Principality of Monaco.

Area 1.95 km2, of which about 0.4 km2 is reclaimed.

The total number of residents is 32,270 (in 2004), and the population density is16,549 /km2, of which Monaco nationality accounts for 16%, French nationality accounts for 47%, Italian nationality accounts for 16%, and British, Swiss, German and Belgian nationality accounts for 2/kloc-0. The official language is French, and Italian, English and Monegasque are widely used. More than 90% of the population believes in Roman Catholicism.

Monaco, the capital.

The head of state, Prince Albert II, ascended the throne on July 12, 2005.

National Day:165438+1October 19 (formerly Prince Rainier's Day).

Dianthus China

It is located in the southwest of Europe, surrounded by France on three sides and bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the south. The border line is 4.5 kilometers long and the coastline is 5. 16 kilometers long. The terrain is long and narrow, about 3 kilometers long from east to west, and the narrowest point from north to south is only 200 meters. The territory is hilly with an average elevation of less than 500 meters. It belongs to the subtropical Mediterranean climate, with dry and cool summer and humid and warm winter. The annual average temperature is 16℃, and the annual average precipitation is 500-600 mm.

Gurias, Phoenicia and Carthage lived here successively. 1297, the grimaldi family captured the castle of Monaco, and began the family's intermittent rule over Morocco for 700 years. Principality was formed in14th century, and became a protectorate of Spain and France successively. 186 1 signed an agreement with France to recognize Morocco's independence. At the same time, Morocco gave up its ownership of Dash in Menton and Rockbrun, and its territory was reduced from 20 square kilometers to the existing area. In the same year, France and Morocco established a customs union. 19 1 1 year, the constitution was promulgated for the first time and became a constitutional monarchy. 19 18 signed a treaty with France to determine the political relations between the two countries, and France was responsible for maintaining Mozambique's independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity; The prince of Morocco promised to exercise sovereignty with full respect for France's political, economic, maritime and military interests. 1954 signed an agreement on good-neighborliness and mutual administrative assistance with France.

National flag, red and white flag.

Masayoshi

The current Constitution was promulgated and came into effect on 1962 12 17. Modified on April 2, 2002. According to the constitution, Moldova is a constitutional monarchy country, the prince is the head of state, and the throne is inherited by the legitimate direct descendants of the prince. In order of age, men are preferred. In the absence of legitimate children, the prince's brothers and sisters and direct children can also inherit the throne. The legal age of inheritance is 18. The prince represents the country and has the right to sign and ratify treaties. The prince enjoys political and criminal inviolability and immunity, and has the power of final decision, Amnesty, Amnesty, naturalization approval and the power to award medals and honorary titles. The prince walks with the National Assembly and exercises constitutional amendment and legislative power. Every law is proposed by the prince, drafted by the government, submitted to the National Assembly for deliberation and voting, and then approved and promulgated by the prince. The prince has the right to sign decrees, approve cabinet decrees and appoint judges, diplomatic envoys, ministers of state and state councilors. The Prince signs and ratifies foreign treaties and informs the National Assembly.

The unicameral parliament is called the National Assembly. According to the constitutional amendment in 2002, the number of members will be increased from 18 to 24, and members will be elected by direct universal suffrage and list voting for a term of five years. /kloc-citizens aged 0/8 have the right to vote. The term of office of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker is one year, and they are elected by members of parliament. The National Assembly and the Prince exercise the constitutional amendment and legislative power, but the formulation and amendment of the Constitution must be approved by a two-thirds majority vote of the National Assembly. Every bill is proposed by the prince, discussed and voted by the parliament, and finally promulgated by the prince. When signing a contract with a foreign country, the state must notify the Congress. The National Assembly is also responsible for examining and approving taxes and the national budget. The current Parliament was established in February 2003, and its Speaker Stefan Valeri belongs to the Alliance for the Defence of Monaco.

The government is also called the government committee. Appointed by and responsible to the Prince, and exercising executive power under the leadership of the Prince. The minister of state (the head of government) can be in charge of all work, including foreign affairs, and sign government decrees on behalf of the prince. The current government has six cabinet members: Minister of State Jean-Paul Proust; Gilles TONELLI, Minister of Equipment, Environment and Urban Planning, and Dennis Lavila, Minister of Social and Health Affairs; And interior minister Philip Deslandes. Minister of Finance and Economy Franck BIANCHERI and Minister of Foreign Affairs Ranier IMPERTI.

The prince of justice has the highest judicial power, and the courts enforce the law in his name and hear cases independently. Judicial institutions include courts of first instance, courts of appeal, supreme courts and felony courts. In addition, there are specialized courts, such as labor courts, rent arbitration committees and high arbitration courts. The Supreme Court has five full-time judges and alternate judges, who are recommended by Parliament, the State Council, Privy Council and the court respectively, and are responsible for hearing administrative litigation and the appropriateness of the cited legal provisions. The President of the Supreme Court is appointed by the Prince. The current President of the Supreme Court is Roland Trego. Morocco abolished the death penalty in 1962.

