In 2006, it was selected into the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
Liang Zhu is a beautiful, sad and touching story. Many authoritative experts and scholars have verified that butterfly lovers did exist in history, and their love story is also a real event in history, with many historical materials and cultural relics as evidence. It is generally believed that it was formed in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but where Liang Zhu originated has always been controversial. Famous ones are: Maxiang Town, runan county, Ma Po Township, Jining City, Shandong Province, Yixing, Jiangsu Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, etc. Among them, runan county Maxiang Town cemetery site is located on both sides of Gujing-Hanguan Highway, and there are still remains. Jining Cemetery is located in Ma Po Village, Ma Po Township. During the Wude period of the Tang Dynasty (AD 6 18-626), there was a tomb of Liang Zhu in Ma Po, Zouxian County (now Weishan County), Jining City, and a stone tablet of "The Tomb of Liang Shanbo Zhu Yingtai" was erected. During a tour of Ma Po, Jining, Cui, an imperial envoy in the Ming Dynasty, the right assistant minister of Nanjing Ministry of Industry, and the right censor of the former Supervision Bureau, found that the old tomb built in the Tang Dynasty was dilapidated and ordered to be rebuilt. The story shows the marriage tragedy of a young man and woman who failed to combine because of hatred under the feudal system. The earliest document recording the legend of Liang Zhu can be found in Liang Zaiyan's Ten Ways and Four Stories in the early Tang Dynasty.
According to the textual research of Wei and Jin historians, the story of "Liang Zhu" originated in Maxiang Town, runan county, Zhumadian City, Henan Province. There are Liang Zhu's Tomb, Liangzhuang, Zhu Zhuang, Mazhuang, Hongluoshan Academy, Yuanyang Pool, Shiliangfang Ancient Road, Caoqiao (Caoqiao) and Zoutong's Tomb, and Master Liang Zhu was buried.
It is exactly 18 Li from Hongluoshan Academy to Zhu Yingtai's home, and it is also about 18 Li from Liangshanbo's home. That's why there is the plot of Eighteen Gifts.
This road in 18 is full of romance and beauty. The road in 18 is too short for me.
The ancient official road of the Han Dynasty in Beijing ruthlessly separated the tombs of Liang and Zhu. "Ghosts can't go by land, only by water. Although Liang Zhu is close at hand, they can only face each other across the road and can't get together. In ancient times, in order to facilitate the meeting of butterfly lovers, people dug a ditch more than 200 meters long on both sides of the road and built a bridge to connect the two ditches. At the same time, they also built a small bridge in the ditch beside Liang Shanbo's tomb and the path in front of Zhu Yingtai's tomb. Within such a step (6 feet), three small bridges are crowded together, which is called a one-step three-hole bridge. In this way, the living and the dead have their own paths. Unfortunately, the small bridge next to Liang Shanbo's tomb was pulled down, and now it is a' ditch dam' connecting Jinghan Road and Liang Shanbo's tomb.
Zhu Yingtai inquired all the way to Hongluoshan Academy. An old lady pointed to the west and told her to go to Caoqiao (not Caoqiao, but Caoqiao from other places, a myth of Caoqiao, a small bridge built by Cao in the south of the village, all the way down is called Hongluoshan).
Liang Zhu met at the grass bridge, taking the bridge as the main (god), collecting soil as a furnace, inserting grass as incense, and becoming brothers-
Our brother Cao Qiao bowed and hugged (the ambiguous word "hug" was used here), and our brother Hong Luoshan went to attack the book. In February, the apricot blossoms turned white (expressing a wish to grow old together), and our brother Hongluoshan went to learn literary talent (see, the name of a third party appeared intentionally or unintentionally). Peach blossoms bloom in March, and peach blossoms are red. My brother Hongluoshan studied the Five Classics hard. ......
The scenery around the grass bridge is not romantic-the road is muddy and the roadside is overgrown with weeds. But as far as I can see, the "18th Send" road is ditch or hollow, with towering trees beside the road and lush crops in the field, which is beautiful.
