Armed forces with artillery, rocket launchers and campaign tactical missiles as the basic equipment to carry out ground fire assault missions.
It is an important part of the army and the main force of fire assault. It has strong firepower, long range, good accuracy and high maneuverability, and can carry out concentrated, sudden and continuous fire assault on ground and water targets.
It is mainly used to support and cover the combat operations of infantry and armored forces, cooperate with other services and arms, or carry out fire strikes independently. Artillery has the title of "God of War" in history.
Artillery can be divided into team artillery and reserve artillery according to the affiliation; According to the movement mode, it can be divided into motorized artillery (mechanized artillery) and mule-horse artillery; According to the operational performance of the equipment, it is divided into howitzers, cannons, mountain guns, rockets, mortar guns, anti-tank guns and ground-to-ground campaign tactical missile units. Team artillery refers to the artillery in the integrated military system at all levels below the group army, which is called "field artillery" in countries such as Britain, America and France.
Reserve antiaircraft gun is an artillery subordinate to the high command or military region (army), which is called "high command reserve antiaircraft gun" in some countries. Motorized artillery refers to the artillery and its supporting equipment that are loaded by its own power or by cars and tracked vehicles.
Mule-horse gun refers to artillery, instruments and other equipment used for sports that are towed or carried by mules and horses. Mountain artillery is an artillery mainly equipped with light cannons, howitzers and mortars, which is used to fight in mountainous areas and inaccessible undulating areas.
Anti-tank gun is an artillery with anti-tank weapon as its basic equipment and destroying enemy tanks and armored vehicles as its basic task. Also called anti-tank sniper gun, anti-tank gun. Ground-to-ground campaign tactical missile force is a force that is equipped with ground-to-ground tactical missiles, anti-tank missiles and ground-to-air missiles, supports ground forces in combat, and covers the air safety of ground forces within the tactical scope.
Artillery has a long history in China. As far back as the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty (1403- 1424), there were a considerable number of artillery-based combat troops in the Beijing army, which was then called "Jishen Camp". China people's artillery and army were born at the same time. There was an artillery battalion in Nanchang Uprising on August 1st, and an artillery company was organized by Gongsi Army.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the proportion of artillery in the synthetic army was strengthened. Domestic self-propelled rockets, self-propelled howitzers and self-propelled cannons use their own power to greatly improve the maneuverability of artillery operations. Various antiaircraft guns and various types of antiaircraft missiles have formed an antiaircraft weapon system combining antiaircraft guns and missiles, and laid layers of fire nets from high altitude, hollow, low altitude to ultra-low altitude, greatly improving our army's air defense support capability.
Since 1950s, many countries have developed and equipped new artillery weapons, resulting in new artillery units with faster response, longer range, higher precision, greater power and higher automation. Artillery is the first long-range unit, which can shell a distance of 2 squares.
The artillery has no close attack or defense, so it must be guarded by troops. Artillery is a general term, covering several different large-caliber weapon units, including mortars and field guns.
Mortars fire explosive bombs at a high arc, which is especially effective for small hidden targets. Field guns are long-range weapons. The shells they fired were flat and curved, basically using their penetrating power to attack hard targets.
The artillery is powerful and can continuously attack the enemy behind the strongest fortifications. The artillery can quickly move from one launching position to another. This is an important performance when fighting in mobile warfare or avoiding enemy fire attacks.
Cannon is a transliteration of Latin Canna, which originally means pipe. Cannon is a field gun with long barrel and straight trajectory, which originated in14th century. By 16th century, Europeans began to call this kind of gun long barrel, and the barrel length was 16~22 times the caliber.
/kloc-in the 0/8th century, the barrel length was generally 22~26 times of the caliber. Before and after World War II, 105 ~ 108 mm caliber artillery developed rapidly. The length of the gun is generally 30-52 times the caliber, the initial velocity is 880 m/s, and the maximum range is 30 km.
In the 1960s, the gun was 40-70 times longer, with a muzzle velocity of 950m/s and a maximum range of 35km. After the 1960s, no new type of cannon was developed, and its performance remained at the level of the 1960s.
Cannon can be divided into: small caliber cannon, below 75 mm; Medium caliber cannon, 76 ~130mm; Large caliber cannon, 130mm or more. According to the movement mode, it can be divided into four types: traction, self-transportation, self-propulsion and loading on tanks, planes and ships.
Anti-tank guns, tank guns, anti-aircraft guns, aviation guns, naval guns and coastal guns all belong to cannons and the like. The barrel length of a gun is generally 40~70 times the caliber, so the range is longer than other types of guns. For example, the American 175 mm self-propelled gun has a maximum range of 32.7 kilometers; The 203mm howitzer with larger caliber has a maximum range of only 29 kilometers.
Therefore, the gun is especially suitable for attacking enemy deep targets from a long distance, and can also be used as shore shelling to attack sea targets. Cannon is a more advanced artillery unit, which can shell the enemy on adjacent squares and weaken their strength.
The cannon has no close attack or defense, so we must send troops to guard it. In addition, the wheels used by the cannon also prevent it from entering the mountains or jungles unless there are roads on these terrain.
In the strategic resource storage area of the city, iron and nitrate are needed to produce cannons. After the invention of gunpowder, the development of artillery caused great changes in siege warfare.
The cannon was invented by a German monk in the14th century. Early cannons used gunpowder to fire stones or iron balls. Artillery forced most fortifications to be redesigned, because the vertical high walls around most cities were easily destroyed by direct fire.
This is the fate of the walls of Constantinople. 1000 Over the years, these walls have fought numerous siege wars. Artillery soon played an important role in the battlefield.
Howitzer is a kind of field gun with short barrel and curved trajectory, which is suitable for attacking hidden targets and targets. Howitzers can be divided into towed howitzers and self-propelled howitzers according to their maneuvers. Among them, the self-propelled howitzer is mainly Type 74 122 of the former Soviet Union.
2. Artillery common sense distance measurement
Self-ranging is a method of visually measuring the longitudinal distance without any tools. I used to be an artillery (aiming gun), but I just learned that I dare not share it with you.
1. Draw two straight lines on the wall with a standard distance of one meter (the height of the lines is not limited).
2. Measure the precise distance of 10 meter on the ground with a ruler.
3. The front of the foot is against the line (can't cross)
4. Put your right hand flat, make a fist, and tilt your thumb up.
5. Close your left eye and use your right eye to look from the far left of the thumbs up. Adjust the arm so that the leftmost side of the rice noodle on the wall is flush with the leftmost side of the thumb.
6. Body posture is not moving. Close your right eye and open your left eye at the same time. At this point, due to different viewing angles, your thumb moves from the left side to the right side (note: I'm not asking you to move your arm).
7. The requirement of scanning is that the thumb movement distance of the left eye and the right eye is exactly the end of a rice noodle on the wall (that is, one meter). If it is greater than or less than one meter, please adjust your body posture or your arm posture (that is, adjust the distance between your thumb and eyes closer, but smaller) until it is exactly one meter.
Remember your posture. This is the standard posture for ranging in actual combat.
Finally, let me talk about how to use it. For example, if you want to measure the distance from the balcony where your prey is parked so that you can shoot accurately, you can aim your thumb at the long side of the balcony, measure the horizontal length of the left and right eye switching at the best mark, and then estimate the approximate length (I don't think it's that difficult to estimate the horizontal distance), and then multiply it by 10 times. The result is the distance between you and the balcony, for example, 3 meters, which means the distance between you and the balcony is 30 meters.