Stories and legends
Person/thing acting as a cover
Follwed staring at Liu Xiu, hot pursuit. Seeing that Liu Xiu was about to be caught up, Liu Xiu quickly climbed a big tree to escape. Because this old bark is thick and thin, it is difficult to be invisible. He sighed and said, "Big tree, big tree, how nice it is for you to send some invisible grass?" The words sound just fell and a pile of invisible grass as big as a bucket basket appeared on the big branch, covering Liu Xiu. Wang Mang chased Liu Xiu under the big tree, but he couldn't find Liu Xiu after several turns, so he had to walk away. Since then, invisible grass has grown on the big trees in this area every year.
Hanchengguan radish
What is canned radish in Hancheng? Because the radish in Dongguan Village of Hancheng is thin at both ends and big in the middle, it is named after a small pot. This kind of radish is sweet when eaten raw, delicious when cooked, fragrant and sticky, with great nutritional value and high planting yield. It's really a treasure in vegetables. There is another legend about this major. According to legend, Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was driven around by Wang Mang's army before he ascended the throne. One evening, Liu Xiu ran to the east gate of Hancheng, and it was already dark. Afraid to stay in the village, I suddenly saw a small grass temple in the vegetable field not far away. He hurried into buddhist nun to escape the cold. The owner of this vegetable garden, surnamed Chen, is from Yunyun, not a local. A few years ago, he fled here with his wife, and the trustee rented two acres of land for the Zhang family to make a living by selling vegetables. After dinner at home that day, I took my bedclothes and went to buddhist nun to see the dishes. I walked to the door of buddhist nun and threw the quilt into buddhist nun. I was shocked and shouted, "Who?" Liu Xiu felt something pressing on her in the dim light, and then she heard the old man's voice, which meant that the people who came to see the vegetable garden calmed down and said kindly, "Uncle, I am a passerby, so I will stay here for one night and leave tomorrow morning." Yunlai is a poor passerby. Connecting with his own life experience, he felt pity and said with concern, "What am I doing here in such a cold day?" I'd better go into the village and live in our house so as not to suffer here. " Liu Xiu refused, but seeing that the old man was an honest and reliable man, he told the old man his actual situation and asked him to keep a secret and save himself. He came to listen to the legend of Wang Mang's misconduct in North Korea, and he felt more sympathy for Liu Xiu. He said, "Don't worry, I will never do anything wrong to you. I'll see you off tomorrow morning. " Yunlai gave the quilt to Liu Xiu and went home. When I got home, I told my wife everything I saw in the field. My wife is also very happy, distressed and said: "Don't you ask others to eat?" The old man said regretfully, "Oh, I really forgot." . His wife asked him to send Liu Xiu steamed bread, but when he came to deliver steamed bread, he said, "Don't go there again. People will know about it and get into trouble. " An old couple fell asleep after their wife nagged. The next day, before dawn, my wife got up to bake oil cakes, cook millet soup and send it to the ground before dawn. Yunlai was afraid that delivering food before dawn would be suspected, so he came up with a good idea. He hollowed out the rice soup with the biggest radish, covered it with a cage cloth and held it in his arms. He put the oil cake in his pocket and hurried to the vegetable garden. When Liu Xiu woke up, she found that it was almost dawn. She quickly mended the quilt and was on her way. At this time, it's time to send rice. Hungry and thirsty, Liu Xiu grabbed it and ate it. After eating and drinking, he suddenly saw that the can of millet soup was a big radish. He couldn't help laughing and asked, "What are you laughing at?" Liu Xiu pointed to the big radish and said, "You really know how to be a doorman." . Yunlai had to be busy explaining, and Liu Xiu suddenly realized, "Good, good can of radish." After Liu Xiu left, the old man came to transport radishes, used them as rice jars and threw them in the ground. That winter, the northwest wind was very strong, and the blown dust buried the radish and rice together. The next spring, it was stormy, and the radish in the rice bowl buried in the soil germinated, grew, blossomed and seeded. The old man picked the seeds and sowed them. In the harvest season, he saw the radishes around buddhist nun, which all looked like small pots, and there was a thin Shui Xin in the middle, which was crisp and sweet when raw and delicious when cooked, but it was robbed and sold. The income of the elderly who come to transport has increased, their lives have improved year by year, and their days are getting better and better. Therefore, "canned radish in Hancheng was sealed by Guangwu Emperor Liu Xiu."