According to Mr. Fan, deputy director of Jining Cultural Relics Bureau, president of Jining Liangzhu Research Association and a famous Liangzhu culture expert, there are indeed Liangzhu in history, and the story between them is a real historical event. Their birthplace is in the hometown of Confucius and Mencius.
During the Tang Wude period (AD 6 18-626), Ma Po, Zouxian County (now Weishan County), Jining City, had a burial tomb of Liang Zhu, and a stone tablet of "Tomb of Liang Shanbo Zhu Yingtai" was erected. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a stone statue on Yishan Mountain in Zouxian County in the study room of Jining City, and Chen wrote a four-line "The Animal Statue of Wanshou Palace". People are sad like a pair of longevity palaces. "Ma Po is the hometown of Zhu Hema. Liang Zhu was buried in Ma Po, Zouxian County (now Weishan County), Jining City, during the Wude period of Tang Dynasty (AD 6 18-626) in Ma Po Village, which is adjacent to the north bank of Weishan Lake in the west of ancient Zou Yi.
The tombstone was silted up and buried for a long time. On June 27th, 2003, the Liangzhu Culture Research Association of Jining City and Weishan County People's Government held a grand ceremony of "Rebuilding the Monument of Liangshan Bo Tomb in Zhuyingtai". This is the only tombstone among the nine existing Liangzhu tombs in China. Cui, a monument-builder, was an imperial envoy of the Ming Dynasty, the right assistant minister of the Nanjing Ministry of Industry and the former right assistant minister of the Supervision Institute. Mr. Liu, researcher of China Academy of Social Sciences and chairman of China Folklore Society, Ms. He, researcher of China Academy of Social Sciences and vice chairman of China Folklore Society, Mr. Li, former president of Shandong Folklore Society, vice chairman of Shandong Folklore Society and director of Shandong University Folklore Institute, and other experts and scholars attended the excavation ceremony. The excavation of this monument has attracted great attention from the news media. CCTV, People's Daily, Xinhua News Agency, Popular Daily, Qilu Evening News and other domestic news media and foreign news media such as South Korea, Japan, Singapore and the United States reported on this, which caused a huge sensation at home and abroad in a short time and attracted great attention from the world. This is the only tombstone among the nine existing tombs of Liang Zhu in China, with 843 words, which is completely different from myths and legends. It not only indicates the location of the joint burial, but also points out the reasons why local officials ordered the joint burial. The inscription said that Zhu Yingtai was an only child, disguised as a man, and went to Yishan in Zoucheng to study. She met Liang Shanbo from Jiuqu Village in Wuqiaodong, and they were together, teaching in Yishan. She is a classmate during the day and sleeps together at night. She has been puzzled by clothes for three years. She is a believer in studious people. One day Yingtai went home homesick, and Shanbo learned the truth and called at home. After a while, he finally fell ill and was buried in Wuqiao East (according to Zou County's records, this bridge was flooded during the Qin Long period of the Ming Dynasty). When Yingtai saw the arrival of the Ma family, she was deeply concerned about Shanbo, so she gave up her life for justice and died of grief. The squire called it a festival and buried Shanbo's grave.
