The burning of Yuanmingyuan is 1860.

The burning of Yuanmingyuan occurred in A.D. 1860. 1860 65438+1October18,3500 British troops rushed into Yuanmingyuan and set fire to it. The fire lasted for three days and nights, and thick smoke hung over Beijing for a long time. This unique garden masterpiece was burned together.

architectural style

Another notable feature of Yuanmingyuan is that it imitates many famous gardens in China, especially in the south of the Yangtze River. Li Hongzeng, the emperor of Qianlong, visited Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces in the south of the Yangtze River six times, and made many trips to Wutai in the west, Daiyue in the east, Jehol, Shengjing and Panshan in the east. Wherever he goes, he likes famous mountains, rivers and gardens. After returning to Beijing, he will let the accompanying painters draw and copy in the garden.

According to incomplete statistics, there are no fewer than forty or fifty places that directly copy the landscape of Yuanmingyuan. The ten scenic spots of West Lake in Hangzhou are all copied from the park, and the names will not be changed. As the saying goes: Who says that the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River is beautiful, and the sky is shrinking in your arms?

1860 65438+Burning Yuanmingyuan on February 25th.

1February 25th, 860, Eight-Nation Alliance burned the Yuanmingyuan. Xianfeng occupied Yuanmingyuan after the British and French allied forces captured Beijing for ten years. China's defenders were outnumbered, and Wen Fengfu, the chief minister of Yuanmingyuan, threw himself into the sea, and Chang Ai, who lived in the garden, was scared to death. With the support of British Prime Minister Pa Max Don, British leader Elgin ordered the burning of Yuanmingyuan.

3,500 British and French troops rushed into Yuanmingyuan and set fire to it. The fire didn't go out for three days. Yuanmingyuan and its nearby Qingyi Garden, Jingming Garden, Jingyi Garden, Changchun Garden and Haidian Town were all burned into ruins. In Anyou Palace, nearly 300 eunuchs, maids-in-waiting, and craftsmen were buried in the sea of fire.

Huoshao Yuanmingyuan restoration

After the destruction of Yuanmingyuan, it is still a royal forbidden garden. During the Tongzhi period, he was ordered by Empress Dowager Cixi to try to rebuild it. At that time, it was planned to restore more than 3,000 temples in more than 20 places, mainly in Qian Chao District, Houhu District, West District and North District of Yuanmingyuan, as well as Gongmen District of Wanchun Garden and Xiaqingtang at the entrance of Fuchuntang.

However, less than 10 months after the project started, it was forced to stop work for maintenance due to the exhaustion of funds. Since then, Empress Dowager Cixi has repaired the Summer Palace, but she has not completely abandoned the restoration of Yuanmingyuan. Until Guangxu 22-24, she also restored Shuanghezhai and Jinongxuan in Yuanmingyuan. 1900, Eight-Nation Alliance went to Beijing, and Empress Dowager Cixi fled to xi 'an with Emperor Guangxu.

During the chaos in Beijing, the Eight Banners soldiers and bandits took advantage of the fire to rob nearly 100 existing and basically restored buildings, completely destroying the buildings and ancient and famous trees in Yuanmingyuan.

1900 Second Burning in Yuanmingyuan

Invaders burned Yuanmingyuan twice in history. The Yuanmingyuan was burned for the first time in the tenth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty, when the British and French allied forces invaded Beijing. The British and French allied forces burned and looted everywhere, savagely plundered and burned the world-famous Yuanmingyuan, and most of the temple buildings in the park were destroyed by fire.

Yuanmingyuan was burned for the second time in the 26th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty. Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing and set fire to Yuanmingyuan again, which made the remaining 13 royal palace buildings looted and burned again.

Extended data

The background of Eight-Nation Alliance s war of aggression against China;

1894 China was defeated in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894, and China's international status plummeted. Western powers began to covet China. /kloc-At the end of 0/9, the western powers set off an upsurge of carving up China. With the deepening of the national crisis, China people's struggle against imperialism is growing day by day.

At the same time, with the deepening of war reparations, the people were overwhelmed and eventually led to the Boxer Rebellion. The Qing government was at home and abroad, unable to resist, so the western powers became even more presumptuous and took advantage of the fish in troubled waters in an attempt to conquer China.

Panoramic model of Yuanmingyuan sand table

Panoramic sand table of Yuanmingyuan Panoramic model exhibition hall in the heyday of Yuanmingyuan is located in Yuanmingyuan, and you need to buy tickets to enter. The whole sand table occupies about 90% of the exhibition area, but the center of the sand table can't be watched carefully, and the whole building is a bit crude. There is also a canteen in the exhibition hall, and the scenery on the lake is also good here. The sand table will light up every once in a while. The sand table can only be visited around, which is a bit like the architectural model of the sales office. It is recommended to look at this exhibition carefully. The content is rough, so it is impossible to interact at close range, and it is not very good to take photos and punch cards. If you don't buy the whole ticket, you need to buy an extra ticket. You can buy tickets by scanning the code at the door.

