Frank's father is the only survivor in the family. He decided to publish this diary to record Anne's thoughts, feelings and experiences in detail during her hiding. For decades, it has been an international bestseller and an important part of the Holocaust education program. Some humanitarian organizations are committed to her legacy.
"Anne is a lively and talented girl. She expresses her observations, feelings, self-reflection, fears, hopes and dreams in her diary," said annemarie Baker of Anne Frank's House in Amsterdam, whose words have resonated with people all over the world.
Anne Frank was born in Frankfurt on June 65, 1929. According to the American Holocaust Museum, annemarie Frank was born in Otto and Edith Frank. Otto frank was a German army lieutenant in World War I and later became a businessman. Anne's sister margot is three years older than her.
Franks are progressive Jews. Until the autumn of 1933, they lived in the suburbs of Frankfurt with different religions. In recent years, anti-Semitism has been on the rise in Germany. 1933 65438+ 10, the Nazi party led by Hitler took control of * * *, and the Franks moved to Amsterdam. Anne described this move in her diary: "Because we are Jews, my father immigrated to the Netherlands in 1933 and became the general manager of the tower company of the Netherlands Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, which produces jam products."
Franks enjoy the freedom and acceptance they found in Amsterdam. According to Melissa Mueller's book "Anne Frank: Biography" (Picador, 20 14), Anne studied in Amsterdam's No.6 Montessori School. She is a smart and curious student and has many friends with different backgrounds and beliefs. Otto frank set up a food ingredients wholesale company in Amsterdam. 1940 In May, the Nazis invaded Amsterdam, and Franks was in trouble again. Jews must wear David's yellow star and observe a strict curfew. They are forbidden to own their own businesses. Otto frank transferred the ownership of the company to the Christian Association, but he operated behind the scenes. According to Miller, Anne and margot had to transfer to an isolated Jewish school. Anne wrote: "After May 1940, there are only a handful of good times;" First the war, then the surrender, and then the arrival of the Germans, this is the beginning of the Jewish trouble. "
1942 June 12, Anne 13' s birthday, Otto gave her a red and white notebook, which she had selected while shopping locally. Anne decided to keep it as a diary. Her first sentence was: "I wish I could tell you everything, because I have never told anyone." I hope you can be a great source of comfort and support. "
1in July, 942, the Germans began to send Dutch Jews to concentration camps. According to * * *, Franks tried to immigrate to the United States, but was refused a visa. According to Anne Frank's house, the Otto family began to plan to hide.
With the help of his Jewish business partner Herman Vampel and his colleagues Johannes Kreman and Victor Cugler, Otto set up a hiding place in the annex of his company. The hiding place is 263 Plinson Lachter, which is an area with many small companies and warehouses.
1942 On July 5th, margot received a summons to report to the concentration camp. The Franks went into hiding the next day, several weeks ahead of schedule. A week later, the Van Pailes family joined the Franks, who called it the "secret annex". According to Moore, eight people in the "secret attachment" were hidden in the "secret attachment" for two years. It sends a statement that no matter what happens, these are important things.
On March 28th, 1944, residents of the secret annex heard a special news report on the radio. Dutch Cabinet Minister Bokstam announced that diaries and other documents will be collected after the war to preserve what happened for future generations. Claibe said that Anne decided to submit her diary and began to revise it for future readers. She conceived a novel about secret love.
Anne's diary reveals an insightful, confident and direct young woman. She wants to be a famous writer. She wrote, "I can't imagine having to live like my mother, Mrs. Vampel and all the forgotten working women. Besides my husband and children, I need something to dedicate my life! " I don't want to waste my life like most people, "said Crabbe.
This view helps Anne to be a role model for girls. She writes honestly. She is writing for a wider audience, and the image she presents is often a person who has confidence in herself. She is a good role model, teaching you how to show yourself in writing and write for change.
"She talks about girls very intimately, which I think is also very important. This is a very radical act. This is what women don't want to do. She stressed that these things are really important.
Anne also wrote about the lack of nature, Jewish ethics and her views on human nature. One of her most famous articles is such reflection. Anne wrote: "Even so, I still believe that people are really kind at heart."
The last time Anne kept a diary was on August 1944+0.
Capture, capture and execution on1August 4, 944. German police raided the secret annex. All the people who were hiding were arrested. I wonder how the police found this attachment. Theories include betrayal, perhaps by Nellie, the sister of Bep Voskill, a warehouse worker or helper. 20 16 12, Anne Frank house published a new theory based on the investigation of this organization. The idea assumes that illegal fraud with ration coupons also occurred in 263 Prinsengracht, and the police found this secret attachment during the investigation.
Residents of the secret annex were first sent to the Westerbork transit camp, where they were held in the restricted area. 1September 3, 944, they were sent to Auschwitz concentration camp. There, men and women separated. This is the last time Anne saw her father. Anne, Margaret and Edith worked together until 1 944165438+101,and Margaret and Anne were transferred to Bergen Balcen.
Bergen Balzen is overcrowded and infectious diseases are rampant. Three months later, Anne and Margo got typhus. Margaret died on February 1945. A few days later, Anne passed away. According to Baker, the exact date of their death is still unknown.
Otto frank is the only survivor among the residents of the annex.
Publishing Diary Miep-Gies found Anne's diary after her arrest. After hearing the news of Anne's death, Gith gave the diary to Otto who returned to Amsterdam. According to Anne Frank House, Otto read her diary, which he said was "a revelation". There, I lost a completely different child from Anne. I don't know her innermost thoughts and feelings.
Otto knew Anne wanted to publish her diary and finally decided to realize her wish. According to Baker, he combined her original diary with the edited diary because her original diary was partially lost and the edited diary was incomplete. Finally, it was published in 1947, and some editorial changes and paragraphs about Anne's sexual orientation and negative feelings towards Edith were deleted.
Different editions, including an unabridged edition and a revised critical edition, have been published, and Otto's editor has been deleted. The film and stage adaptation of Diary has been completed. Diary writer Baker said: Anne Frank has been translated into 70 languages.
Legacy "Anne's description of the time hidden in a secret attachment; Her ability of observation and self-reflection; Her fears, hopes and dreams still left a deep impression on readers all over the world, "Baker told Life Science. Through Anne's diary, people began to understand the Second World War and the Holocaust, and they read how they were excluded and persecuted. After many years, Het Achterhuis still has contemporary significance.
Krebe said: Anne Frank is very famous and has become a sacred figure. Several organizations do humanitarian work for her.
It is wrong for people to focus on the humanitarian theme in Het Achterhuis and ignore other parts. Claibe said that she is very active and tries to see the benefits of things, but in many ways, she is just a teenage girl, trying to deal with it as a teenage girl, but in extreme cases, "Claibe said, I think this is the real meaning of her story. ..... and many people's experiences intersect.
Baker said that this kind of diary is very easy to read, which makes it very popular in primary school classrooms all over the world. It provides a different perspective for the Holocaust, because it is not about a concentration camp and a child. Its initial honesty also distinguishes it from other history books.
But Klebel warned that educators should not just use Anne Frank's diary to teach knowledge about the Holocaust. This is a good starting point for talking about the Holocaust and children's experiences. We have her diary, but we must consider how many little girls we have without theirs.
Additional resources Anne Frank Museum Amsterdam: Anne Frank official website American Holocaust Memorial Hall: Anne Frank Author: An unfinished story Jewish Virtual Library: Anne Fran.