According to the inscriptions and on-the-spot investigation, the legendary story of Liang Zhu was originally in Jining City. The reason is that the Ma Po stone tablet is the earliest time to record the story of Liang Zhu. Don't say that the monument was recorded according to the external discipline. Even if it was erected in Zheng De for eleven years, it was much earlier than the Annals of Ningbo and Yixing in the late Qing Dynasty. Geographically, it is in line with reality. Liang Zhu's Tomb is located in the southwest of Ma Po Village, about three kilometers north of Jiuqu Village where Zhu Yingtai is located, and about ten kilometers southeast of Liangbo Village where Liang Shanbo is located. It is reasonable to say that Zhu Yingtai met Shanbo when he went to study in Wuqiao, Yishan. Regarding the age of the story, Fan believes that according to the epitaph, the story should have originated in the Han Dynasty at the earliest. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties in the Three Kingdoms, there was social unrest, and such stories had no social background. The system of selecting officials can't make Liang Zhu embark on the road of studying to be an official. Only in the Han Dynasty, when the society was stable and Confucianism was dominant, did the story of Liang Zhu come into being. Jining is the city with the largest number of cultural relics unearthed in the Han Dynasty, and most of the Han steles in the country come from Jining. Jining, as the hometown of Confucius and Mencius, is famous for its numerous Han tombs and large funerary objects. The more representative ones are: the Wu Tomb in Jiaxiang, han group in Jiulong Mountain in Qufu, han group, the king of Rencheng, etc. These are all the reflections of the social custom of paying attention to heavy burial at that time. In addition, it is particularly noteworthy that relevant archaeologists are studying the cemeteries around Liang Zhu's tomb. Based on this, it can be further inferred that this tomb is a Han Dynasty tomb in Liang Zhu.
At the same time, a large number of Han Dynasty stone tablets have been found in Jiuqu Village where Zhu Yingtai is located. Wu Qi, propaganda officer of the Party Committee of Ma Po Township Government in Weishan County, is an enthusiastic person in Liang Zhu cultural research. For more than 65,438+00 years, he has been visiting local people and collecting information about Liang Zhu. Just after the tomb of Liang Shanbo in Zhu Yingtai was unearthed, Wu Qi discovered a new important clue. He found a small broken tablet of Han Dynasty from Jiuqu Village, on which were engraved several words of Zhu surname. This small monument made him very excited, indicating that there was indeed Zhu's life in Jiuqu Village of Han Dynasty. This is a powerful proof that Liang Zhu was a native of Jining in Han Dynasty.
The story tells that Zhu Yingtai, a talented woman from Zhujiazhuang, Shangyu, disguised herself as a man and went to Hangzhou to study. On the way, she met Liang Shanbo, a member of Huiji who also went to Hangzhou to study, so they went to Hangzhou to study together. During this period, they were classmates for three years, inseparable, and forged a profound friendship. Zhu Yingtai went home first. Two years later, when Liang Shanbo visited Zhu Yingtai in danger, the truth came out and he realized that Zhu Yingtai was a daughter, so he went home and told his parents that he wanted to marry him. Unexpectedly, I was betrothed to the Ma family on the orders of my parents, and I regretted it. Three years later, Liang Shanbo became the magistrate of Yinxian County, and eventually fell ill due to years of lovesickness. After his death, he was buried at the foot of Qingdao Mountain in the west of Yinxian County. In the second year after Liang's death, on the way to get married, after Liang's tomb, there was another storm. When he heard that this was Liang Shanbo's graveyard, he couldn't help feeling sad and went up the mountain to pay homage. Zhu Yingtai wept bitterly for the dead, and his friendship touched the world. I saw a hole suddenly opened in Liang Shanbo's grave, and Zhu Yingtai jumped in and died in the same hole. After that, their souls turned into butterflies and danced. Butterfly Lovers
Researcher Lu Xiaonong believes that from the historical record, the written record of Liang Zhu's story first appeared in Yixing. Many experts in Jiangsu academic, historical and tourism circles believe that from Song Xianchun's piling records to Feng Menglong's legendary novels in Ming Dynasty, there are a lot of documents and other evidences to prove that Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai belong to Yixing people.
The earliest discoveries that spread abroad were neighboring North Korea and South Korea. According to recent research, from the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms to the Song Dynasty (9 18- 1200), Ye Luo, a famous poet in Yuhang, Zhejiang Province, wrote "Butterfly", which was compiled into "Ten Poems Copied" by people in the era of the Korean Kingdom. Among them, a poem "Saying that a wife is just a dress" refers to the story of Liang Zhu. By the Song Dynasty in China, the Notes on Ten Famous Poems edited by Koreans not only included Ye Luo's Butterfly, but also added the biographies of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai in the notes. This is the earliest Liang Zhu story spread abroad, from "a woman disguised as a man" to "a dress turned into a butterfly", which completely describes the legendary story of Liang Zhu. It can be seen that Liangzhu culture has a long history of going global. Later, it spread almost all over the Korean peninsula.
