceros horn and ivory will not be what your majesty likes; Zheng and Wei (these two countries are famous for their ability to sing and dance, generally referring to the beauty of the world) can sing and dance, and women will not fill (fill) your majesty's harem; Northern famous horse (Liang Jun, good horse, good horse; Jue2ti2 (the name of a good horse) will never be enriched to your majesty's stable (stable, 94, stable); Suk Kim in the south of the Yangtze River will not be used by emperors, nor will painters in the west of Sichuan be used as decorations. For (so, for ...; Use, use; Decorate the harem, that is, dress up the concubines; The harem refers to the concubines who live in the harem and the concubines who serve widely (Chen refers to the ladies-in-waiting who stand under the hall; That is, as a maid-in-waiting), refreshing (entertaining, entertaining; Entertainment, moving), pleasing to the eyes and ears (speaking eyes and ears, making the eyes and ears happy; It is said that these things (moving) can only be used when the State of Qin is growing and producing (leaving the State of Qin). Then (at that time) the hair clasp inlaid with Wan Zhu (Baoyu) is decorated with jade pendant (symbol, attached). Those beautiful (beautiful) coquettish (gorgeous) graceful (gentle and graceful) can change (elegant) with the passage of fashion will not stand beside your majesty. -Cui Xiji said-hit the happy earthenware (percussion fou3 on the urn, all earthenware, Qin people play it as a musical instrument, which is relatively primitive and low-level), play (playing the Zheng), clap the thigh as the beat (kicking), and Wu Wu is singing. Then Zheng, Wei, Sang Jian (the place name of Wei, referring to the local Sang Jian music), (the music of Yu Shun) and (the music name) can all be regarded as foreign music (foreign music). Now (today), your majesty has abandoned (abandoned) the pleasure of knocking on pottery pots (jars) in the state of Qin, and used (just, use) Zheng and Wei (the joy of sensuality) instead of (returning). Why (if it is)? (Isn't it because of foreign music) Can you feel carefree (happy for the moment) and (can) meet (suit, meet) your own needs for watching movies? At this point, the discussion returned to the topic. But now your majesty is not like this (at that time) on the issue of using (taking) people (otherwise) Regardless of whether there is or not, regardless of merits and demerits, those who are not Qin will leave (go), and those who are (for) Keqing will be removed. Doing so (naturally) shows that (at that time) what your majesty valued (most importantly) was only in women's sex, lewd music, jewelry, beautiful jade and so on; What we despise (lightly) lies in (caring for) the people. This (this) is not a (non-) method (... method) that can be used to control the world (across the sea) and subdue the vassal (control the vassal)!

The third paragraph: Compared with today's Qin king who values music and pearls and jade, but despises talents, we can draw the conclusion that heavy things are lighter than people and its harm.

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The fourth paragraph: I heard (heard) that a vast land (vast land) means a large amount of food (vast land and abundant crops), a large country, a large population (large population in the country), a strong (strong) army (soldiers) and a brave (soldiers). Therefore, Mount Tai is not inferior to the soil, so it can be high. The Yellow River and the sea do not choose not to like (choose, choose, choose) the tiny water flow (trickle), so they can reach its depth (depth); The monarch does not abandon (abandon) many people, so he can make his morality more intelligent (wise and dynamic). Therefore, the land does not distinguish between the southeast and the northwest (there is no way), people do not distinguish between their own countries and other countries, and the four seasons are rich (the four seasons are beautiful), and the ghosts and gods have surrendered. This (this) is the reason why the five emperors and three kings can be invincible in the world. -and now, (yes) abandon (abandon) the people (Qian Shou, Qin disdains to live for Qian Shou) and help (capital) the enemy, abandon (and) talent (guest), so that the governors can achieve (industry, motivation, success), so that the sages of the world can return to their own countries and dare not come to the west.

The fourth paragraph: theoretically demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of accepting guests and expelling them. This is the central argument of this paragraph.

This paragraph is divided into two layers: the first layer demonstrates the benefits of accepting guests (taking the five emperors and three kings as positive arguments)

The second layer demonstrates the disadvantages of expelling customers (taking "Koubing stealing vegetables" as the negative argument)

Metaphor: "It's because Mount Tai ... rivers and seas don't choose ... deep" and "stealing food with soldiers"

Parallelism: "Because of Mount Tai, we can understand its virtues", "The vast land is rich in millet" ... Strong soldiers are brave ",and" The land is square ... ghosts and gods surrender "

Duality: "The land has no four sides, and the people have no foreign countries", "Abandoning the leader of Guizhou and defecting to the enemy, the guest is a vassal"

The combined use of rhetoric enhances persuasiveness and appeal.

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The fifth paragraph: those (husband) things (things) are not made in Qin, but Qin has many treasures; There are no able men and sages in the state of Qin, but many people are willing to work for the king of Qin. But now Qin is expelling guests to help the enemy (ostensibly) and harming its own people to benefit the enemy. As a result, Qin was weak at home, but a lot of resentment was built in other vassal States, demanding that the country was not in danger and could not go on.

The fifth paragraph: Summarize the full text. -close the second paragraph with "a scholar is not born in Qin, but is willing to be loyal"; -end every three paragraphs with a sentence "the husband's things are not produced in Qin dynasty, but there are many treasures"; (Two sentences can be summed up in two paragraphs, which can be described as incisive)-End the fourth paragraph with "Today's passenger-driver is the enemy's capital". -Finally, the central argument that begins with the word "it is not dangerous to seek the country, but it cannot be obtained" further highlights the theme of the article.