(1) Liucheng Great Ape Cave
Year: Paleolithic Age
Type: Ancient Sites
Location: Liucheng County, Liuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
Jane:
Liucheng Giant Ape Cave is located on Lengzhai Mountain in the southwest of Xinshechong Village, Shechong Township, Liucheng County.
The Great Ape Cave was found on a cliff at the foot of Shanxi, with an entrance about 90 meters from the ground.
Great Ape Cave includes Great Ape Cave I and Great Ape Cave II, with a length of 28 meters and an area of 180 square meters.
The site of the Great Ape Cave in Liucheng was found in 1956.
From 1956 to 1963, vertebrate paleontology Institute of Paleoanthropology, China Academy of Sciences conducted six archaeological excavations on the Great Ape Cave. The deposits in the cave are 2 to 4 meters thick and can be divided into 6 layers from top to bottom.
Three mandible fossils and more than 1 100 anthropoid tooth fossils were unearthed.
Associated animal fossils include thousands of fossils from higher primates to lower vertebrates, which belong to six categories of mammals: primates, rodents, carnivores, proboscis, ungulates and artiodactyls.
There are mainly orangutans, golden monkeys, macaques, South China porcupines, porcupines, jackals, badgers, otters, China-like black bears, giant pandas, mulberry hyenas, the last hyenas, leopards, Teutons, civets, civets, Oriental saber-toothed elephants, sawtooth-like triangular tooth elephants and tooth elephants.
The geological age of Liucheng Great Ape Cave is Early Pleistocene, about 6,543.8+0,000 years ago.
Liucheng Great Ape Cave is the cave with the largest number of great ape fossils found so far in the world. The unearthed great ape fossils represent 77 great ape individuals, and its discovery is of great value for studying the morphology of great apes and the human evolution system.
Other animal fossils unearthed as typical representatives of Pleistocene fauna in South China not only provide conclusive evidence for solving the geological age of Liucheng Great Ape Cave, but also have important value for studying the classification of early Pleistocene fauna in South China.
(2) Cave sites in Bubing Basin
Year: Paleolithic Age
Type: Ancient Sites
Venue: Tiandong County, Baise City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
Jane:
Bubing Basin is located in Xiangzhou Town, Tiandong County, and Bubing Basin is located in the southeast of Baise Basin in Tiandong County. It is a small faulted basin in the south of China, with developed karst landforms and extremely rich caves. At present, more than a dozen caves have found ancient relics.
Cave sites were discovered in 1999.
Since 2002, Cao Mao Cave, Blowing Cave, Mohui Cave, Ganxian Cave, Wuyunshang Cave, Baolai Cave, Wuyun Cave, luna Cave, Small Cave, Middle Cave, Carp Cave (formerly named Ding Yudong) and village caves in Bubing Basin have been investigated, excavated and comprehensively studied.
Within the range of 5.5 square meters excavated by the blowhole, a total of 1007 mammalian fossils were unearthed, including 9 15 mammalian fossils and 92 anthropoid tooth fossils.
There are 24 species of mammals, which are typical representative species in the early Pleistocene. The age of stomatal fauna was in the early early Pleistocene, about 2 million years ago.
In 2004, Mohui Cave was excavated twice, covering an area of 30 square meters, and 625 mammalian fossils and 8 stone products were found, including 22 species of mammals.
Other caves have unearthed animal fossils or stone products.
Abundant animal fossils, human fossils and stone products have been found in the cave remains in Bubing Basin, which is of great significance to the study of the origin of early human beings in East Asia, the origin of modern human beings and the Quaternary environmental changes in southern China.
(3) Nalai Site
Year: Paleolithic Age
Type: Ancient Sites
Venue: Tianyang County, Baise City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
Jane:
Nalai Site is located about 3 kilometers west of Tianyang County, on the mountain at the junction of Xingcheng Village of Tianzhou Town and Liuhe Village of Napo Town, covering an area of about 5 square kilometers.
The site was discovered in 2003 and belongs to the fourth terrace on the south bank of Youjiang River, which is about 70 meters higher than the foot of the mountain. The reticular red soil layer is1-4m thick, and the gravel layer is10-25m away from the surface.
There are abundant stone tools and processing fragments scattered in the site, including hand axes, hand picks, kitchen knives and scrapers.
At the highest point of the site, there is a core area of about 50 square meters, where stone products are densely distributed.
In 2005, Guangxi Cultural Relics Team and others carried out a local rescue excavation of Nalai site, and unearthed a large number of stone products and glass meteorites such as chisels, hand axes, hand picks and scrapers.