Besides, there are other versions of rumors about butterfly lovers: Liang was from the Ming Dynasty and Zhu was from the Southern and Northern Dynasties, separated by thousands of years. Zhu Benben was a chivalrous woman who robbed the rich and helped the poor. She once went to Ma Taishou's house to steal money. Finally, Ma Zhong's son Ma Wencai was ambushed and died by the sword. People buried it and set up a monument in front of the grave. Over the years, the monument sank underground. Liang, an official of Yinxian County, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, is honest and clean, middle-aged and widowed, childless. When he was buried after death, he dug up Zhu's tombstone, but he couldn't bear to tear down Zhu's tomb. But it doesn't seem appropriate to choose a place to bury Liang, so they buried it together and set up a monument. The black one is Liang and the red one is Zhu ... Since then, the legend that "Liang Zhu belongs to two dynasties" has been perfunctory. It was verified that the record was originally. 1986, the author wrote to the editor from Cixi: "butterfly lovers was a woman of two dynasties, Zhu Yingtai was a woman, and Liang Shanbo was an honest official, and their graves happened to be together." This story was told to him by a folk doctor in the same village. He used to be a peddler when he was young. The village doctor heard this story from an old man in Zhongshan Park, Ningbo. At that time, several people in the park were telling Liang Zhu's love story. The old man in Yinxian shook his head and said,' It's all nonsense!' The village doctor came forward and asked,' Old man, what they said is nonsense. "What is the truth?" The old man in Yinxian told this story. So, the author published the story told by the old man in Ningbo Park in the newspaper Shan Hai Jing. In fact, according to the historical facts that Xie An in Jin Dynasty empathized with Liang Zhu's story and reported it to the imperial court, Zhu Yingtai's tomb was named "Yi Fu's Tomb". As early as the Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties, their names and life stories were clearly recorded in authoritative historical books and literary masterpieces. The legend of Liang Zhu was introduced into Korea in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and their names and life stories were also clearly recorded in Korean historical books in the Song Dynasty.
The formation and development of the legend of Liang Zhu can be roughly divided into three stages. 1, the first stage is from the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, which is the formation period of legends, mainly manifested in oral legends, mainly circulating in Huiji (now Shaoxing) and Shangyu. 2. The second stage is from the Song Dynasty to the early years of the Republic of China, which is the development period of legends. The form of communication has developed from early oral communication to written records and literary works. The transmission area also jumped out of the central area of Huiji, radiating most parts of the country and flowing into Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia such as Japan, North Korea and Vietnam. 3. The third stage, from the late Republic of China to the present, is the mature period of legend. As far as the legend content is concerned, this stage eliminated the plot of "suing the underworld" and Liang Zhu's reunion, highlighted the content of Zhu Yingtai's double suicide, strengthened the theme of love tragedy, highlighted the folk anti-feudal democratic consciousness, and re-formed a relatively stable story structure.
