1. the evolution of Guangzhou's administrative system in different historical periods Nanhai county was established in Qin and Han dynasties. In the Qin Dynasty, in 22 1 year BC, Qin Shihuang unified China, and in 33 years (2 14 year BC), Nanhai County was established in Guangzhou. At that time, Ren Xiao, the commander of Nanhai County, built a wall near the old warehouse lane of Zhongshan No.4 Road, which was called Ren Xiaocheng, and Guangzhou was the seat of the county government. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the administrative jurisdiction of Nanhai County started from Guanpingshi in the north, near Zhangpu in Fujian in the east and Zhanjiang in the west, covering an area of about 6.5438+0.4 million square kilometers. Later, Zhao Tuo continued to serve as the commander-in-chief of Nanhai County, and at the end of the Qin Dynasty and the beginning of the Han Dynasty, he proclaimed South Vietnam as the emperor, and his jurisdiction was extended to Leizhou Peninsula (Xiang Jun) and Guilin, Guangxi. And northern Vietnam.
After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty pacified South Vietnam in BC 1 165438, the former Zhao Tuo separatist region was divided into nine counties (later reduced to seven counties), and Guangzhou was still called Nanhai County, which belonged to the toe-crossing department and later called Jiaozhou, and the administrative scope of Nanhai County was reduced. Jiaozhou Prefecture moved to Wuzhou, Guangxi, and Guangzhou City once declined. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Guangzhou belonged to the State of Wu. In 2 16, bu zhi, the secretariat of the state of Wu, moved the rule of Jiaozhou from Wuzhou to Guangzhou, and changed it to Guangzhou in 226, hence the name Guangzhou. The administrative area of Guangzhou in Han Dynasty was about 6.5438+0.05 million square kilometers. Guangzhou in the Jin Dynasty was also called Nanhai County, a place ruled by the state. However, the administrative jurisdiction of Nanhai County is smaller than that of Han Dynasty, which divided Meixian, Chaoshan and Huiyang in the east. Nanhai County in Jin Dynasty covers an area of about 46,000 square kilometers. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui Dynasty, Guangzhou was still a city governed by prefectures and counties, and the scope of prefectures and counties changed slightly. During the Jin, Tang and Song Dynasties, Guangzhou in the Tang Dynasty was called the Governor's Mansion of Guangzhou, and it was the location of Lingnan Taoist Temple and Governor's Mansion. The administrative boundaries of Guangzhou Dudufu extend to Baoan and Zhongshan in the south, Qingyuan in the north and Sihui in the west. Huaiji covers an area of about 42,000 square kilometers. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Ada proclaimed himself emperor in Guangzhou, which was known as the Southern Han Kingdom in history. He took Guangzhou as his palace, imitating the imperial capital Chang 'an, and set up Xianning and Changkang counties in Guangzhou. In the Song Dynasty, in 970 AD, after the Southern Han Dynasty in Song Ping, Fei Xing Wang Fu was still called Guangzhou (the name of Guangzhou has been used to this day), and Guangzhou was ruled by Guangnan East Road (Guangdong for short). The name of Guangdong Province begins). The administrative area of Guangzhou is about 43,000 square kilometers. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Guangzhou was called Guangzhou Road (Yuan Dynasty) and guangzhou fu (Ming and Qing Dynasties), both of which were provinces (Guangdong Road in Yuan Dynasty, Guangdong Chief Secretary in Ming Dynasty and Guangdong Province in Qing Dynasty). Although the administrative area has changed, it is not big. Until the Qing Dynasty, the administrative area of guangzhou fu was about 3 1 10,000 square kilometers, which was larger than one city and six counties in Guangzhou. Area 1. 1 ten thousand square kilometers. Before liberation, when the Kuomintang ruled, Guangzhou was designated as a city and remained the seat of the provincial capital. The administrative area of Guangzhou is much smaller than that of previous historical periods. South to Henan Island and Fangcun, east to Chebei and north to Baihuichang, covering an area of 248 square kilometers. After liberation, Guangzhou was once designated as a municipality directly under the central government, and in 1954, when the national administrative divisions were adjusted, it was changed to a provincial city. Due to the production and urban development, the administrative area of Guangzhou has been expanded several times, and now the area of Guangzhou (urban and suburban areas) is 1.345 square kilometers, and that of Guangzhou (including six counties of Conghua, Huaxian, Zengcheng, Panyu, Longmen and Xinfeng) is 1.756 square kilometers. 