By dating the glass meteorite unearthed in the same stratum as the hand axe, the age of the site is 803 thousand years ago.
Nalai site is a large paleolithic site, and the stone processing factory with a certain scale found in the site is the first discovery in the paleolithic site of Baise Basin, which may be the earliest paleolithic stone processing factory found in China so far.
Nalai site is rich in stone products, complete in variety and well preserved. It is an important member of the Paleolithic Age in Baise, which is of great value to the study of prehistoric culture in southern China.
(4) Xiaojin site
Year: Neolithic Age
Type: Ancient Sites
Location: Ziyuan County, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
Jane:
Xiaojin Site is located in Houlongshan, Xiajin Natural Village, Xiaojin Village, Ziyuan Town, Ziyuan County, with an area of 13 km northeast of the county, 3 km west of Zijiang and 30 km southwest of Jiang Xun.
The site was discovered at the end of 1997, and Guangxi Institute of Archaeology subsequently conducted a four-year archaeological excavation of the site, covering an area of 740 square meters.
A large number of pillar caves, ash pits, ditches and 10 houses, as well as pottery kilns and tombs have been found in this site, and a number of important cultural relics such as pottery pieces, stone tools, partial holograms and tens of thousands of carbonized rice have been unearthed.
Xiaojin site has distinct regional characteristics, which can be confirmed as a new cultural type in the Neolithic age in northern Guangxi. A large number of pillar holes, ash pits, tombs, etc. It was first discovered in Neolithic cultural sites in Guangxi. The discovery of carbonized rice is also the first time, and it is the earliest batch of specimens found in Guangdong and Guangxi, which is of great significance to the study of the origin of rice cultivation and the spread of rice culture.
(5) Dalang Ancient City Site
Year: Korea
Type: Ancient Sites
Location: Hepu County, Beihai City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
Jane:
Dalang Ancient City Site is located in Guchengtou Village, Dalang Village Committee, Shiwan Town, Hepu County, Beihai City.
The city site is surrounded by moats in the east, south and north, and faces the ancient river channel of Zhoujiang in the west.
The ancient city of Dalang was discovered by the county cultural relics department in the 1960s.
In 2002, Guangxi Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology began archaeological investigation, exploration and excavation of the ancient city.
The city site is square, with a side length of 220 meters and an area of 48,400 square meters.
There are moats in the east, south and north of the city site, and the river faces west.
The remaining width of the city wall is 5 ~ 20m, and the remaining height is 1 ~ 5m.
There are gaps in the middle of the four walls, which may be the city gate. Except for the southwest corner, which has been destroyed, the other three corners are wider and higher than the surrounding city walls, which may be the turret.
Now the moat has been silted up, but the outline is clear.
A large number of carved and geometrically imprinted pottery pieces, building stone components and other relics have been unearthed at the city site, and architectural relics have also been found in the city center. The remains of the wharf connected with the city gate were also found beside the ancient river outside the west gate, including arc rammed earth platforms, steps and ship ports.
It is preliminarily judged that the site of Dalang ancient city may be one of Hepu ports on the Maritime Silk Road recorded in Hanshu.
The discovery of Dalang Ancient City is of great help to the search for the county governance of Hepu County in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty, and also provides very valuable information for the study of the maritime Silk Road culture in the Han Dynasty, a major topic with worldwide influence.
(VI) Caoxie Village Site
Year: Korea
Type: Ancient Sites
Location: Hepu County, Beihai City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
Jane:
Hepu Caoxie Village Site is located in the southwest of Caoxie Village, Lianzhou Town, Hepu County, Beihai City, and the site is adjacent to Ximen River, a tributary of Nanliu River in the west.
This site was discovered in the 1980s.
From 2007 to 2008, Guangxi Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology conducted an archaeological excavation of the site.
The site covers an area of13,310 m2.
It is found that there are 22 pottery kilns and brick kilns, 5 architectural sites and 5 water wells, and a number of workshops remain, which are distributed around Xiaoling hillside in a ring shape.
Unearthed cloud wood grain, animal face pattern pottery, geometric printed pottery, pottery and a large number of pipe tiles and board tiles, as well as rice grain, grid, pattern printed pottery pots, corrugated pottery bowls, tiles, pottery mats, Tao Pai, net pendants, etc.
Originally identified as an important official handicraft workshop in Lingnan area of Han Dynasty, it is a Han Dynasty site integrating pottery workshops and kilns.
An important achievement of Caoxie Village archaeological site is the discovery of a large-scale and well-preserved pottery workshop in Han Dynasty. Its large scale, systematic function and complete preservation are rare in the archaeology of Han Dynasty in southern China.
