Due to the wanton intrusion of Russian troops in the Heilongjiang River Basin, the Qing court made a new assessment of the importance of this area, and adopted a series of emergency measures, such as delineating administrative areas, setting up officials, setting up post stations, sending people to survey the terrain and drawing maps. Then, how did this area develop and change from1mid-7th century to11820s (the panorama of the Forbidden City was completed on 1719)? It is true that from a macro point of view, as far as the whole Qing Dynasty is concerned, the development of Northeast China is extremely slow compared with the mainland; But from the vertical historical development of this area, some new weather has appeared, which is the answer that the map helps us find.

Open the map of Heilongjiang River Basin, although the description of natural landscape occupies an absolute dominant position, but the human landscape also shows some performance, mainly reflected in the "Huotun" concentrated in the labeling of Heilongjiang River Basin and Nenjiang River Basin. Starting from the upper reaches of Heilongjiang, mark them in sequence: yaksa hoton at the junction of Heilongjiang and emur bira, hū mar hoton at the junction of hū mar bira, and sahaliyan ulai hoton at the junction of kon bira. The cities marked in Nenjiang River Basin are from north to south, including mergen hoton where Nenjiang meets mergen bira, a tributary on the east bank, hoton in Yan Na where nemer bira meets, and cicihar hoton on the east bank of the main stream. These seven cities are the only symbols on the map that can reflect human activities.

In Kangxi's imperial panorama, in addition to the cities marked in the map of Heilongjiang River Basin, such as jaxa, Heilongjiang City, Aihui, Morgan and Qiqihar, several new cities were added. For example, after Heilongjiang flows through Heilongjiang City, it turns eastward, including Chahassu City (Jigasu), Derdeni City (Drodoni) and Chekhead City (Chekhet). After Nenjiang River flows through Qiqihar City, Chu Er is the tributary of the west bank of Chu Er River. After the Nenjiang River joins the Songhua River, Alechuka and Wan Licheng are on the way to the east. However, Yan Na City and Huma City on the map of Heilongjiang River Basin are not marked on the map of Kangxi.

In addition to painting towns, Kangxi's Panorama of the Forbidden City also shows a large number of pagodas (pagodas, Manchu and Qing? An, meaning village), especially after the Songhua River and Nenjiang River meet and flow eastward, there are more than 50 troops stationed on both sides of the strait. Gacha is an inherent social unit and settlement form of all ethnic groups in the lower reaches of Heilongjiang and east of Wusuli River. The drawing of a large number of Gacha on the map not only reflects the organizational form of social life in Heilongjiang, but also shows the population distribution pattern in this area, that is, mainly living in the southern region.

In addition, the imperial map also reflects the post road traffic situation in Heilongjiang at that time. The post station was an important transportation facility in ancient China, and the post station system in Qing Dynasty was more perfect on the basis of the previous generation. The initial development of Heilongjiang postal system was mainly due to the military needs of the war against Russia, and it was built in the 22nd year of Kangxi (1683). The postal route is divided into two sections with Qiqihar as the center, namely, Qiqihar to Heilongjiang and Qiqihar to Maoxing. There is a 18 post station marked with * * on the map, which is basically consistent with the records in A Brief History of Longsha and Outside Collection of Heilongjiang.

In a word, Kangxi's Panorama of the Imperial Capital basically reflects the development of Heilongjiang General's jurisdiction from17th century to18th century. During this period, several important towns such as Heilongjiang and Qiqihar were formed, but the urban layout was extremely loose and sporadic, mainly along the main river roads and post roads, and no urban belt was formed. From the perspective of Heilongjiang itself, the development of the northern region obviously lags behind that of the southern region; As far as the whole northeast is concerned, the development of Heilongjiang is obviously behind Jilin and Liaoning. In addition to the Gacha mentioned above, which is mainly distributed in the border area with Jilin, the symbols of towns on the map can also illustrate this point. Shengjing, Wula, Jilin and other cities all use box symbols, while Qiqihar, as the residence of Heilongjiang generals, uses small circle symbols, which is equivalent to the general town level. Its towns are mainly military in function, and several big cities, such as Laoaihui City, Heilongjiang City, Morgan City and Qiqihar City, have been ruled by general Heilongjiang. In the 22nd year of Kangxi (1683), the Qing court set up generals guarding Heilongjiang and other places in Aihui Old Town, and moved to Heilongjiang City (Aihui) the following year. In twenty-four years (1685), he moved to Morgan City, and in thirty-eight years (1699), he moved to Qiqihar City. The repeated relocation of the general's office to the south shows that the Qing court's attention to Heilongjiang weakened with the gradual calm of the Sino-Russian war. Compared with the measures taken by Russia in the same period to vigorously promote immigration to the real border, the Qing court's awareness of border development was weak.

I was going to send two pictures, but unfortunately I couldn't send them all the time, and I don't know what happened to Baidu. In fact, what I can find in Baidu pictures is the most comprehensive map of Heilongjiang River basin and the panoramic map of the empire.