one
I. Objectives and requirements
The purpose and requirement of this internship is to master the use of commonly used measuring instruments (level and theodolite), the use of total station, the layout of traverse control network, the observation and calculation methods of detail survey and leveling. After distributing the instruments, we practice in groups. First, carry out plane control measurement. In-school survey groups set up their own plane control network, and then carry out detailed survey and leveling. Benchmarks should be selected at the roadside of the road (not in the middle of the road to avoid traffic accidents), and should be marked and numbered after determination. Leveling adopts traverse reading method, and the number of observation stations is even.
Second, use a level.
1: Set instrument 2: coarse leveling 3: align leveling rod 4: fine leveling 5: reading.
In my daily study, I have actually operated the DS3 level. The level used this time is an automatic leveling level, which is more advanced than what I tried before. Every reading saves the operation of leveling, so that our observation can be completed smoothly and quickly, which greatly improves our measurement speed. In this internship, we used closed leveling route survey, and we encountered many problems in the first internship. For example, in order to see through some points in the school, we set them on crowded main roads, and passers-by directly affected the normal progress of our survey; It's winter now, and the cold weather not only affects the readings of instruments, but also tests the endurance of our classmates. But in the process of measurement, we continue to look for suitable opportunities with a calm mind and understand the test of the cold wind with a strong will. When checking the measurement data, the errors found should be solved immediately, and the reading results should be reworked immediately if they exceed the limit. At the same time, we also found that the measurement work generally reflects the measurement calculation process and results on the specified record form, and there are calculation checks in the form, and ∑a-∑ b = ∑b=∑h, which only shows that the calculation is correct and cannot reflect the advantages and disadvantages of the measurement results. After field survey, calculate the closing difference of elevation difference, and adjust it according to the length of horizontal route or the number of stations within the allowable tolerance range. If the tolerance is exceeded, it must be retested until it is qualified.
Third, the use of theodolite
The horizontal angle measurement in traverse survey has high requirements for us. We use J2 and J6 and electronic theodolite. Because we seldom touch theodolite in our daily study, Teacher Zhou Xinli gave us a detailed explanation. Because of the high precision of theodolite, it requires us to always adhere to the rigorous style of doing things and not be careless about every detail. At each station, it is necessary to check whether the left and right readings of the panel and the data measured at one time exceed the limit. If it exceeds the limit, it should be re-measured immediately until it meets the tolerance, and then enter the next station. In practice, in order to avoid big mistakes, we also summed up a lot of experience. For example, we can eliminate the eccentricity error of the sighting part by taking the average value of the left and right observation of the disk, and the residual error that the sighting axis is not perpendicular to the horizontal axis and the horizontal axis is not perpendicular to the vertical axis. For another example, pay attention to the center when observing the angle at the end of the short side, and aim at the bottom of the target as much as possible when aiming at the target, because their influence on angle measurement is proportional to the distance. In order to eliminate the marking error of the dial, it is necessary to configure the position of the dial and configure it every time it is back-measured. The main problems we encounter in angle measurement are the sinking of instruments and the influence of pedestrians on the roadside. Because the wires are far away and beside the road, passing cars and pedestrians are very disturbing. It takes great patience and potential to seize any opportunity to aim at the main points. In order to avoid the interference of pedestrians and vehicles, we go out early every day, so we must hurry when there are few people. In the process of angle measurement, we all saw the rigorous style of the students during the internship: in the cold wind, our
Rulers can be persistent, our observers can be strictly straightened with plumbs against the cold wind, and recorders and accountants can make mistakes in the data department.
Fourth, the use of total station
In modern engineering survey, total station is used more and more. Therefore, as a student majoring in civil engineering in colleges and universities, it is necessary to learn to use total station. The total station is simple to operate and powerful, and the distance and angle can be directly calculated. In this practice, we mainly used the basic survey (distance, angle, coordinates), lofting, field collection points and other functions of the whole station. The use of total station is similar to that of electronic theodolite. Its main purpose is to carry out man-machine dialogue through the keyboard, and the total station and prism are used together. The data collected by the total station can be directly imported into the computer, and a group of us use this method to map in a small area.
