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History of War in Wuling Mountain Area
Wuling Mountain Area includes Xiangxi Miao and Tujia Autonomous Prefecture, Zhangjiajie, Yuanling and Huaihua in southwest Hubei, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Qianjiang, Shizhu, Xiushan, Youyang and Pengshui in southeast Sichuan.

After the Yuan Dynasty, the Ming and Qing Dynasties officially entered Wuling Mountain area, and frequent uprisings were the main battles to defend the scenic areas in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. 1. Mangshan Battle was led by Miao leaders Tan Yingzhen and Du, and tens of thousands of rebels fought more than 200,000 Ming troops in Mangshan. The Miao and Yao nationalities in the 18 caves of Jiuxi Mountain in 48 were all brutally slaughtered. "The soldiers conquered, and then the people died ten times, and six or seven died." Jueziping, the original settlement of Yao nationality, was called Jueziping because of the killing and ruins everywhere.

Second, Miao Zhuoba is led by the leader. During the reign of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1403- 1424), Zhuo Batong led the Miao people in Guaixi and Baxiang to "refuse to pay taxes" and rebelled for more than 80 times. In the spring of the first year of Xuande (AD 1426), Liu Qiang, a local official, levied taxes and died at the hands of Miao people. In two years, the rebel army and the Ming army fought a decisive battle with the Qing army in Xiangshan, Xiba. More than 30,000 people were killed against 120,000 people.

3. From 1430 to 1433 (Xuande 5-8), Wang Miao Wu Shier, the leader of the White Blade, led the Miao people's uprising in Xiangxi, and launched the Luchuan Campaign three times, fighting bloody battles with120,000 Ming army for four years. La 'er Mountain has its Tusi Wu, with few loyalists, and it swept through the armed combination of Qing Bo (now Cengong) Wu with dragon three, Bai Dachong and Luoziping Miao, pushing the uprising to a climax. In a panic, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty mobilized hundreds of thousands of Ming army reinforcements from Guizhou, Huguang and Sichuan. Wu and other righteous troops fought against 300,000 Ming troops and fought dozens of big battles.

4. Later, from 1436 to 1460 (from the first year of orthodoxy to the fourth year of Tianshun), Li Tianbao, a Miao nationality of Zhijiang and Macheng in southwest Hunan, took Chang 'anping as the base, and Li Tianbao built his capital in Shangbao, which was called "the King of Wu Lie" in history (1455); More than 70,000 officers and men in Hunan, Yunnan and Sichuan were besieged, and Li Tianbao was killed.

5. The Miao people in Caoziping, Xiangxi (now Jishou City, Hunan Province), led by Long Musuo, Long (1538), Long and Wu Heimiao (1545), launched uprisings of different sizes. Among them, the struggle between Yilong and Bao Xu lasted for 10 years. In the struggle, they put forward that "the official has a thousand troops, and I have ten thousand points in Qian Shan", and "Zhuge Liang is seven vertical and seven tackled, and my Miao people are three tight and three slow". Tactics and tactics, to be clear about the loyalist against the enemy and to be hostile to me; When the enemy enters and hides, the enemy retreats and I go; A clever struggle in which the enemy is strong and I retreat, and the enemy is weak and I attack. 1548, the Ming dynasty mobilized160,000 officers and men and Tusi soldiers from Hunan, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces, and besieged the rebels on 10 road for two years. However, under the leadership of Long, the Miao Rebel Army suddenly attacked the northeast of Guizhou in 155 1 year (the 30th year of Ming Jiajing), and even broke Mayang County and Mayang County. Finally, Long Bao Xu was betrayed by a traitor.

