Li Yu (937-978), whose real name is Jia Cong, whose real name is Shi Guang and whose real name is Zhong Yin, was the sixth son of Southern Tang Dynasty. Xuzhou people. Song Stegosaurus ascended the throne in Jinling in the second year (96 1) and reigned for fifteen years. He is called Li Houzhu. When he ascended the throne, the Southern Tang Dynasty had served Song Zhengshuo and settled in a corner of the south of the Yangtze River. In the seventh year of Song Kaibao (974), Song Taizu sent letters to the north many times, but he refused to leave. In October of the same year, Song Bing went south to attack Jinling. Next November, when the city is broken, the queen's flesh will come out naked, and she will be caught in Bianjing and sealed there, and she is not allowed to disobey her orders. Emperor Taizong ascended the throne and became the Duke of Longxi County. Taiping rejuvenating the country for three years (978), and Qixi was his 42nd birthday. Song Taizong hated him for saying that "the old country can't bear to look back on the bright moon" and ordered people to poison him up and down at the banquet. Queen Wu was sealed and buried in Mangshan, Luoyang.
Li Yu's ci poetry can be divided into two periods, one before and the other after the eighth year of Song Taizu Kaibao (975). His early ci poems have shown his extraordinary talents and superb skills, but the themes are narrow, mainly reflecting the palace life and the love between men and women, such as Jade House Spring, Late Makeup and Early Snow, Xi, Xiao Yuelu, Su, Mutual Assistance, Morning Makeup, Bodhisattva Man and so on. There are also works about parting lovesickness, such as Qing Ping Le and Don't Come to Spring Half. Among them, lyrical scenery is integrated, healthier and more readable. In the later period, Li Yu became a prisoner from an emperor. The humiliating life, the deep pain of national subjugation, and the reminiscence of the past, "Lacrimosa" (Wang□ "Silent Record") made his achievements in Ci greatly exceed the previous period. "Forty Years of Home Country" reflects the turning point of his life experience and ci style. Yu Meiren's When is the Autumn Moon in Spring, The Waves on the Sand, The Rain outside the Curtain, Crying at Night, Flowers in the Woods Withering in Spring, and Lonely West Building are his later masterpieces, which mainly describe the scene of dreaming at the hedge and express his infinite nostalgia for his "old country" and "the past".
Li Yu's Ci has inherited the tradition of Hua Jian Ci poets such as Wen and Wei Zhuang since the late Tang Dynasty, and was influenced by Li Jing and others, which promoted the creation of Ci. The main results are as follows:
(1) expands the expression field of words. Li Yu's previous writings were mainly erotic and shallow in content. Even if it contains a little hug, it mostly adopts figurative techniques, which are hidden but not revealed. However, most of Li Yu's works are straightforward, pouring out his life and feelings of the country and expressing his true feelings. Therefore, Wang Guowei said, "When Ci came to Li Houzhu, it began to have a broad vision and deep feelings, so it became a musician's word and a scholar-bureaucrat's word." ("Words on Earth")
② It has high universality. Li Yu's ci often reflects a certain realm of universal significance in real life through concrete and sensible personality images. Famous sentences such as "The east wind blew in the small building last night, so my country can't bear to look back at the bright moon in the middle of the month" ([Yu Meiren]), "The flowing water has gone to spring, and it is on earth" ([Langtaosha]), "People hate water when they grow up" ([Wu Yeti]), and "They are born farther away from hatred like spring grass" ([Qingpingle]) are all profound.
③ Language is natural, refined and expressive. His writing is not gorgeous, but touching; Not vague, but meaningful; Form a fresh and beautiful artistic feature.
(4) originality in style. Hua and Southern Tang poets are generally good at euphemism, while Li Yu is good at euphemism. For example, Hao Dang by [Yulouchun], Blood Night Cry by [Langtaosha], Magnificent and Resentful Men and Women (see Tan Xian's Tang Fu Flower Thorn) and Yu Meiren are chic, and If a colt is born out of control (preface to Zhou Ji), as Nalan Xingde said, "Flower words are like ancient jade, which are valuable and valuable. (Miscellaneous Notes of Green Water Pavilion)
Li Yu is rich in poems, essays, words, books and paintings. His veteran said that he had 30 volumes of anthology and 100 essays. Li Yuji 10 is included in Reading in the County Zhai, and Nan Tang 10 is included in History, Art and Literature of Song Dynasty, both of which have been lost. There are two main characters, 1 Volume South Tang, in Zhi Zhai Shu Lu to solve the problem. At present, there are 34 Li Yu's poems in Mohuazhai (1620) in the forty-eighth year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty, among which Looking at Jiangnan can be divided into two. Shao Changguang recorded another 65,438+0 poems in the post-Qing period, and Wang Guowei supplemented nine poems of the Southern Tang Dynasty in modern times, but there seem to be many problems. According to the opinions of most modern scholars, only 32 poems can be identified as Li Yu's. In Qing Dynasty, Liu Ji wrote Two Essentials of Southern Tang Dynasty, Tang Guizhang wrote Two Essentials of Southern Tang Dynasty, and Wang Zhongwen wrote Two Essentials of Southern Tang Dynasty. Zhan Antai's Li Jing Li Words has detailed annotations. For his deeds, see History of the New Five Dynasties, History of the Song Dynasty, Book of Southern Tang Dynasty written by Ma Ling and Lu You, and Chronicle of Two Masters of Southern Tang Dynasty written by Xia.
