Thank you for inviting me. There have always been bloody killings in changing dynasties, and the legendary three generations are no exception. A "benevolence" based on at least halving the population and completely destroying the original ruling group, I think only the winner deserves cheering.

Mencius said that "even benevolence is cut to the point of heartlessness", but what he wanted to express was another meaning.

Meng Ziyuan said: "It is better to believe in books than to have no books. In Wucheng, I only adopted two or three strategies. Benevolent people are invincible in the world, so that benevolent people hit the point. How can there be blood? " -This sentence "Mencius Dedicated Sentence" also contributed another classic: "It is better to believe in books than to have no books." This is the original intention. It is better to believe in books completely than to have no books.

Later, it said: I (Monk) only believe in two or three pages of the book Wu Cheng. Benevolent people are invincible in the world. Zhou Wuwang, a very kind person, how can he fight Shang Zhou, a very inhuman person, so that the blood is enough to float a stick? "

What he means is, don't pull your calf.

Generally speaking, the explanations in history books are not credible, but they are involved in official history, literature and even novels in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Let's take this opportunity to discuss them.

From the beginning to the end of King Wu's attack on Zhou Dynasty, Xibo died, Zhou Wuwang's eastward expedition arrived in Jin Meng, and 800 princes rebelled against Yin Huizhou. The governors all said, "You can cut it." King Wu said, "I don't know my fate." Is to return. -History. Yin Benji

This seemingly lively uprising eventually turned into a military parade, which was rooted in Zhou Wuwang's lack of self-confidence. The ability of Yin merchants to fight by force is obvious to all. How dare Xiqi, who is still in the semi-nomadic stage, teach someone an axe? Since the Wuding era, challengers such as, Ghost Fang, and now Dongyi have all become sacrificial ceremonies. Who knew that Siqi wasn't next?

▲ Jin Meng Guan Bing

What people didn't see later was that Jin Meng's observation of soldiers didn't fall by the wayside, but was an alliance between Comrade Ji Fa and the vassals. As a result, Xiqi distinguished the enemy and made final preparations. The real opportunity came soon.

Two years later, in Shang Dynasty, Bigan was killed, Weizi became a slave, and Ji Zi was imprisoned, which showed the division within the aristocratic class in Chao Ge. The musician ran to Xiqiao with a ritual vessel, revealing the details of the Shang Dynasty. The harassment of Dongyi once again took away the main force of the Shang army, and the conditions for crusade were finally ripe.

Next is the battle of Makino.

▲ Battle of Makino

In view of the space, I won't repeat this paragraph, but I need to clarify two points:

First of all, there was no defection.

▲ This is a sneak attack.

The fierce battle of Konoha lasted for a whole day, and the act of defecting to the door was at most an individual act, which could not be done as a whole. As for 700,000 armed slaves or prisoners of war, it is even more nonsense. The war in the pre-Qin period was the privilege of nobles and citizens. It can even be concluded that if we release the shackles of slaves and give them weapons and equipment, I am afraid that the commercial army will be finished at that time, but the temporary recruitment of untrained civilians into the battlefield leads to the lack of practical facts.

So the king of Wu recruited four directions, 90 countries and 9 countries, 107.9 million, 177.7 billion, 300 million prisoners and 230. There are two people who serve the country. -"Yi Zhou Shu". Prisoners of the world "

Zhou Wang's self-immolation does not mean the end of the war. The subsequent resistance lasted for several months and extended to the East China Sea coast. The number of annihilations and prisoners can fully show the intensity of resistance.

Even in the previous article, Mencius, who advocated "benevolent politics" all his life, questioned the description in Shangshu: Everyone said that benevolent people are invincible, so why bother?

Second, Di Xin's noble curtain call.

Jiazi day, the defeat. Zhou walked into the deer platform, put on Baoyu's clothes, caught fire and died. -History. Yin Benji

▲ Di Xin set himself on fire.

We can't understand the behavior of "Pei Yu" as being attached to wealth or unwilling to take advantage of opponents. If he wants to break through and continue to organize resistance, he will have plenty of opportunities. This is a noble way to die.

In short, it lasted for 600 years and created a splendid bronze civilization. The Shang Dynasty died at the hands of a semi-nomadic and semi-agricultural Xiqi tribe.

