For this reason, the news that the new version of the central bank's personal credit report is likely to be officially launched in May has attracted the attention of all parties. Measures such as "robbing Peter to pay Paul", raising cards with cards, and "washing white" after serious breach of contract will all be included in the scope of dishonesty; "What are the new measures to restrict loans" and "Will the first home loan be more strictly reviewed" have also become the focus of people's greatest concern.
The reporter of "Legal Daily" learned that the new version of personal credit report can inquire about spouse information, and the repayment record will be extended to five years. It will also include information such as telecommunications business, payment of tap water business, tax arrears, civil judgment, execution, administrative punishment, subsistence allowances, professional qualifications, and administrative rewards, which will block the loopholes of opportunism in many ways.
According to Li Junhui, a special researcher at the Intellectual Property Research Center of China University of Political Science and Law, the fundamental purpose of establishing a credit information system is to guard against risks, establish a mechanism of "punishment for dishonesty and praise for trustworthiness", and promote the construction of an honest society. After the new version of the credit information system expands the sources of credit information, the evaluation of credit risks of specific subjects will be more reliable, which is conducive to preventing all kinds of transaction risks including financial risks.
The Leap-forward Development of Credit Information Industry
The legal system was gradually established.
The word "credit investigation" originated from "Eight Years of Zuo Gong". "A gentleman's words are trustworthy and have signs, so his resentment is far greater than his body". According to research, the development of China's credit information industry began with the birth of 1932, the first credit information agency-"China Credit Information Office".
The so-called credit business refers to the activities of collecting, sorting, saving and processing the credit information of enterprises, institutions and other organizations and individuals, and providing it to information users.
According to the person in charge of the People's Bank of China, the modern credit investigation industry in China started in the 1990s. 199 1, the People's Bank of China launched a pilot loan certificate system in Shenzhen. After several years of development, in 2002, the second national financial work conference emphasized that "the construction of social credit system must be strengthened vigorously", and the development of modern credit information industry began to get on the right track.
In 2004, the People's Bank of China established the Bank Credit Information Service Center. In 2005, 1 15 city commercial banks realized the nationwide networking with the basic database of personal credit information. In 2006, the basic database of personal credit information was officially put into operation, and the basic database of enterprise credit information realized nationwide online query. Since then, the credit information industry has ushered in a great development era.
By the end of August, 2065438+2008, the basic database of personal credit information had accumulated more than 3.3 billion pieces of credit information and 6.5 billion pieces of public information, and established a unified credit file for 25.42 million enterprises and other organizations and 970 million natural persons. Access to more than 3,900 corporate lending institutions, with an average daily inquiry of more than 290,000 corporate credit reports and 4.77 million personal credit reports.
At the same time, in the legal construction of the credit system, the legal construction of the credit reporting industry has also been gradually established.
20 13 "Regulations on the Administration of Credit Information Industry" was promulgated and implemented. The "Regulations" established the basic system of China's credit information work in the form of special national legislation. Wan Cunzhi, director of the Credit Bureau of the People's Bank of China, said that this marked a key step in the legalization of credit reporting in China.
It is reported that the regulations have established basic systems such as credit information market access management, credit information business rules, and protection of the rights and interests of information subjects, and clarified the supervision and management system of credit information industry, laying a legal foundation for the healthy development of China's credit information industry.
At the level of departmental regulations, the People's Bank of China issued the "Administrative Measures for Credit Information Agencies", which refined the relevant management regulations of the regulations; The People's Bank of China and the National Development and Reform Commission jointly drafted the Interim Measures for the Administration of Credit Rating Industry, aiming at establishing a unified cross-market supervision framework such as credit rating procedures, business rules, supervision and management.
On the normative document level, the People's Bank of China has successively issued the Notice on Further Strengthening the Security Management of Credit Information and other normative documents. At the same time, at the level of industry standards, a number of credit industry standards such as "Information Security Standards for Credit Information Agencies" have been issued.
The crowd coverage is not wide.
Personal credit reporting needs to be improved.
However, there are still many shortcomings in the development of personal credit information industry.
He, a special researcher at Suning Financial Research Institute, said that the personal credit information system of the central bank's credit information center is far from enough in coverage and coverage dimensions. The data shows that the central bank's personal credit record coverage rate is 35%, while the American personal credit record penetration rate is 92%. Judging from the per capita credit inquiry, the average number of inquiries in the United States is 5.79, while that in China is 0.35, and the inquiry volume is only117 in the United States. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to build a more perfect personal credit reporting industry.