The late Lord has a collection that has been lost. There are 46 words, of which only 38 words can be confirmed by previous works or others.
Li Yu, Queen of Southern Tang Dynasty, and his confidante.
Li Yu, the leader of the late Southern Tang Dynasty, left a vivid impression in the minds of future generations, that is, he left us many fragrant, warm and sad words. His ci did cause him indelible greatness, so later generations evaluated him not only as a former monarch, but also as an "emperor in ci".
But we should know that his success-the success of literature-can't forget a woman he is obsessed with-a few weeks later.
A few weeks later, E Huang was born in 936, one year older than his late master. In the records of literature and history, she is indeed an affectionate and wise woman, because most of the ancient emperors had other ladies in his court, and the rare beauty in 3,000 years rarely put all their souls on one empresses, and rarely did not change their love, but expressed it in literature. A week later, she was loved by an affectionate emperor and showed her love in literature. Of course, she is a well-qualified and talented woman.
According to Lu You's Book of Southern Tang Dynasty, she is proficient in book history, melody and especially pipa. Yuan Zong (the late father) appreciated his art and gave him a traffic pipa. My late master missed my hometown, and then invited me to dance drunk. They have re-lit the colorful feather, which is the most popular music in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty. The music is unique to the later masters, but it is easy to be mistaken for the later generations, and it is quite gloomy, complicated, novel and clear.
She often plays the music of her former teacher and is highly praised by her former teacher. This is the driving force behind her lyrics.
Li Yu's first work, Huanxi Yarn;
The red sun is three feet high, and the golden furnace adds incense to the beast for the second time, and the red brocade lichen wrinkles with every step. Beauty dances with golden hairpin, wine can't smell flowers, and other halls can smell flute and drum.
Write down the feelings after infatuation and the romantic scenes in the deep palace. Please read his Welcome to the Beads:
At the beginning of the small makeup, Shen Tan gently injected some flowers, exposed a little lilac to people, and sang a clear song, which temporarily caused the cherry to break. The sleeves are worn out. The cup is deeply whirled by the fragrant mash, and the embroidered bed leans against jiao, chewing red velvet and laughing at Tan Lang.
This intimate ambiguity and the tenderness of children are really written naked. "Chewing red velvet and laughing at Tan Lang" is not strange to modern people, but it was strange enough in feudal society thousands of years ago.
After the sentimental week, the poet's pen of my late master was moved to launch the sentimental week to pay tribute to eternity. Literature is the product of environment and emotional communication, which has been completely confirmed here.
Life always has a happy ending, and unfortunate things will come to the happiest people one day. When he was twenty-eight, he fell ill a week later. After the Lord sees food day and night, he can't taste the medicine until it's close, and those who don't take off their clothes are tired, such as waiting on their parents. However, a few weeks later, it was finally blown away by the autumn wind. At that time, the late Lord stood up in grief, and his staff was later raised. Just like his mourning, he jumped into the well to be martyred and survived. He also invented thousands of words, all of which were extremely sour.
It was a great misfortune for the deceased. Later, she was buried in Yiling, Zhao Hui, posthumous title. You can see the mood of the deceased from the following words. Please look at this song:
Beads are precious in front of you, and the flowers are unforgettable in the world, but I hate them so much that I lost them. Jade barnyard grass is still full of medicine, and the incense has been stained with dust. There will be feelings before and after the funeral, and there will be no tears when touching the towel.
Beauty is like a fragrant tree, but the dangerous road is similar. It is sad to practice spring, but it is also bitter and rainy. Where is Lily today? What is lost is empty. Nowhere to ask, the Millennium thanks the east wind.
This word expresses the late master's deep affection for Zhou Zhou and his deep sorrow and great pain.
After the death of his beloved wife, this kind of pain and stimulation has been deeply rooted in his heart, dragging him from a gentle and intoxicated country to a sad and miserable situation, so his words have changed from "chewing red velvet" to "who leans on the railing with tears" and "the autumn wind is many ... the night is long and people are helpless", which gives him a lot of material for words.
