On the eve of the Spring Festival that year, as usual, the big housekeeper wrote several big "blessings" and asked people to stick them on the door of the palace. An illiterate person pasted the word "Fu" upside down. Prince Gong Fujin was very angry and wanted to punish him with flogging. But this big housekeeper is an eloquent man, and quickly knelt down and declared, "I often hear that Prince Gong lives a long life, and now Dafu has really come." This is a sign of happiness. When Prince Gong heard this, he felt reasonable and thought, "No wonder passers-by say that Prince Gong is blessed (healthy). After speaking Kyrgyz for a thousand times, gold and silver increased. A slave without any knowledge really didn't expect such a move! So I gave the housekeeper and servant fifty taels of silver. "。 This is really a blessing in disguise!
2. Legend 2: Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, took the word "fu" as a secret memory and prepared to kill people.
Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, took the word "fu" as a secret memory and prepared to kill people. In order to eliminate this disaster, the good-hearted horse queen asked all families in the city to put "Fu" on their doors before dawn. Naturally, no one dares to go against Ma Huanghou's will, so the word "Fu" is put on every door. If one family can't read, turn the word "fu" upside down. The next day, the emperor sent people to patrol the streets and found that every family posted the word "Fu", and another family posted the word "Fu" upside down. When the emperor heard the news, he was furious and immediately ordered the body guard to cut down the house. Seeing that something was wrong, Ma Huanghou quickly said to Zhu Yuanzhang, "My family knew that you were visiting today and deliberately put the word' Fu' upside down. Isn't this the meaning of "blessed road"? " When the emperor heard the truth, he ordered his release, and a great disaster was finally eliminated. Since then, people have turned the word "Fu" upside down for good luck and in memory of Ma Huanghou.
Which dynasty did the word "Fu" come from? Legend has it that Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, made a private visit and found a family with lanterns and monkeys holding embroidered shoes. He thought it was ironic that his queen was Bigfoot, so he ordered people to use the word "Fu" as a secret and prepare for murder. In order to eliminate this disaster, the good-hearted horse queen asked all families in the city to put "Fu" on their doors before dawn. Naturally, no one dares to go against Ma Huanghou's will, so the word "Fu" is put on every door. If one family can't read, turn the word "fu" upside down. The next day, the emperor sent people to patrol the streets and found that every family posted the word "Fu", and another family posted the word "Fu" upside down. When the emperor heard the news, he was furious and immediately ordered the body guard to cut down the house. Seeing that something was wrong, Ma Huanghou quickly said to Zhu Yuanzhang, "My family knew that you were visiting today and deliberately put the word' Fu' upside down. Isn't this the meaning of "blessed road"? " When the emperor heard the truth, he ordered his release, and a great disaster was finally eliminated. Since then, people have turned the word "Fu" upside down for good luck and in memory of Ma Huanghou.
Which dynasty did the custom of turning the word "fu" upside down originate from? Hello! There is also a folk legend that the word "fu" is posted backwards. Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, took the word "fu" as a secret memory and prepared to kill people. Anyone who posted the word "fu" in front of the door was exempt from execution. In order to eliminate this disaster, kind Ma Huanghou asked all the families in the city to put "Fu" on their doors before dawn. One family can't read, but it turns the word "fu" upside down. The emperor was furious when he learned that, and immediately ordered the body guard to cut down the house and all its doors. When Ma Huanghou saw that things were not good, he quickly said to Zhu Yuanzhang, "The family knew that you were visiting today, and deliberately turned the word" Fu "upside down. Isn't this what' Fudao' means? " The emperor ordered his release as soon as he heard the truth. Since then, people have turned the word "Fu" upside down for good luck and in memory of Ma Huanghou.
Which dynasty did couplets originate from? The custom of posting couplets in the Spring Festival of Han nationality began in the Song Dynasty and prevailed in the Ming Dynasty.
According to historical records, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, loved couplets and posted Spring Festival couplets. He not only writes by himself, but also often encourages his officials to write. One year on New Year's Eve, he sent a message: "A pair of Spring Festival couplets must be added to the door of public officials or scholars." On New Year's Day, I was very happy to see the Spring Festival couplets that complement each other. He went to a house and saw that there were no Spring Festival couplets on the door, so he asked why. It turns out that the owner is a castrated pig, and he is worried that he can't find someone to write Spring Festival couplets. Zhu Yuanzhang immediately wrote down the Spring Festival couplets of "splitting the road of life and death with both hands and cutting off the root of right and wrong with one knife" and gave them to this family. From this story, we can see that Zhu Yuanzhang vigorously advocated Spring Festival couplets, and it was precisely because of his vigorous advocacy that it promoted the popularization of Spring Festival couplets. By the Qing Dynasty, the ideological and artistic quality of Spring Festival couplets had been greatly improved. Liang Zhangju's monograph "Lian Lian Cong Hua" discusses the origin of couplets and the characteristics of various works one by one. Spring Festival couplets had become a literary and artistic form at that time.
Spring Festival couplets originated in Fu Tao (rectangular red boards were hung on both sides of the gate in the Zhou Dynasty).
