First, the description of teaching materials

This passage is rewritten according to the plot of "borrowing an arrow from a straw boat" in China's famous classical historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. The story of a straw boat borrowing an arrow happened at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan fought in their own way. At that time, Cao Cao had just defeated Liu Bei and sent troops to attack Sun Quan, so Liu Bei and Sun Quan joined forces to resist Cao Cao. Liu Bei sent Zhuge Liang to Sun Quan for help in the war. Zhuge Liang's story of "borrowing an arrow from a boat" happened when Sun and Cao resisted. Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang's talent and asked Zhuge Liang to build 100 thousand arrows in ten days to frame him. Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu fought wits and used clever tricks to borrow arrows from Cao Cao, which foiled Zhou Yu's plot against him and showed Zhuge Liang's courage and wisdom.

According to the order of things, the text first wrote the reason why the straw boat borrowed the arrow; Then he wrote Zhuge Liang's "Grass Boat Borrows Arrows to Prepare"; Then focus on the process of borrowing arrows from grass boats; Finally, I wrote the result of the incident-the arrow was delivered to Zhou Yu as scheduled, and Zhou Yu sighed.

Zhuge Liang, praised in the article, was called "calculating" by Zhou Yu. Guiding students to understand Zhuge Liang's "clever calculation" is the focus of this course. As far as the content of this lesson is concerned, Zhuge Liang's ingenuity is mainly manifested in the following aspects.

I know Zhou Yu's sinister intentions. When Zhou Yu asked him to make 100 thousand arrows in ten days, he had already seen through Zhou Yu's harmful heart, because he could not "make" 100 thousand arrows in ten days anyway. However, he quietly and unexpectedly proposed that it only took three days, and he made a written pledge to fulfill a military order according to Zhou Yu's wishes. Zhou Yu was overjoyed and thought his plot had succeeded. In fact, Zhuge Liang has a clever plan in mind.

A clever plan to borrow arrows from all sides. He counted the weather and knew that there must be heavy fog at four o'clock on the third day; He came up with a way to collect arrows. Twenty ships were connected by ropes, lined up and collected arrows on both sides. He was also a good man. Knowing that Lu Su was honest and trustworthy, he borrowed a boat from him. Knowing that Zhou Yu was smart, he didn't let Lu Su borrow a boat from Zhou Yu. Knowing that Cao Cao was cautious and suspicious, he couldn't see the truth clearly and wouldn't send troops easily, so he made a big noise and pretended to attack Cao Cao in a foggy night. He was puzzled even after Zhou Yu took the arrow, but he would never ask the reason directly, so he asked Lu Su to take the arrow in the same boat as a witness. He went back and told Zhou Yu about the process of taking the arrow, and gave Zhou Yu a head-on sap, so that he could clearly see the fiasco of his plot.

In this seemingly calm, laughing, Zhuge Liang won easily, without direct conflict with Zhou Yu, taking care of the overall situation of the Sun-Liu alliance.

Second, learning objectives

1. Learn seven new words in this lesson and read and write the following words correctly: Zhuge Liang, jealousy, commander-in-chief, punishment, drumming, shouting, prime minister, clever calculation.

2. Read the text in different roles. Retell the text.

3. Understand the content of the text and the clever calculation of Zhuge Liang.

Third, teaching suggestions

1. Let students read by themselves in since the enlightenment, and cultivate students' ability to quickly extract relevant information from the text. In teaching, we can start with the topic and let students ask questions around the topic. For example, "What do you mean by borrowing an arrow from a straw boat?" "Why borrow an arrow from a straw boat?" "What was the result?" Then study independently, read the text carefully, sort out the context of the article, and understand the cause, process and result of the matter.

2. The focus of this course is to guide students to understand Zhuge Liang's ingenious calculation. How to guide? On the basis of students' full reading and familiarity with the content of the text, Zhou Yu's words in the text are used to summarize the characteristics of Zhuge Liang. Then guide the students to find out what Zhuge Liang did and why. For example, why dare to sign a military order and hand in 100 thousand arrows three days later? Why and?