Specifically, the earliest extant written materials about the legend of Liang Zhu can be found in Liang Zaiyan's Ten Ways and Four Stories in the early Tang Dynasty, which is quoted from Max Zhang's Siming Tujing in the Song Dynasty: the adoptive daughter tomb, which is also the place where Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai were buried together. There is a temple behind the reception center in the west of the county seat. The old memory said that the two had less experience in interacting with classmates, which was more than three years, but Shan Bo didn't know that Yingtai was a woman at first. That's how simple it is. According to "Ten Fang Si Fan Zhi", "The adopted daughter wishes Yingtai and Liang Shanbo to be buried together", which is also true. This legend was circulated among the people at that time with plot content. Unfortunately, Liang's record is too brief, which may not be its true colors. However, it can be concluded that the legend of Liang Zhu may have evolved from a real historical event. By the end of the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Qian's Xuanshizhi recorded the basic plot of the legend: Yingtai, the daughter of Zhu in Shangyu, pretended to be a man's travel, worked with Huiji, was a mountain folk, and was kind. I wish I could go home first. Two years later, Shan Bo went to see her, and I realized that she was a woman. I felt very lost. Tell his parents to apply for a job. I wish I had the word horse. Uncle Shan died of illness and was buried in the west of the city. I wish Sima, the ship passed the ancient tomb, and the wind and waves could not get in. Ask Shanbo's tomb, I would like to climb the tomb, the ground suddenly cracks, and I would like to be buried. Xie An, Prime Minister of Jin Dynasty, called it "Yi Fu's Tomb". In Zhang's records, it has been clearly pointed out that the legend originated in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the folk belief in it can be seen from "the tomb of Xie An, the prime minister of Jin Dynasty, is called the tomb of righteous women". Because Liang Zaiyan and Zhang Du were both from the Tang Dynasty, the legends they recorded were at least spread orally among the people, which attracted the attention of scholars and were recorded in local chronicles. Besides, folk customs can only be widely spread after a long-term development process. It is reasonable to push it from top to bottom to the Six Dynasties. The clue provided by Xu Shupi in the Book of Knowledge in the Ming Dynasty can verify this point: "According to Liang Zhu, things are different, which are contained in Jinlouzi and Huiji Literature and Art." Although there is no such record in Jin Lou Zi compiled by Yongle Dadian, I believe that Xu Zhiyan will not be groundless and out of thin air. Jinlouzi
This is the work of Xiao Yi, Emperor of Liang Yuan. Xiao Yi lived in 505-554 AD and wrote many works in his life. His poems are "frivolous and colorful", and Liang Zhu's "love history" should also be his content. This passage by Xu Shupi also points out the legend of Liang Zhu. It's "strange news", which means it happened in "Huiji", not "strange news" in other places. From this, we can basically conclude that the legend of Liang Zhu originated in Ningbo area of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
The written materials mentioned above about the legends of Liang Zhu are generally simple. An earlier and more complete work is Zhong Yi Ji written by Li in the Song Dynasty (the Song Dynasty knew something about the Ming Dynasty): God is afraid of benevolence, the word is good, and the surname is Liang, so people will remember it. The dream of the Goddess Mother was conceived in December. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Mu Diyong and Renzi were born on March 1st. Young people are smart and curious, but long-term students study and learn the code of grave robbery well. Learn from a famous teacher, cross Qiantang, meet a son, and take the lead. Watari Wataru sat down and asked, "Who's the son?" "Zhu is the surname, Zhen is the name, and Zhai is the word." He said, "Xi Zi?" Yue: "The hometown of Shangyu." He said, "Is it a stone?" He said, "The teacher is in you." Discuss the purpose with them calmly and feel at ease. God said, "Home and mountain are interlinked, so I am not sensitive to it. If I climb a fish and attach wings to it, I will look at it the same way. " So I went happily. I have been away from school for three years, so I hope I can come back first. Two years later, Shan Bo also returned to the province. Go to Shangyu, visit Xinzhai, and cite the ignorant. He smiled and said, "I know everything." If you are good at writing, may your husband nine niang succeed? "Introduction