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Ancient ballads
First, preserve ancient songs.
Ancient ballads are scattered in ancient books of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, and later generations have concentrated versions: the source of ancient poems in the Qing Dynasty, and the poems of the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties written by Kai today are the most detailed. However, this is not entirely credible. Among them, Song of Breaking the Earth, Song of Qingyun and Song of Nanfeng are all under the disguise of later generations.
Second, the content of ancient songs.
1, reproduction labor process:
"Dage" in Wu Yue Chun Qiu: Breaking bamboo, continuing bamboo, flying soil and killing people? .
According to legend, it is a work in the era of the Yellow Emperor, reflecting the labor process in the fishing and hunting era. The invention of bow and arrow is an important symbol for human beings to get rid of ignorance. Engels said: "Bows and arrows are decisive weapons in the age of ignorance, just as iron swords are weapons in the age of barbarism and firearms are weapons in the age of civilization". China invented the bow and arrow very early. There is a saying: "Shao Hao was born as a bow" (Shan Hai Jing Hai Nei Jing); Take a bow. (Mozi Feiru) In fact, the invention of bows and arrows is not a personal creation, but the accumulation of wisdom and experience by primitive people over a long period of time. This short song reveals the pride and joy of primitive people in making clever tools, and also shows their desire to get more prey.
2, the desire to conquer nature:
"Book of Rites Wax Ci": "The land is against its house, the water belongs to its valley, the insects don't do it, and the vegetation belongs to its ze!"
According to legend, it is a work of the Yi era. Yi, or Shennong, refers to Emperor Yao. Wax is the name of an ancient ceremony. The Zhou Dynasty held a ritual of offering sacrifices to the gods in 65438+February, which was called wax ceremony. Prayer used in wax rituals is called wax speech. Judging from the condescending tone of this short song, it is actually a "spell" on nature.
Flooding, land inundation, insect infestation, barren vegetation and hopeless harvest. Under the control of primitive religious consciousness, primitive people tried to use this rhythmic language to command nature, change nature and make nature obey their own wishes.
3, reflect the ancient marriage system:
"Zhouyi" Tunliu II: Tunru, Kuairu; Riding a horse, such as in class; Bandits, marriage.
This is a poem about robbing a marriage. A group of people rode around on horses. They thought it was the enemy. They didn't know it was to get married until they broke in and took the girl away. It reflects the system of robbing marriage that really existed in ancient times. This poem is very short, but it is written in a tortuous image and rhymes harmoniously.
4. War-related:
"Zhongfu 63" in Zhouyi: Defeat the enemy, drum, stop, cry or sing.
This is a poem about war, describing the scene of returning from the war. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, some people are still beating gongs and drums to show their courage, some are sitting and resting, some are crying, and some are singing loudly. A few crosses wrote a touching scene.
5. Happy working life:
"Guimei is still in the stream" in Zhouyi: women carrying baskets are untrue; When the sheep was cut, there was no blood.
Men and women in the pasture are shearing and picking wool, while men are shearing wool, but there is no blood; The woman's basket is filled with wool, so it doesn't feel heavy. Lively, lively and affectionate.
6, the song of love
The Song of Waiting for People in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals: Waiting for People.
Legend has it that Dayu managed water and married the daughter of Tu Shanshi. He traveled in the south of the province for a long time and never came back. My daughter sang this song, longing for Dayu's return. From the historical development, the relatively stable relationship between husband and wife and their feelings are only possible after monogamy, which is the late clan society after the germination of private ownership. "Er Zi" is a sentence with a long ending of modal particles, which achieves a unique lyrical effect. This is the oldest love poem in China, and it is the first poem of its kind.
Third, the main features of ancient ballads:
Primitive ballads are mostly in the form of two words. This is because in ancient times, labor movements were simple and the labor rhythm was short and distinct, so the rhythm of poetry accompanied by labor movements was naturally not complicated. In addition, ancient Chinese are all monosyllabic words, and the combination of two monosyllabic words is the opening sentence, which is directly related to the thinking mode and language ability of ancient Chinese.