After Zhou Zhou's death, she was able to make her late master make fragrant remarks, but after her death, she was influenced to make sentimental remarks. This achievement is something that future generations should thank her for.
Since ancient times, literati and beautiful women have been inextricably linked; How many great literary and artistic works have the theme of vanilla beauty. "Twelve Women in Jinling" and "Twelve Women in Jinling" in A Dream of Red Mansions are both peerless beauties.
Indeed, the magic of beauty is enough to induce the hearts of literati and make them write literature with blood and tears. The late Lord won't be an emperor, but he inadvertently became an emperor between the lines and was praised by later generations above all emperors. Who says this is not the power of Zhou Zhou?
Comment on Li Yu, Queen of Southern Tang Dynasty
Li Yu, a poet, was also the last monarch in the Southern Tang Dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. It is also one of the historical model figures who amaze the world by "not loving mountains and rivers but loving beauty".
He is the sixth son of Li Jing. According to relevant historical records, he was born with strange appearance and intelligent talent. Because of his gentle personality, he didn't want to get involved in the political disputes of his first clan, so he avoided books, art and love. It is precisely because of his devotion to Our Nature that he can "learn the Six Classics, master the White House" and "be familiar with temperament". Quiet and elegant ","good at painting, believing in Buddhism ". Especially in poetry and songs, it is even more painstaking. Give full play to the affection, affection and love in human nature, and be worthy of being handed down from generation to generation.
Although there are only over 30 Li Yu's ci poems, they are all treasures of literary creation, among which the first one is the most famous.
His poems are charming, fragrant and full of amorous feelings. Concentrate on the heart, imperceptibly; Deep sadness and depression, truthfulness, truthfulness and nature are always good.
Wang Guowei described Li Yu in "The Thorn on Earth". It is said that "when the poet arrived in Li Houzhu, his eyes began to widen, and his feelings were almost deep ..." "Those who are childlike are also" "The shallower he looks at the world, the truer his temperament is, and Li Houzhu is also".
I think his writing, though gentle and melancholy, is elegant and graceful.
If he describes people's loneliness, don't hate the melancholy and sadness. ...
One of his songs "Young Beauty" and "When is the Spring Flower and Autumn Moon? What do you know about the past? ”。 The small building was easterly again last night, and the old country could not bear to look back on the moon. Carved fences and jade bricks should still exist, but Zhu Yan changed them. How much sadness can you have? Like a river flowing eastward. "Tao exhausted people's attachment to the past and years.
A song "Night Cry" "Xie Chunhong, so anxious! Helpless, cold rain comes early and wind comes late. Colorful tears make people intoxicated. When will it be heavy? Pretend to hate water Dong Chang! " Time flies, and people are helpless in the face of fate.
In addition, his description of natural scenery and beautiful scenery is also perfect.
Take one of his poems "Wang Jiangmei" as an example: "I dream far away and the south is prosperous; On the boat, the strings of the river flow, and the city is busy killing the flower watchers. Idle dreams, clear autumn in the south; Thousands of miles away from the cool color, the boat is deep in the reeds, and the flute is in the moon building. " How can this scene not make people sigh! From here, I hope to visit the holiday resorts in the south.
And his song "butterfly lovers", "Wandering in the remote night pavilion, seeing the Qingming at first sight, going to bed early hurts the spring dusk. Counting the rain and the wind, the hazy and pale moon clouds come and go. Peach, plum and spring are warm, who is whispering in the swing and laughter? There are thousands of hearts in Qian Qian, and there is no arrangement in the world. "
The song "Troupe" is "Quiet in the deep courtyard, empty in the small courtyard, intermittent cold anvil, intermittent wind. But the night is long, and the sound of the moon comes to the curtain! "
The song "Waves on the Sand" "The sound of rain is gurgling in the curtain, and the spring scenery is fading away, so Luo Yi can't bear the five watches. I didn't know I was a guest in my dream. I was greedy. Seeking defeat alone, not relying on fences, infinitely harvesting mountains, easy to see when it is difficult, running water is gone, and heaven and earth are also. "
The song "Huanxisha" is like a dream. I want to find the past and mourn for others. God's will goes against my body. When the moon pool is empty and the water disappears, the flower pavilion is reflected. I will take more clothes without hesitation when I board the plane! "
"Huihuan" song "Going to the West Chamber alone without words, the moon is like a hook; Lonely phoenix tree deep courtyard locks clear autumn. It' s a parting, and it' s not a taste in my heart. "
They all engraved the helplessness and sadness of people's unfulfilled wishes, the sadness that blood is thicker than water after parting and thousands of thoughts in their hearts. Everything makes people cry.