Sixth, the eighteenth year of Jiajing (A.D. 1539). The Lal mountain area suffered from severe drought and no food was harvested. The people made a living by digging grass roots and bark, but instead of pitying them, the garrison and local officials of the Ming army imposed exorbitant taxes and fees, which aroused the resentment of Miao compatriots. In the 19th year of Jiajing (A.D. 1540), Long Bao Xu of Longtang (known as Longxibo in folk) and Wu Heimiao of Xinzhai were collectively called "Wang" in Xinzhai, and the flag of the uprising was erected (still intact). It forced the Ming Dynasty to mobilize Guizhou, Huguang and Sichuan again, claiming to mobilize 100,000 Ming troops to "level the seedlings". The Miao Rebel Army "guards the city, lurks in the forest, and walks at night", "The official has a thousand troops, and I have Qian Shan Wandong", "Zhuge Liang has seven vertical and seven escapes, and my Miao people are three tight and three slow", so they "break the state capital, hold the magistrate Li and go to the governor. Zhang Bangrui, the magistrate, fled with the seal, attacked the flat head, waxed yellow wax, attacked Tongren, broke the provincial stream, took the stream, seized Wanshan, entered Mayang, surrounded the phoenix, and forced Yongsui. , fought bloody battles with the Ming army 13 years. Zhang Yue, governor of the Ming army, was suspended and his salary was reduced. Dajuan is bored to mourn "Miao thief's nest is scarlet, the cliff is steep, the bird road is unattainable, and the bamboo forest is overgrown with weeds, endless, and the thief is from the inside out, and every time he succeeds, he looks dark from the outside, although he has no skill"; Guizhou "spends a lot of money every day, making ends meet, and officials are unpaid." In the 43rd year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 16 15), the court of the Ming Dynasty adopted Cai's suggestion of participating in politics, and built a "side wall" (a part of the present South Great Wall) from Tingzi Pass, Ta 'er Temple in Tongren to Queying Camp in Baojing, Hunan, and set up a "front camp" in ebb tide well and a "rear camp" in Liaojiaqiao to wait for Miaowang City. West seedlings (raw seedlings) cannot enter the east. "Anyone born in Miao Yi enters the county seat or tunpu, captures it and sends it to the account. Tie up the prisoners, stand the pole high, shoot the healthy soldiers, split the limbs and cook the soldiers. If the crime is minor, cut off your ears and nose. "However, the Miao compatriots under the jurisdiction of Wang Miao still have not given in, and their resistance continues. For a long time, they secretly "captured and plundered the army" and "boiled seedlings" areas, opened their relatives and economic and trade exchanges, and made due contributions to the anti-Ming struggle of the Miao people in La 'ershan area.

7. 1605 (thirty-three years of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty) During the peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty, the Miao people in Huxi also destroyed the side walls that imprisoned them. When Dashun Army came to Jingzhou, Xiangyang and other places in Hubei Province, Miao people in Huziping area in western Hunan responded in succession, attacking local Hongying, killing Ming officers, joining the Li Zicheng team, and merging into the torrent of anti-Ming struggle. In the 16th year of Chongzhen (A.D. 1643), after Li Zicheng conquered Jingzhou, Hubei, at that time, "all Miao and Liao in Hunan belonged to Wang Chuang", and the Miao compatriots in Wang Miao city also responded positively and United as one. Attack Yuanzhou, Xinkai, Yingkou, Huaihua and other places for flood control and tear down the "Miaobian Wall" (that is, the South Great Wall of China). Dashun Army was called Xinshun King in Xiangyang on 1643 (the 16th year of Chongzhen). In the same year, in Ruzhou (now Linru), Henan Province, the main force of Sun Chuanting, the governor of Shaanxi Province in the Ming Dynasty, was completely annihilated, successfully invaded xi 'an, and established the Dashun regime with the title Yongchang. (Later, Li Zicheng died of illness for fear of affecting morale. In order to stabilize the army, he was secretly buried by Miao people in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province, Jiugong Mountain in Tongshan County, Hubei Province, Mangshan Mountain in northern Guangdong Province or other places, but it is certain that Miao people have been guarding his grave and his treasure so far. Just like the tomb of Wuhei Temple has been guarded and kept secret by Miao people for more than 500 years, it has not been publicly decrypted until today. Miao people attach great importance to friendship and keep their promises. Li Zicheng's tombs and treasures will be kept secret by Miao people for thousands of years. ) Qianlong sixty years (1795) in the first month, Miao farmers in Songtao, Yongsui, Hunan (now Huayuan), Fenghuang, Ganzhou (now Jishou) and other places, under the influence of anti-Qing propaganda, in order to resist the exploitation and oppression of the government, landlords and usurers, in Shishi, Shishi, August Wu, Wu Banfu (. Miao, Han, Tujia and Dong people all over the country rose up in response to the uprising, and soon developed into the vast areas at the junction of northeast Guizhou, western Hunan and eastern Sichuan. In February and March of the same year, the Qing government sent Governor Yungui, Governor Fu Kang 'an of Sichuan and Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and Governor Fu Ning of Huguang to lead more than 100,000 troops in seven provinces to suppress them in different ways. The insurgents attacked everywhere with the tactics of "the enemy has 10,000 soldiers, I have 10,000 mountains, they come and I go, and they go and I come". In August, Wu wiped out more than 6,000 people led by Funing in the battle of dogs worshiping rocks in Ganzhou, and Funing was spared. Wu spent half his life in the big bird's nest river in Fenghuang Hall, blocking Fu Kang 'an for half a year. In August, the rebel army established Wu Weimiao as the general. In order to get rid of the predicament, the Qing government took measures to suppress and comfort. In September, Wu Bansheng was captured by spies. 12, Wu was captured in August for betraying a traitor. In June of the first year of Jiaqing (1796), Shi was lured to Aoxi by traitors and captured. As the leaders of the uprising were killed one after another, the insurgents began to retreat. In September, the Qing court appointed Eldenbao to replace Fu Kang 'an and He Lin, who died in the army, as the commander in chief, and mobilized heavy troops to besiege the insurgents. In December, Shilong village, the last stronghold of the rebels, fell, Deng died in Guiyupo, and the uprising failed.