The surface temperature of the ball can be kept at an average of 65438 0.4℃. The increase of greenhouse gas concentration leads to the enhancement of atmospheric opacity to infrared radiation, which leads to the emission of effective radiation into space from lower temperature and higher altitude. This creates radiation forcing, and this imbalance can only be compensated by the temperature rise of the ground troposphere system. This is the "enhanced greenhouse effect". If this effect does not exist in the atmosphere, the surface temperature will drop by about 33 degrees or more. On the other hand, if the greenhouse effect continues to intensify, the global temperature will continue to rise year by year.
/kloc-The global surface temperature has increased by 0.2-0.69℃ during the 100 years since the 9th century. According to the data of 1880- 1998, the global warming trend is 0.53℃/ 100a. The temporal changes of lake freezing and melting recorded in Wisconsin and Japan during 150 years provide further evidence for global warming. In 1946- 1995, the freezing time of these lakes was 9.5d later and the melting time was 8.6d earlier. During this period, the average temperature increased by 65438 0.8℃. Climate warming mainly occurred in the 1920s-40s and since the mid-1970s. Since the 1980s, the global temperature has increased rapidly. Since the 1990s, the global average temperature has hit record highs for many times. In the past, 1990, 1995 and 1998 were the highest since meteorological records were recorded in the northern hemisphere. Generally speaking, global warming presents great regional differences. The warming in high latitudes is greater than that in low latitudes, and the warming on land is more obvious than that in the ocean. 1968 to 1984, a drought that shocked the world lasted for 17 years in the southern edge of sub-saharan Africa, causing huge economic losses and disasters to these countries, with more than 2 million deaths [3]. Desertification has narrowed the living space of living things, which has attracted great attention from scientific circles and governments all over the world. Previously, we proposed that climate cooling and tectonic activity weakening were the main causes of desertification, and human activities accelerated the process of desertification. China scientists' scientific investigation of Lop Nur provided irrefutable evidence.
⑥ Hypoxia
In a word, the molar mass of greenhouse gases is greater than that of oxygen. Although all the energy on the earth has been safely exploited and utilized by all countries in the world, the final state of the environment on the earth is similar to that of the earth 654.38 billion years ago. At that time, not only wild animals could not breathe oxygen, but even humans could not survive. More than half of the world's population lives in the coastal area of 100 km, and most of them live in urban areas near seaports. Therefore, the significant rise of sea level will cause serious economic damage to coastal low-lying areas and islands, such as accelerating the erosion of coastal beaches by seawater and pushing underground fresh water farther inland through rising seawater.
① agriculture
Experiments show that plants will grow faster and taller in the environment with high concentration of CO2. However, the result of "global warming" may affect the atmospheric circulation, and then change the global rainfall distribution and the water content of the surface soil on all continents. Due to the failure to clearly understand the impact of "global warming" on regional climate, the transformation of plant ecology has not yet been determined.
20 1 1 In May, Stanford University published a global warming study sponsored by RockefellerFoundation, which pointed out that the global temperature of agricultural products in the United States, Canada and Mexico is rising, from 1980 to 20 165438+. This is the first time that the United States has published a research report on the relationship between atmospheric temperature and crop yield. The report was published in the latest Science Express magazine.
David Lobell, an assistant professor of the Earth Environment System at Stanford University, said that the research started at 1980 to monitor the relationship between greenhouse effect and crop yield. It is pointed out that since 1980, the global wheat yield has decreased by 5.5% and the global corn yield has decreased by 4%, and the global rice and soybean have not been greatly affected.
Robert pointed out that the United States is the world's largest producer of corn and soybeans, accounting for about 40% of the global output, and has not been greatly affected by the greenhouse effect in the past 30 years. Robert stressed that "it has not been affected so far, and it is hard to say in the next decade. 」
Robert said that wheat outside the United States such as Russia, France, India and other countries; Corn production in China and Brazil has declined in the past 30 years. The corn and soybean producing areas in the United States are not affected by the greenhouse effect, which has aroused great interest of climatologists. Why are they not affected? "Scientists have re-examined the impact of the greenhouse effect in different parts of the world and explored whether there are other reasons for the greenhouse effect. 」
Robert pointed out that according to IPCC research since 1950, the average temperature of the earth rises by 0. 13 degrees Celsius every ten years. IPCC predicts that the temperature will rise even faster in the next 20 to 30 years. "If this prediction is true, crop yields in the United States and Canada will also be affected. 」
At the same time, the report pointed out that the global crop price increased by 20% from 1980 to 20 1 1.