There are 1 municipal units in China, and there are 4 districts (non-administrative units) under its jurisdiction: Monaco, Monegatti, Fengye and Monte Carlo. The town committee is composed of 15 members, elected by direct election and list voting, with a term of four years. The mayor, deputy mayors and city councillors are elected by the town committee from among its members. The current mayor is George? George Marcin took office on March 2, 2003.

The Privy Council is the prince's advisory body, consisting of seven Monegasque nationals. The prince appoints the chairman and three members, and the other members are nominated by the parliament and appointed by the prince. The Privy Council meets at least twice a year to advise on issues concerning the highest interests of the country. The prince must consult the Privy Council on issues such as signing important international treaties, dissolving parliament, hearing naturalization applications and amnesty. The current chairman, Charles Vallio.

The advisory body of the Council of State consists of 65,438+02 members, and is responsible for advising on the draft laws and decrees submitted by the Prince.

Political parties have no fixed political organizations and parties. During the parliamentary elections, some people with the same or similar political views temporarily formed political groups to participate in the elections.

Albert II:1958 was born in Monaco on March 4th. He graduated from amherst University in Massachusetts with a bachelor's degree in political science. Love sports. 1983 President of Monaco Swimming Federation. From 65438 to 0984, he served as chairman of the racing club and chairman of the racing Federation. 1988 served as the vice chairman of the track and field Committee of the International Olympic Committee. 1996 member of Atlanta Olympic Games Coordination Committee. In addition, he served as chairman of the Mozambique Red Cross and head of the Moroccan delegation to the United Nations General Assembly. June 1993 and June 1999 visited China as members of the International Olympic Committee and Crown Prince of Moldova respectively. In June 2002, he came to China to attend the opening ceremony of the honorary consulate of Mozambique. In June 2004, an economic and trade delegation paid an informal visit to China. On March 3rd, 2005, he became Regent, and he ascended the throne on July 2nd.

economy

Over the years, the government has adopted a diversified, high value-added and pollution-free economic development policy, actively promoted the all-round development of the tertiary industry, and achieved remarkable results: real estate, advertising, insurance and consulting have developed rapidly, especially tourism and finance, and casinos and stamps are world-famous. The turnover of the tertiary industry accounts for the vast majority of the total turnover of all industries in China. Industry is weak and there is no agriculture.

There is no internationally accepted GNP statistics, only "national economic turnover". In 2004, it was 98150,000 euros, up 6.75% year-on-year, of which the turnover of trade and retail was 3.835 billion euros, up1.05% year-on-year; The turnover of public projects and real estate was 866 million euros, a year-on-year increase of 65,438+05.26%; The turnover of the hotel industry was 326 million euros, a year-on-year increase of 3.65%; The transportation turnover was 299 million euros, up 39.89% year-on-year.

Moxx has 42,637 employees (in 2004), including 3,864 civil servants, accounting for 9.06% of the total employees; There are 38,773 employees in private enterprises, accounting for 90.94% of the total number of employees, of which 82.70% are employees in the tertiary industry.

Currency name: Euro

Exchange rate: 1 euro ≈ 1.28 USD (May 2006)

Unemployment rate: 0.8%(2004)

In order to support industrial development, the government actively gives financial support to enterprises, overcomes the difficulties of narrow geographical area and strives to provide land for industrial development. Encourage the establishment of export-oriented enterprises with high added value and no pollution, and actively develop high-tech industries. The main industrial sectors are chemical industry, medicine and cosmetics (in 2004, there were 20 enterprises in these three industries, employing 65,438+0,094 workers, accounting for 43.35% of industrial turnover), plastic processing (29. 1 1%), electrical appliances and electronic components (65,434) By 2004, * * there were 65,438+006 industrial enterprises, providing 3,792 employment opportunities. In 2004, the turnover of the industrial sector was 862 million euros, a year-on-year increase of 4.64%.

Banking is developed. In addition to 19 bank in China, some big banks in the world have branches in Moldova. In 2004, there were 45 banks and commercial institutions and 3 financial companies, providing 27,765,438+0 employment opportunities. As of February 3, 2004, the absorbed savings reached10.69 billion euros, and 4 billion euros were lent. In 2004, the turnover of banking and financial services was 65.438+42.7 million euros, up 65.438+0.265.438+0.9% year-on-year.

Tourism is one of the pillar industries. Moldova is a famous tourist destination in Europe, and many cultural and sports activities are held every year to attract tourists, among which the Monte Carlo International Acrobatic Festival, the International Fireworks Festival and the Formula One Grand Prix are world-famous. Entertainment and accommodation facilities are perfect. In 2004, there were 17 star hotels and 1 5 restaurants in China, with 2,249 rooms and 3,737 beds. In recent years, Moldova has attached great importance to the development of commercial tourism facilities and built a large conference center to attract some international conferences to be held in Moldova. In 2004, it received 250,200 tourists.