In this regard, Yin Zhentao, deputy director of the Law and Finance Office of the Institute of Finance of China Academy of Social Sciences, also told reporters that compared with foreign countries, China's previous credit reporting and traditional personal credit reporting have some shortcomings.
First of all, the personnel involved in traditional credit investigation are not extensive enough. For example, effective credit reporting is not enough, that is, there are fewer people and information dimensions involved in previous credit reporting;
Secondly, the traditional credit investigation is mainly based on bank credit investigation. Residents and banks to carry out financial services, there is a relationship, may be included in the credit report. "The services of banks are generally account opening, loan borrowing, credit cards, consumer financial services, etc. In this case, the dimensions are relatively narrow, the sources of information are relatively narrow, and the coverage of the population is insufficient. "
According to Yin Zhentao, foreign credit information systems are also based on bank behavior, and then constantly improve. However, credit card is the key to the coverage of foreign credit information system. The penetration rate of foreign credit cards is relatively high, and there is still a certain gap compared with domestic credit cards. In this context, the regulatory authorities continue to improve and innovate. The new credit report to be released in May this year is more comprehensive for banks. For users, there is less and less information to hide, and personal financial information is more and more transparent and open.
Li Junhui believes that to improve the crowd coverage of the credit information system, we need to start from two aspects. On the one hand, we should consider whether to broaden the information sources of personal credit information system; On the other hand, we should consider whether to expand the scope of financial business, such as whether to include consumer behaviors such as Internet financial services.
The new version of credit information is accurate and comprehensive.
Personal information is opaque.
With the continuous development and improvement of the personal credit information market, the connotation of the central bank's credit information report will be more abundant.
According to Chen, deputy governor of the central bank, the credit information database established by the central bank has accessed the credit information data of more than 3,500 banks and other financial institutions, the credit information of 990 million natural persons and the credit information of more than 26 million enterprises and other legal person organizations. At present, 5.55 million personal credit reports and 300,000 corporate credit reports are queried through this system every day.
He said that the personal credit record of the central bank's credit information center has great credibility and image power, and more and more individuals are beginning to pay attention to personal credit.
In this context, the regulatory authorities are constantly improving and innovating. Beijing business today reporter learned today that the new version of the credit report will be officially released in May 20 19. Some analysts said that for banks, the information that the new credit information can find is more comprehensive; For users, there is less and less information to hide, and personal financial information is more and more transparent and open.
An industry expert told reporters that the Credit Information Center of the People's Bank of China decided to launch a new version of the credit information report after many considerations.
On the one hand, great progress has been made in the infrastructure construction of the national information system, which has achieved national networking and interconnection in many aspects, making it possible to collect important personal information;
On the other hand, the development of internet finance and financial technology has made personal information more perfect and the credit dimension has a diversified foundation.
Experts said that the economic development in the new era has put forward new requirements for personal credit reporting. How to quickly build a perfect and efficient credit society has become an important task for the credit information industry.
According to industry analysis, the new personal credit report is more detailed, comprehensive and accurate than the old one. At present, the trial operation of the new version of the credit report is ideal, and there are no major problems. The overall content and columns should not change much in the trial operation stage, and some minor problems should be revised at most according to the trial operation situation.
Yin Zhentao believes that the new version of the credit report has two characteristics: First, the dimensions are increasing. The result of increasing the dimensions not only enriches personal information, but also includes more groups, and everyone will have their own credit information. With the continuous popularization of big data and personal financial services, including inclusive finance, everyone's information has become their own assets, and everyone's information can also create value for themselves. With the increase of dimensions, expanding credit information to more groups is the most important message conveyed this time; Second, personal information is open and transparent, but it can't be said that users can hide less and less information, which doesn't exist, because the credit report still pays attention to the security of personal information, which doesn't mean that all personal information will be included in the credit report, and others can view it at will.
"For this, my understanding is personal financial information. In fact, it is not open and transparent. Only open and transparent to some institutions. This should be clearly distinguished. Contrary to the statement that some personal information is more open and transparent, personal information should become more hidden and privacy should be better protected, which is also a very important point in the next step. " Yin Zhentao said.