② marine ecology
The disappearance of coastal marshes will definitely reduce the number of fish, especially shellfish. The salinity of estuary water quality may reduce the species of freshwater fish, on the contrary, the species of marine fish in this area may also increase relatively. As for the impact on the overall marine ecology, it is still unclear.
③ Water cycle
Global rainfall may increase. However, the change of regional rainfall is still unknown. Some areas may have more rainfall, but some areas may have less rainfall. In addition, the increase of temperature will increase the evaporation of water and put pressure on the use of surface water sources.
Scientists predict that if the earth's surface temperature continues to rise, by 2050, the global temperature will rise by 2-4℃, icebergs in polar regions will melt greatly, resulting in a sharp rise in sea level, and some island countries and coastal cities will be submerged in water, including several famous international cities: new york, Shanghai, Tokyo and Sydney.
④ The ratio of male to female is out of balance.
High temperature environment is easy to bring up boys and babies, and low temperature environment is easy to bring up girls and babies. Researchers are even more worried that under the greenhouse effect of rising global temperatures, the probability of a baby boy being born will be higher and higher, which may lead to an imbalance between men and women.
Previous studies have long found that the sex, birth time and environmental temperature of rats and bats are closely related. In order to find out the relationship between the sex of human babies and the ambient temperature, German researchers tracked the birth records between 1946- 1995 and compared the local temperature changes. The results show that April to June is the month with the most boys born, and 10 is the month with the least boys born.
Further analysis shows that the environmental temperature one month before fertilized eggs are combined, that is, the environmental temperature of boys and girls one month before sexual intercourse, is an important factor affecting the sex of babies. High temperature environment is easy to bring up boys and babies, and low temperature environment is easy to bring up girls and babies.
The reason why temperature affects the sex of the baby is that the researchers assume that high temperature will affect the X chromosome of sperm, making it difficult for female babies to be born; Low temperature will affect the Y chromosome of sperm, making it difficult for a baby boy to be born.
Another hypothesis is that the higher the temperature, the stronger the desire to have sex. High temperature environment will stimulate the increase of sexual frequency of men and women, and also make women more likely to get pregnant.
Other studies believe that sperm with Y chromosome can swim faster. But sperm with X chromosome is stronger. Therefore, in the case of frequent sexual behavior, sperm with Y chromosome is more likely to combine with eggs and give birth to a baby boy. In the case of decreased sexual behavior, sperm with X chromosome are more likely to wait for the opportunity to combine with eggs and give birth to female babies.
⑤ Farmland is flooded and malaria is rampant.
People in Catalina Island, dressed in traditional costumes, have always been happy in their life of knowing and doing, have been independent for hundreds of years, and have always maintained a traditional lifestyle. However, due to global warming caused by human destruction of the environment, they are facing the fate of being submerged by seawater. Paul Tabashi, an environmentalist on Katrina Island, said: "They were attacked by ocean forces and flooded constantly. The original area has been changed and destroyed, and almost all places have been submerged by seawater.
It is unbearable that mosquitoes and flies are swarming and malaria is rampant.
⑥ The Amazon rainforest gradually disappears.
The Amazon rainforest, the largest tropical rain forest in South America and even the world, is gradually disappearing, making the global warming crisis worse.
The Amazon rainforest, known as the lung of the earth, covers 5% of the earth's surface and produces 20% of oxygen and 30% of biological species in the world. Due to illegal logging and reclamation, the Amazon rainforest is disappearing at an area of 7,700 square miles per year, equivalent to the area of New Jersey. The disappearance of the rainforest will not only aggravate global warming, but also make many creatures that can only live in the rainforest face the crisis of extinction. In the past 40 years,
⑦ A new ice age is coming.
Another very serious consequence of global warming is the arrival of the ice age.
The melting of the Antarctic ice sheet has caused a large amount of fresh water to be injected into the ocean, and the concentration of seawater has decreased. As a result, the "ocean conveyor belt" gradually stopped: the warm current could not reach the cold sea; The cold current can't reach the warm sea. As the global temperature drops, another ice age is coming. Most parts of the northern hemisphere are frozen, and successive snowstorms and tornadoes will sweep across the mainland.
The ultimate harm: it may lead to the dinosaur era coming again!
(8) Greenhouse gas emissions reach the critical value.
According to the estimation of the International Energy Agency, nearly 30.6 billion tons of carbon dioxide was "pumped" into the atmosphere in 20 10. In 2009, the carbon dioxide content reached a worrying1.6gt. According to the carbon dioxide productivity of 20 10, it will soon reach the critical value of "dangerous climate change", and the global temperature will rise by 2 degrees Celsius. According to the authoritative economist of the International Energy Agency (IEA), it has become a very challenging thing to control the temperature rise below 2 degrees Celsius, and the prospect is very worrying.