to heel door, poetry and wine. Shan Bo was disappointed, only to know that it was a woman. Retreat and admire his innocence, sue his parents for marriage, but he has promised Ma Shi, Fogg, the head of the city corridor. God sighed: "Life should be a seal, and death should be food for the temple. It's not enough to talk. "After Jian Wendi Juxian County, the county accepted the call of God and made a letter to make it. The baby was ill and asked the servant, "The Kowloon Market at the source of Xiqing Road is also a burial place. "With your eyes closed. Corning Gui You was born in August 16. In a few days, people in tianquan county are worried. In the second year, Bingzi, in the second year, Zhu Shima's family traveled to the west, and the waves were booming. Ask the teacher in horror. He pointed out, "This is the new tomb of Liangshan Boling. Isn't that weird? "Yingtai was buried in the grave, mourning it, and it was buried in the ground. The follower was surprised by his skirt, and the wind was fierce, and he fell in Dongxi Xiyu. Ma Yan said that officials opened the coffin and the serpent protected the grave, but it didn't work. The county heard a lot about the DPRK, and Prime Minister Xie An invited him to seal the adopted daughter's tomb and let him stay in Jiangzuo. To Andi Ding Youqiu, Sun En Kouhuiji, the demon party abandoned the monument in the river. Qiu asked for help, and God helped him in his dreams. The night fruit was shining, the soldiers were invisible, and the thieves fled into the sea. Yu Jia heard that the emperor showed his strength with the help of God, praised and sealed "Benevolence and Loyalty" and built a temple. The more Liang Wang temples there are, the more there are two Huiji temples with yellow skirts in the western regions. People suffering from drought, floods, epidemics and travel accidents need to pray. In the first year of Daguan in Song Dynasty, Ji Chun collected Records of Nine Domains and Records of Ten Roads and Four Fans, and the facts can be verified. Reporter's husband Ji Ye, Ji Yichuan immortal cloud. In a word, students, like teachers, are right. Death and marriage are the same. God serves the country and nourishes the people. Shi Wen Zhong Yi, worthy of worship, has an immortal reputation. (See Qingwendao's Yinxian Annals. ) In this temple annals, a complete legend plot is preserved, which is basically similar to the legend of Liang Zhu that is now circulated among the people. In addition, the date of birth and death of Liang Shanbo and the time when the temple was established are clearly recorded in it. Although I don't believe it completely, it still has certain reference value for inferring the time when the legend came into being. Mu Diyong and Renzi were Yonghe eight years (352 years); Jian Wendi reigned for two years, that is, the first year of Xian 'an (37 1 year) and two years; Kangning Gui You was the first year of Kangning in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (373); Andi Dingyou was the first year of Long 'an (397). In other words, Liang Shanbo was born on the first day of the third lunar month in 352, served as county magistrate in 37 1 or 372, and died on the 16th of the third lunar month in 373. Zhu Yingtai got married in the late spring of 374; Liangshanbo Temple was built in 397. If the records are reliable, we can generally think that the legend of Liang Zhu came into being in more than 20 years from 374 to 397. Because the legend of Liang Zhu can only be produced and spread after the legend itself produces results. The legend of Liang Zhu, for example, has always been a secret or fact that happened in a very small area during the period of "disguised as a man", "grass bridge sworn", "three years of classmates" and even "meeting on the balcony" in Zhu Yingtai. In this period, it is impossible to spread the legend abroad or widely, so no matter how legendary the "woman disguised as a man" is and how lingering the "encounter on the balcony" is, there will be no legend immediately. It was not until Zhu Yingtai's tomb was "double suicide" that the legend became clear and gradually became public. The local people were shocked by this sudden "incident" and began to get to the bottom of it. As a result, people began to tell sad and touching stories in their lives. Before "the official of Ma Yan, the story was heard in the DPRK, and the Prime Minister Xie An played the memorial of his adopted daughter", the wonders of Liang Zhu gradually spread among the people. Then, through the continuous processing and enrichment of folk artists, the classic legends that have been passed down through the ages are deduced.
The legend of butterfly lovers basically took shape, but there was no "become a butterfly" ending.