It is of great historical value to study the spread of brick-making technology in the Central Plains to the south and the official handicraft system in the Han Dynasty, and to discover Hepu Port and Hepu County in the Han Dynasty.
(7) Yuezhou Ancient Town
Year: Southern Dynasties
Type: Ancient Sites
Location: Pubei County, Qinzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
Jane:
The ancient city of Yuezhou is located in Poziping Village, Shiyong Town, Pubei County, Qinzhou City, 60 kilometers away from the county seat. The city site is located on the south bank of Nanliu River, and it is built on the mountain.
1963, Guangdong Archaeological Team conducted a trial excavation of Zicheng (Guanting Land) located at the city site.
The old city of Yuezhou is square, north to south, high in the north and low in the south.
The east, west, north and south gates are symmetrical, the residual height of the city wall is 3-8m, and the widest part of the city foundation is about 16m. The city walls are all rammed with red and yellow mud and coarse sand, and a "horse face" protrudes outside the city walls every hundred steps. The city is 2080 meters in circumference and covers an area of 370 mu.
There is an inner city pier in the southeast, which is connected with Nanliu River by protecting the city. Cross Street in the city is symmetrical with the east, west, south and north gate, and is square. The northeast city wall is built on the mountain and passes through the mountain as the city gate.
The inner city is built on a hill in the west, with a length of 130m from north to south and a width of 160m from east to west, which is also square.
The inner city is130m wide from north to south,160m wide from east to west, 3-6m wide at the root of the city wall and1-2m high at the stump. There are protective cities around the city.
Unearthed in the city are pipe tiles, slab tiles, animal face tiles, water ripples, fragments of plain pottery pots, fragments of blue-yellow glazed pottery bowls, etc.
According to Nanqi records, Yuezhou was the military and political center at that time, and Yuezhou was abandoned. The Southern Dynasty experienced four dynasties: Song, Qi, Liang and Chen, and was abandoned in the middle of Sui Dynasty.
The ancient city of Yuezhou is one of the well-preserved cities in the Southern Dynasties in Guangxi at present, which is of great significance to the study of the history and culture of the Southern Dynasties.
(8) Zhongheyao Site
Year: Song Dynasty
Type: Ancient Sites
Venue: tengxian, Wuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
Jane:
Zhonghe Kiln is located in Zhonghe Village, Tengzhou Town, tengxian, Wuzhou City, on the east bank of Beiliu River, about 10 km away from the county seat.
The site was discovered in 1963.
1964 and 1973 were excavated and cleaned by the autonomous region museum, the autonomous region cultural relics team, Sun Yat-sen University and other units. 198 1 September and1June, 1986, Li Huibing, then director of the exhibition department of the Palace Museum, led a team to inspect and collect specimens at the site of Zhongheyao twice.
Through excavation and cleaning, more than 20 porcelain kilns were found, mainly distributed on hills about 2 kilometers long and 0.5 kilometers wide along the Beiliu River.
Two trial excavations unearthed a large number of cultural relics.
The structure of Zhonghe kiln is an inclined dragon kiln, which is built according to the mountain situation and is rectangular.
It is divided into four parts: kiln door, fire room, kiln bed and chimney.
Kilns are generally 10 ~ 60m long and 1.5 ~ 3m wide.
In the early stage, one pot and one device were used as the firing method, and in the later stage, the stacking firing method was used.
There are many kinds of porcelain, including bowls, lamps, plates, dishes, cups, washing, boxes, bowls, pots, jars, bottles, lamps, stoves, pots, fuming stoves, soul bottles, pillows, waist drums, impressions and so on. Bowls, lamps, plates and saucers are the main daily utensils.
Decorative patterns are rich and colorful, with branches wrapped in flowers, such as broken branches, fish swimming in the sea, babies playing in the sea, etc. Impression porcelain has the styles of pointed mushroom, hemispherical mushroom and flat top.
The patterns engraved on the printing surface are divided into yin and yang, which are quite distinctive.
On the back of one of the flying bird flower printing dies, the year of "the first year of the Reform Movement of 1898 in the second year of Jiaxi" is engraved.
The site of Zhongheyao should be dated from the Northern Song Dynasty to the late Southern Song Dynasty. It is a local folk kiln that mainly produces porcelain for export.
The discovery of Zhonghe kiln site in tengxian expanded the distribution range of China celadon kiln sites, filled the blank of Guangxi celadon research, provided new data for studying the development history of China ceramics and the export ceramics in ancient China, and was of great significance for studying the handicraft industry, social economy, culture and friendly exchanges with foreign countries, especially ASEAN countries in Song Dynasty.