As an official, I am Wu and my wife is Yin Lihua.
Speaking of Liu Xiu and Yin Lihua, there is a famous saying that has been passed down through the ages, that is: "An official should be golden couple, and a wife should be Yin Lihua." But later generations often misread the meaning of this famous saying. The reason why it is easy to be misread is that it is easy for future generations to misread this sentence from the context of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, leaving the expression of the context and looking at it alone. From this point of view, this famous saying was misunderstood by Cao Cao's "Better die than die". Like Jiuqing, he was the supreme commander of the northern army guarding the capital, especially the imperial city. More generally speaking, it is basically similar to the modern central police commander. However, misreading often occurs here. Looking at this sentence alone, many people in later generations will think that Liu Xiu wants to be the commander of the central police and marry a beauty like Yin Lihua. If we put this famous saying back in the history books, we can understand its true meaning. Liu Xiu's emotion comes from "The History of the Later Han Dynasty, the History of the Later Han Dynasty, Guanglieyin": Guangwushi is a new field, and its sound is beautiful. Later, when I arrived in Chang 'an, I saw that I was riding a very busy car. I sighed and said, "My official should be someone who holds Jin Wu. If I marry, I should get Yin Lihua." . With the context, people can really understand why Liu Xiu made such a sigh! When Han Guangwu was a teenager, he lamented that "an official was regarded as a treasurer" because he saw the treasurer "riding a very prosperous car", not because of the size of his official position. Therefore, discussing the size of the official position of "praising Jin Wu" is not only meaningless to understand this sentence of Liu Xiu, but also completely deviates from the original intention recorded in historical books. Liu Xiu's exclamation became an eternal famous saying in the future, which triggered many * * * sounds of "struggling in troubled times". According to "Biography of Yuan Zhen in the History of the Old Five Dynasties", "I heard Zhang Meiyan, admired herself, and sighed Lihua". Wen was the first lean Zhu Wen in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and Zhang was Zhu Wen's beloved wife Zhang Hui. As the terminator of the Tang Dynasty, Zhu Wen, a fierce generation, once saw Zhang Hui, the daughter of the secretariat of the Song and Zhou Dynasties, as beautiful as a flower, and issued a "Lihua sigh". After they got married, Zhang's daughter helped Zhu Wen achieve great things and became a story of five dynasties and ten countries. According to the essay "Remnants" cited in the Examination of Wu Sangui in Qing Dynasty, General Yanling is handsome and good at riding and shooting ... and he likes himself very much; When I meet a beautiful woman, I need to stay for God, but no one is surprised. I often read "Han Ji" until "an official is a golden servant and his wife is a Yin Lihua". I sighed, "I wish so, too, that's enough!" . "General Yanling" refers to Wu Sangui, a great lean man in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Wu Sangui's family is a descendant of Wu in Yanling. At that time, people liked to call him "General in Yanling". When I was young, Wu Sangui was quite romantic and elegant, and paid attention to "beauty", but no one was satisfied. Reading history books, I can't help feeling when I see the sentence "An official should be the gold master and his wife should be Yin Lihua". "That's enough for me!" . Knowing the roots is not a servant.
The allusion of "knowing well is not a servant" comes from the East View of Han Ji. In other words, Liu Xiu once said, "How do you know it's not me?" Taiping Yulan (Volume 39/KLOC-0) quoted from History of the East View of Hanshu: Guangwu Wei's family and Chen Deng expected that Liu Xiu would be emperor. Or "Liu Xiu, a Buddhist, should accept it". Guangwu said, "Know how to be a servant"? Jianwu three years, called the old life Xinle. Dawn calmly said to the emperor, "Actually, I did it." The emperor laughed! Note: When Emperor Guangwu was young, he and his brother-in-law Chen Deng visited other people's homes. At that time, everyone saw in divination that "Liu Xiu should be the son of heaven". Someone nearby said: Liu Xiu mentioned in Oracle Bone Inscriptions must be a monk Liu Xiu (at that time, the monk Liu Xingang of the new dynasty was renamed Liu Xiu). But Liu Xiu (later Emperor Guangwu) who was present at the time said, "How do you know that Liu Xiu, who wants to be a son, doesn't mean me?" Everyone laughed as a result! In the third year after Liu Xiu ascended the throne, he talked with Chen Deng about the past. Chen Deng calmly said to Emperor Guangwu: "In fact, it was a servant." Guangwudi laughed after listening! At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, divination was very popular, and Wang Mang took the characters in divination as his theoretical basis. In fact, divination is only a tool used by the feudal ruling class to deceive people all over the world, which is absurd and groundless. At the end of the new dynasty, natural disasters continued and people were confused. Liu Xin, a master of Buddhism in the New Dynasty and a master of classical Chinese classics, was proficient in divination, but changed his name to Liu Xiu, so everyone guessed that the "Liu Xiu" mentioned in the divination book was Liu Xin, a master of Buddhism. Liu Xin was a great scholar at the end of the Western Han Dynasty. He was knowledgeable and respected, and made great contributions to Wang Mang's Han Dynasty. In Liu Xiu's laughter, there is no doubt that he is proud of the fact that "knowing the root is not a servant".