The national income of finance mainly comes from tourism, real estate, small and medium-sized enterprises, banks, insurance, stamps, gambling and so on. Tobacco, stamps, etc. Be monopolized by the state. The proportion of tax revenue in national income has gradually increased. The government does not levy personal income tax, but it levies 33.33% profit tax on enterprises. Moldova is not a member of the European Union, but according to relevant agreements, it is regarded as an entity within the customs territory of the European Union. The VAT system and tax rate are the same as those in France, with the general tax rate of 19.6% and the preferential tax rate of 5.5%. In addition, inheritance tax is levied.

In 2004, the fiscal revenue was 636 million euros, and the fiscal expenditure was 695 million euros. Fiscal revenue increased by 7.2% year on year.

In 2004, the total volume of import and export trade was 654.38+0.40 billion euros, of which 565.438+0.2 billion euros were imported (65% from Europe) and 528 million euros were exported (67% to Europe). In Moldova's foreign trade, trade with EU countries accounts for about 66%. The main imported commodities are: non-metallic semi-finished products, daily consumer goods, food, professional equipment, etc. The main export commodities are: non-metallic semi-finished products, daily consumer goods and so on.

The total length of the transportation highway is 50 kilometers, which is connected with the European highway network. Total length of railway 1.7 km, which is incorporated into the French railway network and managed by the French national railway company. There are two ports, which are mainly used to dock various yachts. Merchant ships can dock at the anchorage for a short time, and there are helicopter flights between Nice, France and Monaco.

cultural education

Children aged 6 ~ 12 receive compulsory education, and the education system is the same as that in France. Public schools include 7 kindergartens and primary schools, 1 junior high school and 2 senior high schools; Private schools include 1 primary schools and 1 mixed schools. Monaco International University offers bachelor's and master's courses in business administration. In terms of curriculum, Monaco history is a compulsory course, and Monaco language courses are offered in primary and junior high schools. In 2004, there were 5900 students of all kinds. In 2005, the enrollment rate and education popularization rate reached 99%.

The main news and published newspapers include Nice Morning Post Monaco Special Issue and Monaco Weekly. Radio and TV stations in Monte Carlo, with high ratings, are important radio and TV stations in Western Europe, broadcasting in 36 languages.

In addition, Mozambique holds a large number of cultural exchange activities every year. Monaco's maritime museum and Institute are world-famous, in addition to Napoleon Memorial Hall, National Museum, Caroline Library, Monte Carlo Opera House and other cultural facilities.

military affairs

According to the relevant bilateral treaties between France and Morocco, France promises to protect Morocco's independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity. There is no army, only 450 security police.

Diplomatic relations

Advocate universal disarmament, safeguard world stability, promote economic and social development, and oppose international terrorism. Attach great importance to world environmental protection, especially marine and ecological protection and research.

Strive to maintain and develop friendly relations with other countries. Attach importance to regional cooperation and form the same customs territory with France through the Franco-Moroccan customs union. Due to geographical and historical reasons, it has a special relationship with France and Italy. 19 18 the treaty on relations between France and Morocco stipulates that any action taken by Morocco in international relations must be approved by France in advance. 10 On June 24th, the two countries signed a new treaty on bilateral relations, replacing the 19 18 Treaty on Relations between Morocco and France. The treaty clearly distinguishes the territories of Morocco and France for the first time, further confirming Morocco's independent status; For the first time, Morocco won the right to establish formal diplomatic relations with foreign countries without the consent of France.

By the beginning of 2006, Mozambique had 65,438+00 ambassadorial diplomatic missions in France, Italy, Spain, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Vatican, Germany and Liechtenstein, 3 permanent diplomatic missions in the European Union and the United Nations, and 65,438+004 consular missions in 55 countries and regions around the world. * * * There are 7/kloc-0 countries that send diplomatic representatives to Mozambique, among which France and Italy are ambassadors, and other countries are honorary consuls or concurrently consuls.

1993 joined the United Nations on May 28th (MemberNo. 183) and is a member of nearly 70 international organizations such as UNESCO, International Telecommunication Union, World Health Organization and World Tourism Organization under the United Nations. More than 65,438+00 international organizations, such as the International Hydrographic Organization, the International Sports Federation and the International Amateur Athletic Federation, have their headquarters in Monaco. International conferences such as Montana Economic Forum and Energy Summit were held in Mozambique. You can go to Mozambique with a Schengen visa. Mozambique advocates strengthening relations with the EU while protecting its own economic interests. Joined Council of Europe in June 2004.

history

The early Phoenicians built castles here. In the Middle Ages, it became a town under the protection of Genoa. From 65438 to 0297, it was ruled by grimaldi family. 1338 became an independent principality. 1525, protected by Spain. 164 1 14 In September, Monaco signed a treaty with France to drive away the Spaniards. 1793, Morocco merged into France and formed an alliance with France. 1860 is once again protected by France. 186 1 year, the two major cities of Mantona and Rockbrun were separated from Monaco, reducing their territorial area from 20 square kilometers to the existing area. 19 1 1 promulgated the constitution and became a constitutional monarchy. 19/kloc-The treaty signed with France in 0/9 stipulated that once the head of state died and there were no male descendants, Monaco would be merged into France.