"The focus of future credit information work also includes what information needs to be included, which institutions are open to it, and the process and authorization of information collection. The new credit report released this time only appears in the form of a report, but around this report, the acquisition, release and enjoyment of information definitely need a supporting regulatory system and framework to support it. " Yin Zhentao said that at present, there are regulations on the management of personal credit reporting, and how to go further around the regulations on credit reporting is the biggest problem, that is, information security. In order to speed up the promulgation of the Personal Information Security Law, the state should further coordinate the credit supervision regulations with the national legal framework.
In terms of personal credit information protection, Dong Ximiao, vice president of Chongyang Financial Research Institute of China Renmin University, said that a good credit record can improve the possibility and convenience of individuals to obtain financial services, and the price can also be favorable. First, consumers should protect their personal identity documents and not lend them at will to prevent personal identity from being stolen; The second is to arrange financial consumption reasonably, overdraw consumption according to one's ability, not participate in illegal fund-raising, and borrow less from small loan companies and online lending platforms; Third, the correct use of credit cards, not malicious overdraft, not "raising cards with cards", not false transactions, illegal cash; Fourth, we should develop good credit habits, pay attention to details at ordinary times, and repay in full and on time to avoid negative records in credit reports.
Raising cards with cards will be curbed.
Borrowing money to buy a house is debt.
It is understood that the repayment information of the new version of the credit report is more comprehensive and the recording time span is longer. The previous repayment record was two years, and the overdue record was kept for five years. After the new version is switched, the repayment record and overdue record are unified as 1 to 5 years.
In the current personal credit report, the repayment record will not be displayed for those who have cancelled their accounts. In the new credit report, the cancellation card also has a repayment record. It is reported that in the past, after a serious breach of contract, some customers finally "washed white" their credit reports by canceling their accounts. In the future, the new version of the credit report will make these "black history" have nowhere to hide.
In addition, the new version of the credit report increases the "repayment amount" and shows the "repayment amount in the last six months", which means that the days of "robbing Peter to pay Paul" and "keeping cards with cards" are gone forever.
In this regard, He Ye Nan said that the information dimension and span reflected in the old personal credit report were short, which gave birth to many behaviors of exploiting the rules, such as the behavior of "keeping cards with cards", which will be suppressed in the future; At the same time, when buying a house, the old version of the credit report only reflects the liabilities of the main lender, while under the new version of the credit rules, if both husband and wife buy a house together, as the same borrower, both parties reflect the liabilities.
"Gone are the days of robbing Peter to pay Paul and keeping a card with a card. Some people talk about divorce and buying a house, which reflects the new content of the credit report and is a new supplement to adapt to the new business model and the new risks that exist now. This is a manifestation of adapting to the characteristics and characteristics of a richer financial system." Yin Zhentao said that the new version of the central bank's credit report can also improve the online lending platform, but the key lies in how to further promote the online lending platform into the credit reporting system.
Yin Zhentao believes that it can be solved in two ways: first, it can be directly included in the credit report; Second, through the "Xinlian", that is, the 100-line credit information of the Mutual Gold Association, it will be included in the central bank's credit information system.
"Now it seems that the country is likely to choose the latter to formulate a plan, which will certainly promote the healthy development of online lending and create a good development environment for online lending." Yin Zhentao said.
In the interview, the most frequently asked question by the public is: the new version of credit reporting is going online. What should the buyer do?
Lushan, who is engaged in real estate agency, told reporters that in the past operation, the public was more or less flawed in qualification. "Buyers will always try various methods to break through, at least to make themselves more like the first home loan. However, with the launch of the new version of the credit information system, the future credit review will become more and more detailed, and the hope of the first loan qualification will become more and more embarrassing. "
However, is this really the case?
"For couples who buy a new house after the new version of the credit information is launched, the borrower's mortgage record will be recorded at the meeting. Because the second generation of credit information is to include husband and wife debt information, there is no doubt about it. " An industry insider said that the new version of the central bank's credit information has the greatest impact on those young people who are qualified to take out the first home loan so far. These people can buy a house in the name of a single person before marriage to solve the credit problem for borrowers.
"For those couples who buy a house with a mortgage, there is no need to worry too much about the borrower's credit information in the last year or two. However, everyone must have a string in their hearts, and there is no guarantee that the new version of the credit will not be re-recorded. " Lushan said.