Historical achievements:
Yan Wu made great efforts to govern the country.
In the next 20 years, the people here suffered heavy casualties, died in the battlefield, were hungry and cold, and countless people died. After Liu Xiu reunified the world again, the world population was already "10% and 2%". In order to restore and develop the war-torn Central Plains as soon as possible, Liu Xiuze "knows that the world is tired, thinking about music and resting his shoulders." For a long time, I was flat, not anxious, and never said anything. " At the same time, Liu Xiu issued six consecutive orders to release handmaiden, which greatly improved the problem that a large number of landless peasants became handmaiden since the end of the Western Han Dynasty, and also solved the problem of a large number of barren land and insufficient population after the war. At the same time, Liu Xiu also vigorously abolished officials and merged the county. Emperor Guangwu issued a letter: "More than 400 counties will be saved, and the number of official posts will be reduced, so one of the ten will be set up", which greatly reduced the burden on the people. By the end of Liu Xiu's reign, the population had reached more than 20 million, more than doubled, and the economy had also developed greatly.
Concentrate on the bookstore
Guangwu, in the name of giving preferential treatment to heroic aristocrats, made him a big official of Tian Zhai and removed his military and political power. Guangwu, in view of the importance of "three publics" in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, its authority moved down. Although the positions of "three public offices" were set up, all the administrative power was placed in the Shangshutai, which was directly commanded by the emperor in China and North Korea. Shangshutai has a Shangshuling, ranking 1,000 stone, a Shangshu servant and a Liucao Shangshu, all of which are 600 stone, and are in charge of all kinds of government affairs. There are Cheng, Lang, and other officials below, and all government orders are directly submitted to Emperor Chen by Shangshutai, and the emperor will make a ruling. Since then, "everything in the world is in history, and it is the next three (public) houses that participate in the decision-making with the owner"; "Although there are three places, it belongs to Taige" and "the three places are for staff only". However, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the powerful ministers added the title of "Shangshushi", which made their power move down again, and Shangshutai became the tool of ministers' dictatorship.
Pay attention to people's livelihood and people's rest
First, release handmaiden and criminals. Since the late Western Han Dynasty, the number of peasants who became slaves and abusers has increased day by day, which has become an important issue in sharpening class contradictions in the late Western Han Dynasty. In the last years of Wang Mang, many handmaiden and criminals took part in the uprising. At the same time, there are also many handmaiden and torturers among some separatist forces. In the process of rebuilding Liu Han's feudal regime, Emperor Guangwu repeatedly issued imperial edicts to release handmaiden in order to disintegrate the enemy, strengthen his own strength, stabilize social order and ease class contradictions, and stipulated that anyone who abused or killed handmaiden was guilty. The imperial edict scope of exempting handmaiden Shu Ren mainly includes: when Wang Mang replaced the Han Dynasty, officials and people were illegally enslaved; Or get married because of poverty and sell it as a handmaiden; In the last years of Wang Mang, he was sold as a handmaiden because of famine or war. Was plundered as a wife in the war. In addition, it is also stipulated that handmaiden shall not be killed at will, and the law of "handmaiden shooting and wounding and abandoning the city" has been abolished, which shows that the status of handmaiden has improved compared with the past. At the same time, in the imperial edict of saving and reducing punishment, the prisoner was released many times, that is, "I am exempt from being Shu Ren." Second, rectify official management and advocate thrift. In view of the corruption of bureaucracy and extravagance of bureaucrats in the late Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Guangwu paid attention to rectifying bureaucracy, practicing thrift, rewarding incorruptibility and selecting talents as local officials after he ascended the throne. Moreover, it is strict with local officials and strict with rewards and punishments. Therefore, after the rectification, the official atmosphere has changed. Therefore, the biographies of officials in the later Han Dynasty have a good reputation of "internal and external bandits are slack and people are comfortable". Third, the thin tax, the criminal law, the suppression of martial arts, the neglect of marginal work, and the people share weal and woe. In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, in view of the post-war production depression and the sharp drop in population, Guangwu paid attention to the policy of