Zhou Wuwang's behavior is extremely abnormal. First of all, it is endless insomnia and nightmares.

Oh! Respect! There is no competition, only people, people are loyal, but things are respectful, and villains are hard to protect. Later, they benefited the people, and the people were not qualified, but they would be popular. Bribery will accomplish nothing and will continue. If you don't stop, you will become an axe. -"Yi Zhou Shu". He Yi Jie "

There are several chapters in Yi Zhou Shu, such as Grandma, Grandma, Grandma, etc., which all record Ji Fa's nightmare and the process of calling his younger brother Zhou Gongdan to tell and seek comfort the next morning.

In Ji Fa's dream, there were villains, bad things, people's dissatisfaction and businessmen's failure. Perhaps his brother Boyi took bloody meat pies, so he couldn't sleep all night. This dream continued until the successful destruction of this enterprise, which was also an important reason for the early death of King Wu. All this can be attributed to the heavy pressure of destroying Yin merchants and stabilizing the world. After all, how powerful the opponent is.

▲ Like Zhouyi, there are many people who eat by this.

Fortunately, with Duke Zhou around, he can always find a reasonable explanation to ease his brother's worries. From the perspective of later generations, Duke Zhou was originally a specialty of Zhou Wuwang.

Second, the battlefield mobilization order has a mystery.

"Today, Yin Wang Zhouwei's woman keeps her word. They abandoned the worship of their ancestors and their motherland, leaving behind their parents and brothers. It is precisely because of Wei Sifang's many sins that fleeing is a matter of loyalty, which allows them to oppress the people and be treacherous in the business country. " -"Shangshu". Pastoral vows "▲ Zhou Wang and da ji.

This is Zhou Wuwang's exhortation after the Prince 800 meeting in Jin Meng. Let's simply translate: Shang Zhouwang only listens to his wife, does not sacrifice his ancestors seriously, and does not need his brother to be an official. It is to respect and trust those who have fled from all directions and treat them as doctors and celebrities. These people violate the law and discipline and harm the people.

Different from the additional arrangements of later generations, it is difficult to determine the crime. There is nothing wrong with the description of Shang Zhouwang in the Oath of the Pastoral, and even explaining it from a modern point of view is of great progressive significance. For example, respect for women, Wu Ding's wife is also an excellent female general, who is not superstitious about the same clan and does not stick to one pattern in employing people.

In any case, it seems hypocritical to use each other's family affairs as the basis for crusade, and these immortal acts are far from enough to support the justice of regime change.

Third, the deep-seated reasons for blasphemy.

The prince of Wu answered his prayer, advanced to Yijun's mansion, then shot, then got off the bus, tapped with Lu and chopped with it. Fold, the county is too white. -"Yi Zhou Shu Yin Ke"

Guanglu is a sword and a big axe, and "folding" means beheading. Ji Fa used bows and arrows, swords and axes to serve Di Xin's charred body in turn, and hung the local head on the city head.

Does this scene feel familiar? Yes, the famous Wu Zixu did the same to the former king, but many people would say it was blood feud and justice.

However, the same is true of Ji Fa. My brother Boyikao was chopped into a paste, my father was imprisoned for seven years, and my grandfather was killed by Shang Wang, which is comparable to the revenge of the Wu father and brother.

But a day ago, Shang was the nominal patriarch of Xiqiao and the real son of heaven. Fortunately, the fact of desecrating the body of the son of heaven was selectively ignored by later Confucianism. But what does Ji Fa want? Just to complete the ritual sense of revenge by blood relatives?

The reason why Di Xin is so cocky is mainly to deter the adherents of Yin Shang whose population base is much larger than Xiqiao. Although we succeeded by luck, the huge population of Yin Shang can't be killed, so we must find a way.

Fourth, the subsequent cruelty.

The prince of Wu was abolished by all evil ministers, and Master Ding, the son of the Jue family, was cut down. Forty men, Jia Jun, Shien Ding, Stuart and Sima, were defeated in the suburbs first. -"Yi Zhou Shu". Prisoners of the world "

Under the altar (perhaps the legendary deity altar), the warriors of the Western Zhou Dynasty cut off the hands and feet of Zhou Wang 100 lucky ministers with axes, leaving them tumbling and struggling in a pool of blood. At the same time, there are 40 generals and Yin Shang who fought hard on the battlefield of Konoha. They were stripped naked and thrown into a boiling cauldron, basically inheriting the martyrdom of the Shang Dynasty.