Five, the internship understanding
Through this measurement practice, I learned a lot, such as being more proficient in the operation of instruments, strengthening my understanding and mastery of what I have learned, and greatly improving my potential for hands-on and brain-thinking. I feel very shallow in the book and don't know how to do it. During the internship, you should deal with real tasks, and you can't shirk and escape. Field work won't give you time to go back to reading. Everything must be solved on the spot. Therefore, this made me deeply realize the importance of theoretical knowledge. In the future study, I will set my mind at ease to sort out and review the theoretical knowledge I have learned, so as to make it clear at a glance. Lay a solid foundation for future practical work. In this internship, I once again realized the importance of internship team spirit: one carelessness of everyone may directly affect the progress of the project and even bring irreparable losses for a lifetime. It is far from enough for a measurement practice to be completely completed. Only the cooperation and unity of the group can make the exercise complete quickly and efficiently. This survey practice has cultivated the potential of division of labor and cooperation in our group, improved the tacit understanding of our group members and enhanced the feelings between classmates. Each group is like a big family. When we encounter problems, we will pool our wisdom to solve them together. Although sometimes we will quarrel with you because of our own ideas in some internships, everyone wants to complete this internship more perfectly. In the future study, practice and work, I will learn to live in harmony with my peers and learn to be tolerant while constantly improving my career potential. This is the practice of topographic survey.
* It's over. In retrospect, we have gained a lot. At the same time, it also made us realize the hardships of working outside and the patience of working inside, made me understand that to do a good job, we must have firm beliefs and determination to win, and made us understand the importance of teamwork. Furthermore, attention should be paid to the protection of instruments in measurement. Thank the school for giving us this internship opportunity to experience reality and life. This investigation practice is of great help to our future society, and lays a good foundation for us to complete the follow-up related courses in the future and face social employment.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) experience and lessons
Of course, there are many bitterness and difficulties behind success. I summed up some experiences and lessons in my internship. For example, whether the instrument is accurate has an inevitable influence on the error of experimental data; If it is closed leveling and horizontal angle measurement, it is necessary to check the closure difference, and if it exceeds the tolerance, it is necessary to re-measure; It is also very important that the cooperation of team members is very important. Good internship atmosphere and working environment are important guarantees for the successful completion of internship.
There is still a long way to go, and this internship is just the beginning. In the future, whether internship or work, we should hold a rigorous working attitude and gradually establish the spirit of the industry. We should constantly sum up experience and lessons, constantly improve our professional skills, make ourselves more perfect and truly realize our life value.
two
I majored in construction engineering at the university. In the continuous study, I feel my own shortcomings. I need more internships to supplement my knowledge and find more learning methods in the internship. These are all things that we should do well. Only through continuous practice can we learn more. I hope I can do this in my internship:
(A) the purpose of the internship
(1) Improve the planning, organization and management potential of independent surveying and mapping work, and cultivate good quality and professional ethics.
(2) Be familiar with the working principle of level and theodolite.
(3) Consolidate the classroom teaching knowledge, deepen the understanding of the basic theory of control survey, guide the operation practice with relevant theories, integrate theory with practice, improve the potential of analyzing and solving problems, make the basic data of control survey get practical application, and further consolidate and deepen the learned knowledge.
(4) Through practice, be familiar with and master the operation procedures and measurement methods of the third and fourth class control survey. (5) Master the basic skills of processing and controlling survey results with survey adjustment theory.
(2) Preface
From June of 16, we carried out the engineering survey practice for 14 days. The information of this internship is the practice of engineering survey knowledge, and the requirement of the internship is to let each student basically master the actual operation of engineering survey. Compared with the previous classroom practice, this practice is more concentrated in time, more extensive in materials and more systematic in procedures. Starting from controlling and measuring actual production, deepening the further understanding, mastering and comprehensive application of book knowledge is to cultivate our quality in integrating theory with practice, independent work potential, comprehensive analysis and problem solving potential, organization and management potential. It is also a concrete, vivid and comprehensive technical practice.
On the first day of internship, Mr. Liu mobilized us to practice. At the mobilization meeting, Mr. Liu emphasized the importance of this internship and analyzed the difficulties caused by complex geographical conditions and dense buildings. And encourage students to overcome difficulties and complete this internship. It also explains the matters needing attention in the operation and relocation of the instrument, and requires that the internship spare parts be kept well during the internship. The instruments needed for this internship mainly include level, spirit level, tripod and theodolite. On that day, we officially started outdoor measurement.
