First, the original inhabitants of Hemudu and Banpo

-representatives of matriarchal clan communes during the prosperous period.

About 7000 to 5000 years ago.

Hemudu site is located in the Yangtze River valley.

Banpo site is located in the Yellow River Basin.

1, time and place

2. Stone grinding tools are widely used.

Representatives of matriarchal clans and clan communes in prosperous times.

The primitive inhabitants of Hemudu and Banpo have widely used ground stone tools.

The era when grinded stone tools were used was called Neolithic Age.

3. Farming, animal husbandry and fishing and hunting go hand in hand.

Primitive agriculture and primitive animal husbandry began to appear.

Primitive agriculture developed from gathering. In the process of collecting fruits year after year, primitive residents gradually mastered the growth laws of some plants, cultivated these plants and "slash and burn", thus producing primitive agriculture.

What is the difference between Hemudu and Banpo's indigenous agriculture?

The original inhabitants of Hemudu planted rice.

The earliest country to grow rice and millet.

How did primitive animal husbandry come into being?

Livestock are mainly pigs, cows, sheep and chickens. (Six animals are flourishing)

According to the data, Hemudu people raised buffaloes.

The original inhabitants of Banpo mainly planted millet.

4. Settlement of pottery, textiles and houses.

Banpo painted pottery is a masterpiece of primitive art with various varieties and styles, and it is painted with ingenious patterns.

Can burn pottery

Hemudu's black pottery is made of rice husk and clay, which is very promising.

The emergence of textile industry

Archaeologists found pottery spinning wheels in the primitive residential site of Banpo, indicating that primitive textile industry has appeared, and people wore animal skins and rough linen clothes.

Build a house and settle down

In Hemudu, the original residents lived in wells and huts, and they also piled piles on the ground, paved forest boards and built two-story houses.

Banpo residents' houses are semi-basement-shaped, designed to keep warm.

5. Women organize production and life.

The original inhabitants of Hemudu and Banpo were in the period of matriarchal clan commune. At that time, women occupied an important position in social life and were the organizers of production and life, and were respected. During this period, people lived an equal life, without distinction between rich and poor and class.

Second, the middle and late Dawenkou culture

-the patriarchal clan system expanded and the clan commune collapsed.

1, about four or five thousand years ago.

2. Farming is the mainstay, and the handicraft industry has made remarkable progress.

The emergence of two new varieties, black pottery and white pottery, is a prominent manifestation of the progress of pottery-making technology. Black pottery adopts high temperature and strict kiln sealing technology, and its surface is black and shiny, with the same luster as metal objects. White pottery is fired with white kaolin, with thin and hard tires and bright colors, which laid a technical foundation for the invention of porcelain technology in the future.

3. Men are dominant.

With the development of agricultural production, it is difficult for women to undertake more and more heavy agricultural labor, and men have become the main labor force in agriculture. Men occupy the productive labor that women used to engage in, while women's labor is more confined to the scope of raising children, managing housework and dealing with trivial matters of life, and their status is gradually humble. It has become a social phenomenon that men are superior to women.

4. Private property and polarization between the rich and the poor appear.

Due to the development of production, private property and polarization between rich and poor appeared in the later period of patriarchal commune. The polarization between the rich and the poor, the emergence of private ownership and the gradual class oppression.

How did class come into being? Is the emergence of class social progress or retrogression?

Productivity development

surplus products

high-ranking

Intermediate (horizontal)

Lower level

gentile aristocracy

civilian

debtor

Slave owner

slave

poverty gap