recuperating with the people, and the first thing was to collect taxes. In the sixth year of Jianwu (AD 30), a letter was issued to restore the tax system of thirty taxes and one tax in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty. Followed by the provincial criminal law. Secondly, Yanwu's writing, which has not been marginalized. Guangwu "knows the exhaustion of the world, thinks about music and rests on his shoulders. Since Longshuping, he has never said anything about the army." In the 21st year of Jianwu (AD 45), sixteen countries, such as Shanshan and Dongshi in the Western Regions, "all sent their sons to serve, and they are willing to ask them to protect them. ..... The emperor decided from the beginning that China did not care about foreign affairs, but also rewarded his servant with a generous reward. " In the twenty-seventh year of Jianwu (AD 5 1 year), nirvana in fire hero Cang Gong and hero Ma Wu wrote: Please send troops to destroy the Xiongnu when the Xiongnu is divided and the northern Xiongnu is weak, so as to make "the power of carving stones immortal". Guangwu wrote: "Without good governance in this country, the disaster is endless. People don't protect themselves, and they are far from the point of desire! " ..... it is better to let the people rest. "Fourth, in order to contain powerful forces, we should implement cross-disciplinary policies. The Eastern Han regime was originally established with the support of powerful forces. However, the development of powerful forces and the gradual serious land annexation not only threatened the imperial power, but also affected people's lives. In order to strengthen the imperial court's control over the cultivated land and labor force in the whole country and average the burden of tax corvee, in the fifteenth year of Jianwu (AD 39), a decree was issued to "check the number of acres of cultivated land and the number of registered permanent residence, and check the unjust people for 2,000 stone officials. "It is to require counties to measure land and verify household registration as the basis for correcting land reclamation, population and taxation. After the imperial edict, I met with strong resistance. Guangwudi ordered the execution, Henan Yin, prefect of other counties in other places, etc. 10, and said that it would be strictly investigated. As a result, local strongmen rebelled, and armed rebellion even broke out in some areas, "especially in the four States of Qing, Xu, You and Ji". Guangwu had to drop it. Therefore, the land reclamation ended in failure because various policies and measures were implemented to varying degrees, which created favorable conditions for the recovery and development of social production and greatly increased the cultivated land and population, thus laying a material foundation for the country's prosperity in the early 80 years of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Simplify the organization and reduce redundant employees.
In the sixth year of Jianwu (A.D. 30), the imperial edict transferred all the ministries of state animal husbandry, with the number of provincial officials and county and state governors, to Dasitu and Dasikong. So "in more than 400 counties, the number of official positions has decreased, and one in ten has been released." At the same time, the local military system in the Western Han Dynasty was abolished, and the soldiers in the inland counties and counties were abolished, and the post of chief was abolished. The annual conscription training in the county was also cancelled, and the local defense was replaced by the recruited professional army. However, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the history of state animal husbandry gradually gained weight, with both military, political and financial power, and local forces gradually rose.
Advocate Confucianism and honesty.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, imperial academy was established in Luoyang, and doctors of the Five Classics were established, which restored the study of fourteen doctors in the Western Han Dynasty. I often go to Imperial College London to talk with students. Under his advocacy, many counties have set up schools, and many private schools have emerged among the people. Guangwudi inherited the tradition of exclusive respect for Confucianism in the Western Han Dynasty. After the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty, imperial academy and doctors were established, and all kinds of classics were taught in their own ways. When Emperor Guangwu visited Lu, he sent a general to offer sacrifices to Confucius. Later, he named Confucius' descendant, Kong Zhi, as a tribute to Confucius. In particular, it worships the divination superstition created by Confucianism in modern literature. At the same time, Guangwu praised the integrity of some bureaucratic celebrities who were greedy for money and attached to Wang Mang at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, praised and appointed those bureaucratic celebrities who lived in seclusion in the Han Dynasty, and praised them for being loyal to the Han Dynasty and not being an official.