Lu Su borrowed the boat and didn't tell Zhou Yu? Why did you choose to borrow an arrow when it was foggy? Why are the ships connected in a row? Why let the sergeant beat the drums and shout? Why does the bow face west first and then east? ..... Find out these "why", and students will have some understanding of Zhuge Liang's ingenious plan.

3. The second question of "Thinking and Practice" guides students to read independently and explore cooperatively. On the basis of reading the text well, the teacher can encourage students to ask questions that they are interested in or don't understand and discuss with you. On the basis of group discussion, teachers can choose some comprehensive questions, such as "what is the reason for the success of borrowing arrows from grass boats", and organize class discussion. Students should be encouraged to express their opinions, especially those with original ideas.

There are four main characters in this paper, with distinct personalities and different languages. Zhou Yu's insidious and cunning, Zhuge Liang's calm and self-confidence, Lu Su's faithfulness and honesty, and Cao Cao's caution and suspicion are all fully reflected. There is a lot of dialogue in the text, especially in the second paragraph. The dialogue between Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang can well reflect their personality characteristics and inner activities. You can ask your deskmate to read aloud in different roles. On the basis of reading well and smoothly, we should also read out the different personality characteristics of the characters: Zhou Yu is polite on the surface and hidden in his heart; Zhuge Liang knew that Zhou Yu was up to no good, but he focused on the overall situation, calm and confident. Read, discuss and comment, understand the different characteristics of their language attitudes and read different tones. On this basis, let the students combine freely and perform the text.

5. This lesson tells stories, which is interesting and can guide students to grasp the narrative order of the text and repeat the text according to the requirements of the first question "Thinking and Practice". To put this requirement into practice, familiar reading of the text is the foundation, and students should be given more time to practice. In order to arouse students' enthusiasm, students can practice retelling the text through cooperative retelling and single retelling.

6. New words that should be paid attention to in this class.

In new words, "class" should be pronounced as léi, not Lé i. "Cheng" is pronounced as Ché ng, not Ché n. The word "Cheng" should remind students to pay attention to the order of strokes: Cheng.

The following text is explained for teachers' reference when they understand the textbook.

Jealousy: Resentment towards someone who is superior to oneself in talent, reputation, status or environment.

Military order: written after receiving military orders in operas and old novels, indicating that if you can't complete the task, you are willing to be punished according to military law.

Delay: delay, delay.

Doubt: This lesson refers to not understanding in your heart.

Scheduling: calling.

Virtual reality: virtual and real, generally referring to internal situation. This lesson refers to Cao Cao's ignorance of each other because of the fog on the river.

Crossbowman: Crossbow is an ancient weapon, a bow that uses mechanical power to shoot arrows. A crossbowman, a soldier in charge of archery in the ancient army.

Prime minister: the highest-ranking minister who assisted the king in ancient times.

Good at calculation: amazing wit, clever planning, predictive description, good at estimating objective situation and deciding strategy.

Fourth, reference materials.

Romance of the Three Kingdoms is one of the best classical novels in China, written by Luo Guanzhong. The novel is based on the history of the Three Kingdoms at the end of the Han Dynasty and the stories of the Three Kingdoms circulated among the people. This book has 120 chapters. The story begins with Liu's three wishes in Taoyuan and ends with the demise of Soochow. It describes the social struggle and extensive social life in the Three Kingdoms period at the end of Han Dynasty. Borrowing an arrow from a straw boat was rewritten according to the 46th chapter of Romance of the Three Kingdoms. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang is known as an outstanding politician and strategist. The author respects and praises him, especially his wisdom, which is not always in line with historical truth.

Zhuge Liang is Kong Ming, a statesman and strategist in Shu and Han Dynasties.

Zhou is a famous commander and governor.

Lu Jing was a famous soldier in the Three Kingdoms period. After Zhou Yu's death, he was the governor of Wu Dong's army.

Cao Cao was named Meng De, a politician and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period, and a prime minister when Emperor Han offered the emperor.