Since then, more important literature records include Li Nv by Feng Menglong and Biography of Zhu Yingtai by Shao Jinbiao of Qing Dynasty (Daoguang), especially the latter ending with become a butterfly as a butterfly: Zhu Yingtai, nine niang in fine print and a rich girl in Shangyu. Born without a brother, you are both talented and beautiful. When parents want to choose a spouse, Yingtai said, "It is wise for children to study abroad." It was renamed Jiuguan because it was easy to wear men's clothes. When Liang Shanbo was still studying in Huiji, he went to Bixianyan in Yixing Mountain Spring Temple, built a temple to study and live together. I haven't seen you for three years before Liang realized it was a woman. Liang said, "If you can visit each other one day, you must tell your mother to marry your sister." Actually, I promised myself. Liang Jiali was poor, shy and afraid to walk, so he went to Yan State. Parents use the English word Ma hippo chef. The back beam is the Yin Ling, so I wish my family to consult nine officials. The boy said, "My family has nine niang, but there are no nine officials." Liang Jingyu, please meet your classmates. Yingtai covered his face, but he was born in an "easy" position. Liang repented and died, and his last words were buried at the foot of the mountain. In the second year, Yingtai will return Ma Shi, and Zhou Zi will be ordered to make a detour. When the wind and waves rise, the ship will berth. Yingtai burst into tears in front of Liang's tomb, and suddenly the ground cracked and fell into the tomb. Embroidered skirt, butterflies fly away. Xie An, the Prime Minister, heard about it in the DPRK, so he asked to be the adopted daughter's tomb, which is also the current affairs of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. During the period of Qi and Peace, it was miraculous and made great contributions to the war. One department built a temple in Yin to worship. Its reading room is called Bixian Temple. Qi Jianyuan changed to Shanquan Temple. There are stone carvings at the back of this temple, and the big letters "Zhu Yingtai Reading Room". In front of Xu Li Temple, the village name is Zhu Ling. Rhododendrons bloom in the mountains, and Qi Fei is a big butterfly. Folklore is the soul of both. Today, it is called "Zhu Yingtai" Cloud.
Although the plot of "become a butterfly" has a saying in Xue's poem in Song Dynasty that "the butterfly dances to condense the mountain gods and flowers bloom like jade", it is combined with the local environment to form a vivid ending, thus pushing the legend of butterfly lovers to a new height. Another contribution of this record is to highlight the background of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. At that time, due to the gentry system, only equal family status could exchange marriages. Under this strict class opposition, young men and women are involuntarily married because of their family status and identity, even if they are destined to know each other and fall in love. Liang can't marry. I'm afraid this is one of the main reasons why the legendary Liang Shanbo was born in poverty, so he postponed the period of marriage and employment until he made a county magistrate to visit friends in Zhu Zhuang. At that time, there was a saying that "there is no poverty in the top grade, and there is no home in the bottom grade". As Liang Shi, Roy married a rich man. Shen Yue went to the table to impeach him, saying that Roy insulted scholars, nothing more, and called human beings "not our race". In the past, the written records of Liang Zhu legends were not specific enough to reflect the background of the Six Dynasties (perhaps more specific in folk oral circulation).
It was not until the operas, songbooks and folk songs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties finally came out in the form of short stories that this historical background was gradually and clearly expressed. It can also be said that the development of legend here (referring to written materials) has fully revealed its social and economic roots. The legend of Liang Zhu was thus formed. Therefore, judging from the available materials, the complete formation of the legend of Liang Zhu was from the Song Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty.
The Legend of Liang Zhu is full of local characteristics in the south of the Yangtze River, with wind and willows, which makes people linger. This soft art form reflects the aesthetic psychological characteristics of the people in the south of the Yangtze River, and also shows the regional environmental characteristics of Liang Zhu legends. Qi Li's plot structure embodies human loyalty to love; In the process of spreading, the legend of Liang Zhu was accepted by drum words, stories, ballads, legends, wooden fish books, dramas, folk art, music and other art forms, thus it was widely spread among the people, became the most brilliant oral and intangible culture art in China, and formed a huge and unique Liang Zhu culture.