(3) Practice recommendation
The two-week study of engineering survey has ended. Through this internship, I deeply realized the importance of integrating theory with practice. The survey area is near the Student Activity Center of Shuang Fu New District Jiaotong University. Because the plan to be drawn is relatively large, in order to complete the task as soon as possible, our group worked overtime on Saturday and Sunday to investigate. During the investigation, we didn't feel tired or hard, but we could enjoy ourselves.
Measurement is first and foremost an accurate job. By studying surveying in class during my school days, I have formed a basic and theoretical outline of surveying in my mind, and the purpose of my internship is to link these theories with practical projects. Surveying is a science that studies the shape and size of the earth and the points on the ground. In essence, the main task of measurement is to determine the position of the ground target in three-dimensional space and its change with time. In the information society, the role of measurement is becoming more and more important. As the foundation of the geographic information system, the measurement results bring the most basic spatial position information. To build information superhighway, basic geographic information system and various thematic and professional geographic information systems, it is urgent to establish a unified standard survey database and survey result information system. Therefore, surveying has become the most reliable and accurate means to acquire and update basic geographic information. There are many classifications of surveying, such as general surveying, geodesy, photogrammetry and engineering surveying. As a student of architectural engineering department, we should learn all aspects of measurement. Surveying and mapping is the basis of these professional knowledge.
(4) Practice summary
Through this internship, I learned the actual potential of measurement and have more endurance to cope with difficulties; I also learned the unity and tacit understanding between groups, and also exercised my potential in surveying and mapping.
1. In addition to being familiar with the use of instruments, understanding the sources of errors and measures to reduce errors, we should also master a set of scientific measurement methods, and follow the necessary measurement principles in the measurement, such as the working principles of "from the whole to the part", "controlling the part first" and "from the advanced to the low level" to achieve "step by step verification". Doing so can not only prevent the accumulation of errors and find them in time, but also improve the efficiency of measurement. Through practice, I really learned a lot of real things, such as being more proficient in the operation of measuring instruments and leveling, and learning things that I can't do in class, such as drawing digital topographic maps and measuring damaged parts, which greatly improved the potential of hands-on and brains.
Second, familiar with the use of level and theodolite, familiar with the various methods of using level and theodolite, and master the inspection and calibration methods of instruments.
Thirdly, in the process of checking and correcting data, we know the sources of various measurement errors, mainly including three aspects: instrument error (determined by the instrument itself, which is an objective error source), observation error (caused by the technical level of personnel, which is a subjective error source) and external influence error (influenced by external factors such as temperature and atmospheric refraction, which is constantly changing and difficult to control, which is a variable error source). Understand how to avoid measurement errors and limit the methods to reduce measurement errors, that is, to do:
(1) Appropriate high-precision instruments should be selected for instrument selection.
(2) Improve the measurement level and reduce the error level.
(3) Reduce errors through various mathematical methods of data processing, such as temperature correction, ruler length correction, multiple average measurements, etc.
This internship gave me a good overall feeling because I learned a lot. No matter what kind of internship, as long as we can find different learning methods and internship paths, we will certainly learn a lot in the process of internship. I believe I can do it well. In fact, the internship is really good, but it's a pity that many people don't realize the benefits and are still enjoying it. Sorry, I will be myself!
three
After two weeks of measurement practice, I got a comprehensive and systematic exercise and learned a lot of knowledge and skills that books can't learn.
Through this measurement practice, I learned a lot of real things, a lot of knowledge that I can't learn in textbooks. In practice, we should consolidate, expand and deepen the theoretical knowledge learned in class. I am more proficient in the operation of level and theodolite, and my familiarity with drawings has also been greatly improved. I have gained some valuable experience and important skills in the actual measurement work. We have further mastered the operation skills of measuring instruments, improved the potential of rapid calculation and drawing, and cultivated our own work potential in some small details. This knowledge is often something I seldom touch and pay attention to at school, but it is very important and very basic knowledge. From this, I have accumulated a lot of experience and learned a lot of practical knowledge. Internship not only cultivates our potential to work independently, but also exerts our team spirit. The measurement work cannot be completed by one person. Only by uniting and cooperating with classmates can we complete the measurement work quickly and efficiently.
I summed up some experience in this investigation practice.