2. The population development of Guangzhou in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The Neolithic Guangzhou was far away from here, and the ancestors of the Yue nationality lived here. At present, many Neolithic sites have been discovered, such as Fei 'eling in Dongxiao. Unearthed cultural relics include right-handed runners, right-handed shovels and stone axes for agricultural production, Shi Mao and stone arrows for hunting, pottery net pendants for fishing and pottery spinning wheels for textile. It shows that the ancestors of ancient Guangzhou have been engaged in agricultural production and fishing and hunting activities, but because they are located in the border of the motherland, too far away from the Central Plains of the Yellow River Basin, and there is little traffic, they are sparsely populated and backward in culture, economy and technology. After Qin Shihuang unified the whole country, he set up a county in Guangzhou, and only then did he have more traffic with the Yellow River Basin in the Central Plains. Chinese culture and advanced production technology were gradually introduced and exchanged. When Qin Shihuang pacified South Vietnam, he organized 500,000 Han troops from the mainland and organized them into five armies. Each army of 100,000 men attacked South Vietnam in five ways. Among them, three troops were stationed in Guangdong and one in Guangzhou, which made Han Chinese and Vietnamese live together. The culture and production technology of the Central Plains began, and Han Chinese flowed into Guangzhou. During the Han, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and other dynasties, there were frequent wars in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins, and the population and economy were greatly damaged by the war, and the population of the whole country was greatly reduced. However, Guangzhou is relatively stable because it has not been destroyed by the war. On the contrary, the population of Han nationality in the mainland moved south to seek refuge, but the population gradually increased, which promoted economic development. According to historical records, before the Han Dynasty, the population density of Guangzhou was about 0. 15 households per square kilometer. In the Sui Dynasty, the population density increased to 0.5 to 1 household per square kilometer in about 500 to 600 years, an increase of five or six times. In the Song Dynasty, Guangzhou's population and economy developed rapidly, and the population density increased to 3-4 households per square kilometer, with a total population of more than 6.5438+0.8 million (compared with 6.5438+0.7 million in South Han). During the Song Dynasty, there was mainly war in the north, but the Song Dynasty actively exploited the south, and a large number of Han people in the north moved south. According to historical records, the newly moved household registration at that time was called "guest", accounting for 55% of the total number of households in Guangzhou, so the population grew rapidly. Since the Qing Dynasty, the population of Guangzhou has developed more rapidly. According to records, during the reign of Jing Jiaqing, the population density of guangzhou fu reached more than 200 people per square kilometer, with a total population of 5 million. The population changes in various historical periods in Guangzhou, from Jin to Qing for more than 1000 years, the population basically rose in a straight line, and the growth rate was very fast. It greatly exceeds the whole country, and the growth rate of the whole province (from 4th century to16th century, the national population growth rate was 0.5 times, that of Guangdong province was 2.7 times, and that of Guangzhou area was more than 7 times) is mainly due to the economic development and the gradual southward migration of the Han population in the north. Before liberation, the urban population of Guangzhou was 800,000 in the 1920s, over 654.38+00,000 in the 1930s, and the lowest in the 1940s (Japanese occupation period) was 540,000. The population in the highest year was 6.5438+0.42 million, and it was about 6.5438+0.20 million on the eve of liberation. Name and population density of Guangzhou in Tang Dynasty (population per square kilometer): 0. 15 households19,000 households in Nanhai County of Jin Dynasty: 0.8 households with 37,000 households in Nanhai County of Sui Dynasty: 0.15 ~/kloc-0 households with 30,000 households in Guangzhou in Tang Dynasty: L- Guangzhou in Song Dynasty: 3-4 households 10 households.