Perhaps the louder the wail, the more intense the struggle, which can explain the richer the sacrifice to God.

▲ Living Sacrifice Stills

Then there was the grand ceremony of offering prisoners. King Wu dressed up as a son of heaven, followed the music to the altar and reported the process of destroying commerce to the souls of God and ancestors. A surname carried the white flag hanging from his head and the red flag hanging from his two wives' heads, and put the ears of the soldiers killed in the Shang army captured on the battlefield into the Zhou Temple and burned them on a huge woodpile. All kinds of raw and cooked human bodies were carried to the altar and formally offered to the ancestors of God and Zhou people.

The above ceremony is not a traditional custom of the Zhou people, and it may be a way to draw a gourd ladle with Jiang Ziya based on their singing experience in North Korea. The author understands it as a retaliatory act of "dealing with a man as he deals with you".

However, this is the third time that the head of the former Emperor Di Xin has been recovered, and the images on the altar are unimaginable horror and strangeness.

Western Shu merchants were a successful dynasty change, and the Western Zhou Dynasty mastered the right to speak. Naturally, the Shang and Zhou wars were actually wars between civilizations. Although we are all descendants of the Chinese people, the cultural differences between the two branches are greater than those of European countries because of the backward transportation and thinner blood relationship in ancient times.

The ancestors of the Xiqi tribe entered the barbarian world from the Central Plains, almost separated from each other. Later, after moving to Guanzhong, he slowly entered a state of semi-grazing and semi-farming. Archaeological excavations show that the civilization forms in this period in the Weihe River Basin in Guanzhong are different from the agricultural ancestors they boasted, they are similar and very backward. They still use ground stone tools as their main agricultural tools, and rough gray pottery is a necessity at home. The population is only a few thousand or more. They make a living by planting millet, sorghum and raising cattle and sheep. Only a few luxuries, such as jade and bronzes, are probably exclusive to the upper class imported from other places, and they are still in the Stone Age.

In a word, Yin Shang, with a population of one million and a highly developed bronze civilization, can completely reduce its dimension. In their eyes, such opponents are completely unworthy of respect and attention, and there is no need to conquer them.

Culturally speaking, the Western Zhou Dynasty also liked divination, and even deduced Wang Wen's sixty-four hexagrams, Mr. Feng Shui, a fortune teller and a street liar. But more often than not, they are not. After getting rid of ignorance, the Western Zhou Dynasty chose to explain the legitimacy of the regime by destiny. They learned the lessons of Shang Dynasty, Xia Dynasty and Zhou Dynasty, emphasized the importance of human beings without wavering the "destiny", and put forward the view that "man depends on the sky", emphasizing that both are equally important. This means that the essence of "heaven" is "loving the people", rather than the bloodthirsty image of the Shang gods, which is undoubtedly a great progress.

Conclusion: After all, the progress of history has given Zhou people the right to write history, but we can't verify many things such as religion and culture of Yin Shang except Oracle Bone Inscriptions and bronzes discovered by archaeology. In fact, it doesn't matter whether the Tang Five Revolution was just or not, at least it has nothing to do with our life today.

Mencius seems to have said nothing wrong. Whether it is illusory "abdication" or "sage", the essence of regime change is the same.

The difference is that any change and upgrade is a Machiavellian and war based on interests, and it is by no means the choice of the people. Since ancient times, the will of superiors will never be stranded because of the opposition of the bottom, and will never give up because of a few useless words from scholars who don't understand current affairs. The course of history is doggedly advancing in constant intrigue, intrigue and bloodshed, and all unpleasantness will be smoothed out by time, and Boyi Shu Qi is the only bright color in this gloomy background.

However, the alternation of Shang and Zhou dynasties is an important node in the evolution of Chinese civilization. From the Shang Dynasty, which was good at ghosts and gods, to Duke Zhou's thought of "respecting heaven and protecting people", the historical sky finally had a faintly visible humanistic color.

However, it seems inappropriate to use "even to the point" to summarize this war.