First, we have learned the practical potential of measurement and gained more endurance to cope with difficulties. At the same time, we also recognize the importance of group unity and the steps to measure it. In the process of checking and correcting the data, we know the sources of various measurement errors, mainly including three aspects: instrument errors and external influence errors (such as temperature and atmospheric refraction). ) and observation error. Understand how to avoid the error of measurement results and minimize the occurrence of errors, that is, choose appropriate instruments with high precision in instrument selection. 1, improve your own measurement level and reduce errors. 2. Reduce the error through various mathematical methods of data processing, such as taking the average value from many measurements.
Second, we should master a set of scientific measurement methods, and follow the necessary measurement principles, such as "from the whole to the part", "control first and then step by step" and "from high to low", and check step by step. Doing so can not only prevent the accumulation of errors and find them in time, but also improve the efficiency of measurement.
During the third measurement, we noticed: (1) When setting the scale, the scale should stand upright and avoid shaking as much as possible. When the vibration occurs, we should choose the time when the data is the smallest to read. Before reading, the bubbles in the field of vision must be leveled (the lines on both sides overlap), otherwise the error will be great. (2) Pay attention to the measurement, because the alignment level will be readjusted if the instrument touches slightly, otherwise the data will be wrong. (3) Look at the information carefully, be accurate and decisive, and don't hesitate. Any mistake may lead to the abandonment of the final result. (4) It is very important to choose a point, so we must choose a representative place to choose a point. It should also be noted that the more points, the better. On the contrary, choosing too many useless points will not only increase the labor and time-consuming of measurement, calculation and drawing, but also cause great errors due to too many points. (5) Determine the roads and main buildings first, and then supplement other minor aspects, which is not only clear, but also conducive to the accuracy of drawing and checking the accuracy of measurement data by comparing physical objects and graphics at any time. We also need to know the measurement range to avoid omission and repeated testing. (6) The calculation shall be completed by at least two people, one for preliminary calculation, one for inspection and one for repeated inspection, so as to minimize the error.
The fourth point emphasizes that practice makes perfect. In this investigation, my main job is to help the rulers and select points. When I first started detailed investigation, I was not familiar with the work of sampling points.
Often because of the negligence or repetition of broken points, the drawing progress is affected and the efficiency of the group is affected. But after many operations, I gradually became familiar with this work, and I can understand the breakpoints that need to be measured without looking at the drawings. From this, I also understand that if I engage in measurement in the future, I must be familiar with the instruments used in advance, so that the efficiency will be greatly improved.
Fifth, we should seek truth from facts in everything. At the beginning, we had to repeat the same action for those broken points when we made a detailed investigation, so it was a bit cumbersome. Later, we had the idea of counterfeiting and forged some data. But later, we found that the positions of these broken points on the drawings were not in line with the actual situation at all. After that, our group will have a second interview. Through this incident, I understand that when everything is serious, it must be serious, and there can be no falsehood.
Sixth, in the measurement, we encountered all kinds of troubles in applying theoretical knowledge to practice, but we all solved them successfully, which not only exercised our potential to solve difficulties alone, but also condensed our potential to remain calm when we had nothing.
Although the two-week internship ended like this, it left me with endless experience and happiness. "What you get from paper makes you feel superficial." This survey practice has enabled me to increase my understanding of civil engineering, to have a deeper understanding of what I have learned in textbooks, and to learn too many valuable experiences that books can't. First of all, it makes me more proficient in the operation of the instrument and the steps and processes of measurement. Secondly, it makes me feel the strength of group cooperation, the importance of unity and the spirit of unity in measurement, which reflects that the spirit of unity and cooperation is as important as possible when we enter social work in the future.
Let's do things better and further improve our efficiency. Once again, everyone tries to complete the tasks set every day. Finally, I would like to thank the school for bringing us this internship class and giving us such a good learning environment. I also want to thank my teacher's guidance, which let us know a lot, not only learned professional knowledge, but also improved my spirit of struggle and unity. What I saw and heard in the internship further stimulated my love and expectation for civil engineering, and also made me deeply realize that if I want to make a difference in this industry, I must make more efforts, not only in theory, but also in practical application. At the same time, I deeply realized a responsibility, hoping to learn professional knowledge through my own efforts and lay a good foundation for becoming an excellent engineer in the future.