The photos before the destruction of Yuanmingyuan are very scary.

The masterpiece of the world is magnificent; Yuanmingyuan is the most brilliant symbol of the whole Qing Dynasty and a miracle in the history of architecture! From the reign of Kangxi to the reign of Xianfeng, there were six emperors, and it took about 150 years to continuously improve and perfect. 1860, after the British and French allied forces captured Beijing and plundered150,000 pieces of cultural relics, a fire made this "fascinating castle like the sun and the moon" disappear!

Breaking the wall cannot break the national humiliation; There is no end to the river of blood; The Kingoma iron can't resist foreign guns and iron cannons. Finally, the broken Yuanmingyuan became a humiliating historical symbol in China's modern history. Without luxurious houses and precious cultural relics, Yuanmingyuan is dead in history!

Everyone has his own regrets. It is everyone's regret that Yuanmingyuan was invisible before it was destroyed! In order to make up for this regret, Xu Wenrong, a 7 1 year-old man, spent 30 billion yuan to rebuild Yuanmingyuan, which is called "wishful thinking"; According to the architectural drawings of the museum, technicians use 3D technology to restore the renderings of Yuanmingyuan. The magnificent and exquisite architecture is shocking, but it is not real after all!

The only thing that can give people a glimpse of the true face of Yuanmingyuan at that time is a photo. Before the Yuanmingyuan was destroyed by fire, an Englishman came here to visit and was deeply shocked by the Yuanmingyuan, known as the "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens". He picked up the camera and recorded the characteristics at that time. Now this photo has become very precious and sold for 200,000 pounds.

In the western suburbs of Beijing, there are endless xiufeng, artesian springs and large and small clear lakes everywhere. There are mountains and water here, forming the most beautiful natural scenery. At that time, Daliao built Yuquan Mountain Palace here. In the Ming Dynasty, many dignitaries rushed to build villas here. During the Wanli period, Tsinghua Campus, the first garden in Beijing, was built by Hou Liwei, a relative of Ming Dynasty.

In the Qing Dynasty, Kangxi also took a fancy to this "peerless treasure". 1709, he wanted to build a garden for his fourth son Yin _ in such a nice place, and named it "Yuanmingyuan". "Yuanming" means: "God is a gentleman; Bright and shining, people are also. " In other words, a person's quality level is very high.

1724, the first expansion of Yuanmingyuan began. Yong Zhengdi put the Ministry of Internal Affairs in charge and took people to the Jehol paddock to cut down trees. 1725, sent someone to the immortal mansion to cut stones. Zhu Pi said, "There is a slight delay in preparing stones for longevity, and I will be punished soon." This shows how much Yongzheng cares about the yard his father gave him!

During the Yongzheng period, the pattern of Yuanmingyuan was basically completed, covering an area of about 3000 mu. After Qianlong succeeded to the throne, the Yuanmingyuan was built, rebuilt and repaired. Later, during Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfeng years, Yuanmingyuan was also under construction. Even if the national treasury is empty, the construction of Yuanmingyuan cannot be left behind.

There is everything in the garden. Most of the stone materials used are white marble, the stone surface is finely carved, the roof is covered with glazed tiles, rockeries, artificial fountains, pavilions and pavilions are all designed with ingenuity, and there are more than 600 garden buildings, all of which are different. At the same time, Yuanmingyuan is a combination of Chinese and western, with both national architecture and western landscape, which is luxurious and atmospheric. It is called "Versailles in China"!

1860, the British and French allied forces robbed countless treasures and finally set them on fire. The fire lasted for three days and nights, and thick smoke hung over Beijing for a long time. Whether it is a unique garden masterpiece or a priceless painting masterpiece, it has been burned. The ladies-in-waiting, eunuchs and craftsmen in it suddenly had no time to escape, and 300 people died here.

1900, Yuanmingyuan was stolen again. With the demise of the Qing government, from 19 10 to 1937, useful things such as stones, wood and glazed tiles in the garden were dragged away one after another to build private mansions. Some people even drag away many stones from it every day and then take them out for sale. Decades have passed, and there is really nothing in Yuanmingyuan. During the "Ten-Year Movement",

100 years have passed, and the issue of "restoration" and "preservation" of Yuanmingyuan remains is still in dispute. Some people argue that history cannot be erased, and now the broken remains of Yuanmingyuan should not be repaired to warn future generations; Some people think that now that the country is strong, it should restore the glory of the previous nation and heal this scar. What do you think of this matter?