Abstract: In Greece, Venus is the goddess of love and beauty. In the long history, her female images have been constantly adopted, especially in the history of western painting, Venus is the main female image in many oil paintings and sculptures. In the deduction and deduction of masters in different times, the artistic image of Venus is constantly changing, and at the same time, the image of Venus is becoming more and more plump and full in this constant change. This paper attempts to analyze the evolution of Venus, a female image, from the historical time and the genre characteristics of artists.

Keywords: Venus; Female image; develop

Aphrodite, the goddess of Venus, is the Greek goddess of love and beauty and is called Venus in Roman mythology. She is in charge of human love, marriage, fertility and the reproduction and growth of all animals and plants. She is the symbol of love and the embodiment of beauty. In the long history, her image has been constantly taken out and adopted, especially in the history of western painting, Venus is the main female image in many oil paintings and sculptures. In the interpretation and deduction of masters in different times, the image of Venus is constantly changing, and at the same time, the image of Venus is becoming more and more plump and full in this constant change.

First, the evolution of Venus' artistic image

(A) Venus in ancient Greece

The essence of ancient Greek culture is mainly embodied in its myths and legends, temple buildings and statues. In ancient Greek works of art, we can see that God has human appearance, language and emotion. Who is God? Homomorphism? Yes Therefore, the beauty of the statue of Venus in this period has both the female beauty of the goddess in myth and the female beauty in real life, that is, the healthy and beautiful posture and expression of people in real life are used to depict God, so that the image of God above can be integrated with people's feelings and interests in life.

Venus, as the embodiment of love and beauty, was presented to the world as a naked goddess in ancient Greece, the most famous of which was Milos' sculpture Venus. So far, the posture of the lost arm of this sculpture, which is known as the treasure of the Louvre Town Pavilion, is still a mystery. This semi-naked statue, with its concise expression, emphasizes the sublimity and dignity of God, which conforms to the Greek aesthetic ideal of advocating bodybuilding and elegance. The expression on the statue? Not sad, unhappy, nervous, angry, peaceful, like a pool of water in the moonlight, should it be China's? Elephants are invisible? , known as? Noble simplicity, quiet greatness? And her broken arm was finally abandoned because no one could use reasonable posture to keep the goddess' feeling from being broken? .

The standard of beauty formed by ancient Greek sculpture, that is, perfect human body and skills, had a far-reaching impact on the development of the whole western sculpture art later. It is not only the creative source of Renaissance artists, but also lays the foundation for the morphological deduction of neoclassical sculpture.

(2) Venus in the Middle Ages

In the Middle Ages, Christian asceticism enveloped the whole western world, and the social atmosphere was depressing and dreary. According to the Bible? It is recorded in Genesis that Eve was bewitched by Satan who turned into a snake, ate the forbidden fruit of the tree of knowledge with Adam, and was expelled from the Garden of Eden by God. As punishment, Adam should work hard to make a living, and Eve should endure the pain of pregnancy and childbirth in October. Therefore, Christianity believes that people are born with this original sin, and the ultimate cause of this original sin is women's ignorance and temptation. Venus, the representative of beauty and love, also lost the sacred aura of the goddess' respect and worship, and was insulted and degraded because she became a banshee of sexual desire and temptation.

(C) Venus in the period of humanism

From the15th century, people gradually liberated from the shackles of medieval religious art and culture, and neo-Platonism philosophy became popular. ? Under the compromise of neo-Platonism, the gods of ancient Greece and Christianity appeared wonderful fusion, and the classical Venus, the most equivalent figure of the Virgin Mary, was gradually recognized by the society, and Venus became one of the symbols of the Renaissance? . Plato put forward two Venus in Drinking, namely the goddess Venus, which symbolizes the beauty of sacredness, spirit and concept; Venus on the earth, a symbol of secular, sensory and perceptual beauty. Although there are different ways to pursue beauty, Venus pursues a better life, which deserves praise and respect.

Botticelli was deeply influenced by Neo-Platonism. His novel The Birth of Venus is colorful and fluent, representing Venus of beauty and love, showing the fusion of vibrant body and new soul, and the unity of spiritual beauty and physical beauty. At the same time, Botticelli not only shows the elegance of women in classicism, but also pays attention to the portrayal of the characters' hearts, which makes the whole picture full of women's youth and tenderness, and at the same time feels a little sadness and mystery.

However, it is Titian, the representative of Venice School, who shows the beauty of secularity and sensibility to the fullest. In his "Venus of Ubino", the goddess who is at peace with the world moved into the dormitory of aristocratic women. God no longer exists in people's fantasy, but in social life, and he is an ordinary and secular person.

(d)/kloc-Venus in impressionism in the 9th century

/kloc-in the last 30 years of the 0/9th century, the innovation of science, technology and ideas and the development of society formed a powerful cultural trend of thought, which impacted the aesthetic concept of ancient Greek civilization tradition. MANET, the representative figure of impressionism, caused a revolution in painting, which not only portrayed the social truth of the middle class in the19th century as a new theme, but also subverted the traditional way of expression since the Renaissance in terms of techniques, expressing the three-dimensional sense with clear outline lines and strong colors.

Completed on 1863? Olympia? It is his masterpiece. The woman in the painting is actually a call girl in the upper class, but she is not inferior. Named after Olympia, the sacred mountain where the gods lived in Greek mythology, this painting is full of satire and attacks on the upper class. Manet painted her as a person, not as an object. The whole painting reveals a message that she shows her charm voluntarily, rather than following other people's instructions.

(5) Venus in modern and post-modern art in the 20th century.

? Venus? As the theme of artistic creation of artists who advocate classical culture, no matter sculpture, poetry or painting, no matter sitting, standing or lying down, they all have charming faces and elegant postures. However, in modern and post-modern artistic creation, artists have opened a new horizon for us. The most influential is Dali's bronze casting belt drawer Venus. If Manet's Venus is deepening realism, then Dali's Venus is alienated realism.

In the work, although Venus still maintains its original appearance, with drawers on her forehead, chest, abdomen and knees, it looks very funny, but this is by no means a blasphemy and satire on the classic statue. Dali thinks? Open the drawer to see the inside of the human body, including the body and soul. These open drawers symbolize the exploration of the subconscious? . Dali's works try to show Freud's psychoanalysis.

Two. conclusion

Venus, as the embodiment of love and beauty, has always been an eternal theme in the history of western art. If the image of Venus is erased from western art forms and the image of the Virgin in religious art is removed, the works on female themes in western art can be said to be almost broken. From any female works, we can almost find traces of Venus. From the birth of the goddess in ancient Roman mythology to the devaluation of Christianity, the revival of the neo-Platonism goddess in Renaissance, the transformation of the Venetian painting goddess to a woman, the realism in impressionism, and the alienation of Venus realism in modern and post-modern times.

However, with the changes of the times and the development of society, western artistic concepts and techniques are also constantly improving. In artistic creation, she broke through the shackles of the traditional model, constantly explored and innovated, and constantly enriched the female image of Venus. Venus is immortal. Through the efforts of artists, Venus' artistic image will be enriched and advanced on the road of artistic creation and development.

References:

[1] Zhou Plain. Art history of Venus [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Sanlian Bookstore Press, 2006

[2] Hua Xuan. The influence of humanism on Italian Renaissance painting [J]. Journal of Shangqiu Teachers College, 2008

[3] Du. The indissoluble bond between Venus and western art [J]. Journal of Sun Yat-sen University, 2003

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