1, follwed posthumous title?
Follwed has no posthumous title and no temple name. Because a new building was built on behalf of the Han Dynasty, Jianyuan was "founded" and was called Jianxing Emperor.
In the fifth year of Emperor Ping of Han Dynasty (AD 5), Emperor Ping fell ill and Wang Mang died praying for him. In December of the 5th year of Yuan Dynasty (AD 6), Emperor Han Ping died of illness. In order to prevent the older new emperor from ascending to the throne, Wang Mang appointed Liu Ying, the great-grandson of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, who was only two years old, as the Crown Prince. Empress Dowager Tai, adhering to the will of ministers, called Wang Mang the agent of the emperor, called him a fake emperor, while his subjects called him the emperor, and Wang Mang called himself "giving alms".
At this time, Wang Mang was 5 1 year old, with a value of 6 AD, and transferred to the first year of photography. Wang Mang's power in North Korea was in full swing, almost equal to that of the emperor, which aroused strong opposition from the opposition, mainly Liu Zongshi. First of all, Ann Liu Zhonghou made a fuss. In the first year of Jushe (AD 6), Liu Chong led more than 100 people to attack Wancheng, but Liancheng Gate did not break down. In September of the following year, Zhai Yi, the satrap of the East County, rose up, made Liu Xin, the Hou of Yan Township, emperor, and announced that Zhao Ming, the "thief" of the 23rd county west of Chang 'an, also rose up. Wang Mang was too scared to eat any food. He prayed in the ancestral temple day and night, and wrote an article imitating Dabao, explaining that his position is temporary and he must return the throne to the obedient baby in the future. At the same time, follwed constantly mobilized troops to suppress and destroy Zhai Yi's army. The following year, Wang Mang sent Wang Yi to quell the rebellion, and Wang Mang proclaimed himself emperor.
After Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, ministers and scholars of the imperial court were talking about disasters and abdication. At that time, people thought that disaster was God's condemnation of the loss of virtue. Some people played Zen in the era of Zhao Hong and Xuan Di, and even listened to the words of alchemists and Confucian scholars when mourning the emperor, but after the reform, the decline of the Western Han Dynasty remained. The social psychology influenced by the concept of suffering and abdication provided conditions for Wang Mang to replace Han Dynasty.
However, Wang Mang made good use of it, and all those who gave their lives were richly rewarded. The famous mourner even wrote a letter to the Emperor Gaozu Hall to the effect that Mang was the only thrill, and all eleven people at the table had official titles. In December of the first year of Gui Youshuo (65438+ 10/5 AD 9), Wang Mang forced the king to surrender the imperial edict, accepted the surrender of his courtiers, proclaimed himself emperor, entered the temple of Gaozu to be worshipped, crowned the son of heaven, changed the title of the country to "new", changed Wang Mang to the new ancestor, and changed it to Chang 'an, calling it "the first year of the founding of the People's Republic of China". Wang Mang worked for eight years from Han Angong to a fake emperor and then to a real emperor. In addition to the aristocratic revolution and the civilian revolution, the China dynasty set another example of usurpation.
2. Is Wang Mang the emperor?
Wang Mang is the emperor. In the evaluation of Wang Mang, the evaluation of rebels, thieves and hypocrites is relatively pertinent (in terms of what Wang Mang did), but the evaluation of his reform measures is unreasonable.
We all know that reform will touch the interests of the ruling class in the past. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang took a series of reform measures to alleviate the land contradiction in the case of serious land annexation. However, these reform measures are misunderstood by future generations because they are too advanced, and they are also too advanced. Up to now, many people joked that Wang Mang was an emperor who "crossed" into ancient times.
At that time, Wang Mang's reform measures mainly covered four directions: land reform, currency reform, business reform and official county name reform. Among them, Wang Mang's land reform was too advanced, just like the land reform after the founding of New China, which nationalized the land.
Because private ownership of land was implemented at that time, after more than 0/00 years of development, cultivated land was monopolized by the landlord class. A large number of farmers lost their land and became landless. In order to solve this contradiction, Wang Mang forcibly nationalized the land and implemented public ownership of the land. However, Wang Mang is not a modern man after all. After the nationalization of land, he didn't know how to redistribute it, but studied the well field system in the Western Zhou Dynasty. This mode of distribution made the original landlord class dissatisfied, and so did the peasant class who lost their land. In the end, Wang Mang's land public ownership reform failed.
3. How to evaluate Wang Mang's reform?
Currency reform is the most unsuccessful place for Wang Mang. At that time, Wang Mang adopted the "treasure system". The so-called "treasure system" consists of five products, six products and twenty-eight products. Five products refer to copper, shellfish, turtle, silver and gold, and six products are six general terms of money: spring goods, shellfish, cloth goods, turtle treasures, silver goods and gold. Twenty-eight products are worth twenty-eight cents.
In Wang Mang's view, the core of "treasure system" is to use cheap monetary materials to obtain copper coins equivalent to money and reduce the waste of metal resources. You should know that the five baht money in the Western Han Dynasty itself is equivalent to money. Even if it is melted and recast by the regime change, it is still equivalent to the original, and Wang Mang's "treasure system" is a pile of waste after the regime change.
In fact, the "treasure system" is not without its merits. It is the same as paper money and unequal coins used in society now. As long as the country is stable and the currency value is stable, the "treasure currency system" is an advanced reform. However, when Wang Mang implemented it, because of too much money, it disturbed the economic order and led to a sharp drop in the price of money, which caused dissatisfaction from all walks of life.
Business reform is one of the few "good strategies" of Wang Mang. Two years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Wang Mang, the Emperor of Jianxing, ordered "opening credit loans", and Zhang Li set various examples. "Opening a credit loan" was the earliest government loan in ancient China. People can borrow money from the government for funeral or sacrifice, and only need to return the principal without interest. If you borrow money from the government for agricultural and commercial production, the government will charge one tenth of the net profit as interest.
The main content of the so-called "Five Generals" is to set up five generals in Chang 'an and five major cities in China, including Handan, Luoyang, Linzi, Wan and Chengdu. The tasks of the five senses are: first, to collect taxes according to the operating conditions of various industries and businesses; The second is to manage the price in the market. If the price is too high, the government will sell the controlled inventory materials at a fair price to stabilize the price. It is a bit like the planned economy regulation during the construction period, or the Keynesian government in western society intervened in the economy.
In addition, Wang Mang also made six decrees to nationalize wine, salt, iron and casting money. There are even forced labor and punishment measures for unemployed people. It is stipulated that everyone should hand in a piece of cloth every year. If they can't pay, the government will force them to work hard and provide food and drink during the hard labor.
In addition to restructuring, Wang Mang also attached great importance to the research of science and technology. He personally dissected the human body to promote medical progress and invented the original vernier caliper. From the point of view of principle, performance and application, this vernier caliper is very similar to modern vernier caliper, which is 1700 years earlier than the west.
Disclaimer: The above content comes from the Internet, and the copyright belongs to the original author. If there is any infringement of your original copyright, please let us know and we will delete the relevant content as soon as possible.