There is also a popular saying in Hangzhou, Zhejiang: "If you want a husband and wife to grow old together, take a picture in the well." Zhao Shuangjing is an ancient well located in Chao Hai Temple outside Caoqiao Gate. According to folklore, when Liang Shanbo sent Zhu Yingtai home, Zhu Yingtai stamped his foot to make clear water come out of the dry well, and used "Gu Jing Chun Le, brothers take double photos." A man and a woman, living in harmony with heaven, inspired Liang Shanbo, but Liang Shanbo did not understand. Because both Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai have taken photos here, a young man and a woman often loom in the clear well water. Chao Hai Temple has more incense because of the double wells. Every year on the third day of the first month, men, women and children go to Chao Hai Temple to burn incense, and they all come to Zhao Shuang Temple to take pictures. People say that if an elderly couple takes a photo, they will live younger and younger; If young men and women take a photo together, they will live in harmony and grow old together.
The legend of Liang Zhu is a treasure of China culture. Before his death, Premier Zhou Enlai pointed out that it not only wrote a tragedy, but also showed an ideal. For thousands of years, the legend of Liang Zhu has deeply touched people's hearts with its distinctive theme of advocating knowledge, love and endless praise, and has been widely loved by the people with its winding and moving plot, distinctive characters and ingenious story structure. Liang Zhu legend and other art forms with Liang Zhu legend as their content show artistic charm, making it a wonderful flower in the forest of Chinese folk literature and art. Since the formation of the Jin Dynasty 1600 years ago, the legend of Liang Zhu has mainly spread in Ningbo, Shangyu, Hangzhou, Yixing, Jining, Runan and other places, and spread to various regions and ethnic groups in China.
In the process of spreading, people all over the country constantly enriched and developed the content of legends, and even built many tombstones and temples with the theme of Liang Zhu legends. In addition, the legend of Liang Zhu has spread to North Korea, Vietnam, Myanmar, Japan, Singapore and Indonesia, and its influence is rare in China folklore. People use colorful literary styles to express this beautiful story. There are more than 30 kinds of operas, more than 20 kinds of quyi, hundreds of ballads, dozens of handicrafts and film and television works. Like other oral literature and intangible cultural heritages, in the past 20 years, due to the influence of modernization and urbanization, the legends of Liang Zhu, which are mainly passed down orally, have suffered unprecedented impacts. The original oral inheritors have died one after another, and the younger generation is unwilling to continue, and the inheritance is in danger of dating. In the near future, there may be no inheritors and rappers in the legend of Liang Zhu, and the "root" of Liang Zhu culture is in the legend of Liang Zhu, which needs urgent rescue and corresponding protective measures to continue this excellent cultural tradition.
According to the legend of Liang Zhu, various literary and artistic works such as Butterfly Lovers, violin concerto Liang Zhu, piano concerto Liang Zhu, and movie Butterfly Lovers, etc. , and the unique fashion of studying and getting married formed from it constitute a huge cultural system in Liang Zhu. Butterfly Lovers
Areas or units to be declared: Ningbo, Hangzhou and Shangyu in Zhejiang Province, Yixing in Jiangsu Province, Jining in Shandong Province and runan county in Henan Province.
Butterfly lovers is the only China folklore with wide influence in the world, and it is known as "Romeo and Juliet in the East". According to experts' research, all the place names and relics corresponding to the story of Liang Zhu can be found in runan county. It has regional characteristics, folk story language characteristics and phenological characteristics. After the Western Jin Dynasty, there was a long-term war in the Central Plains, and intellectuals, famous families and merchants fled everywhere. Liang Zhu's love story spread all over Zhejiang, Shandong, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Anhui and other provinces with the migrating people.
China Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL) coordinated four provinces and seven places in Henan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shandong, and strengthened the excavation, arrangement and development of Liangzhu cultural heritage from different angles to form a joint force. Qi Xin joined forces to declare Liangzhu Culture and participate in the evaluation of world oral and intangible cultural heritage. On February 4th, 2005, the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and China People's Association awarded runan county, Henan Province as "the hometown of Liangzhu in China", which brought an authoritative conclusion to the dispute over Liangzhu's hometown. Not long ago, the application materials drafted by four provinces and seven places have been submitted to the Ministry of Culture for review. Prior to this, multi-party joint "application for heritage" was the first case in China, which was the first case in China.