According to the Book of Rites, the peach symbol is six inches long and three inches wide, and the words "Shen Tu" and "Lei Yu" are written on the mahogany board. "On the first day of the first month, I made a peach symbol for this family and named it Xianmu. All ghosts are afraid of it." Therefore, the Qing Dynasty's "Yanjing Shi Sui Ji" said: "Spring Festival couplets, that is, Fu Tao." In the Five Dynasties, in the court of West Shu, someone wrote couplets on peach symbols. According to the Records of Shu Family in the History of Song Dynasty, Meng Chang, a master of the later Shu Dynasty, ordered Zhang Xun, a bachelor, to write a poem on the mahogany board, "Because of his non-work, he claimed to write a cloud:' Come in the New Year, celebrate Changchun'", which was the earliest Spring Festival couplets in China. Until the Song Dynasty, Spring Festival couplets were still called "Fu Tao". There is a saying in Wang Anshi's poem that "thousands of households always exchange new peaches for old ones." In the Song Dynasty, the peach symbol was changed from mahogany board to paper, which was called "Spring Sticker". Ming Dynasty: Fu Tao was renamed Spring Festival couplets. In the Ming Dynasty, Chen wrote in Mao Yunlou's Miscellaneous Paintings: "The creation of Spring Festival couplets began with. Jinling, the imperial capital, suddenly issued an imperial decree before New Year's Eve: a pair of Spring Festival couplets must be added at the door of public officials and scholars, and the emperor will appear as soon as he leaves. "
Which dynasty did the Hui nationality originate from?
Which dynasty did tofu originate from? Tofu is a great invention of ancient laborers in China. Nowadays, tofu has become a global green food for health care, health preservation and disease prevention. Because of its easy materials, unique technology, rich nutrition and low price, it is known as "longevity" food.
There is a legend about the origin of tofu. There is a family of three, where a couple and a mother live. Unfortunately, the mother-in-law is not good to her daughter-in-law, and even won't let her drink ordinary soybean milk. One day, my mother-in-law left, and my daughter-in-law began to grind beans and cook soybean milk. But when the soybean milk was boiled and she was filled with joy, footsteps came from the yard. Fearing that her mother-in-law would come back, the daughter-in-law quickly picked up the whole pot of freshly cooked soybean milk and poured it into the jar beside the stove. When I went out, I saw my husband coming back, so I took her husband into the house to drink soy milk. But when I opened the lid of the can, the soybean milk actually solidified into pieces. It turns out that the jar was soaked in sauerkraut before, and there was some sour soup bottom in it, so the soybean milk solidified as soon as it was poured in. The young couple barely tasted it and found that the solidified soybean milk was delicious, tender and delicious, so they named him "tease". If you think about it this way, it is not difficult to understand another meaning of "eating tofu"-it turns out to be "teasing your husband", but "husband" can be teased, but strangers can't tease, especially strange women. Maybe, slap it and let you eat Mapo tofu.
According to "Compendium of Materia Medica Tofu in Valley", "The method of tofu began with Liu An, the king of Southern Han Dynasty." He also said that tofu is "sweet, salty, cold and slightly toxic". However, in my opinion, Compendium of Materia Medica is a pharmacopoeia with many fantastic ideas. It can't be used to research the origin of tofu, but at least it shows that tofu has a long history.
From my small town, it takes three hours to drive to Shipai ancient town, our hometown of tofu, where 90% people make tofu and 10% sell tofu. Approaching this town, there is a strong smell of tofu pudding, which makes people relaxed and happy. The women here are also very beautiful. The panels are bright, smooth, soft and cold, and have the texture of tofu. Looking at their faces really makes people want to eat more tofu. I once visited a small tofu workshop and saw them grind soybean milk out of a stone mill, then cook it in a big pot and order it to coagulate. It's really "a round of grinding nectar, rolling snowflakes in hot soup." When the tile is soaked, the toad has a shadow, and the golden knife cuts the jade. "On that day, I ate two bowls of freshly made tofu, which was fragrant and simple, and people still remember it.
Tofu is healthy food. Eating more can lower blood pressure and prevent aging; Tofu is also a beauty food. It is said that tofu contains natural phytoestrogens, and women can have breast enhancement and buttocks if they eat more. It's so tempting. Because of this influence, all women should have tofu on their dining tables. Moreover, there are many ways to eat tofu, which can be used as a dish alone, as a main ingredient, an auxiliary material, or as a seasoning; Suitable for steaming, stewing, frying, smoking, cold salad and other cooking methods. Can be made into various dishes, shapes, cold dishes, hot dishes, soups, hot pots, rolls, clips, pills, bags and so on. It can also be made into various flavors, which not only has the original flavor of dry incense, but also has unique flavor absorption characteristics. Tofu is more delicious than bird's nest. As long as you like, you can do everything possible to eat tofu and eat all kinds of customs.
Shanghai stinky tofu
According to legend, the birth of stinky tofu originated from an unintentional mistake: tofu was not sold in time and was forgotten in the corner for a long time. It was too late when it was discovered, and the tofu that was originally pure as jade had completely rotted. A man named Wang Zhihe got up the courage to take a bite. As a result, this meal is really a rock-breaking, and history is worth writing: from then on, a stinky tofu was born in China.
Shanghai Edition: During the Qing Dynasty, there was a cloth business company in Songjiang County, Shanghai. At that time, Shanghai had just opened its port, and foreign businessmen and capital settled in Shanghai one after another. After many twists and turns, Qin Si's small business was defeated by foreigners. In order to register, he learned to make tofu. Qin Sisheng filtered soybean milk with the remaining fine gauze. As a result, the tofu he made was thin, tender and white, which was deeply loved by people. Once on a rainy day, tofu was unsalable and could not be accumulated. Qin Sisheng was afraid that the tofu would go bad and lose all his money, so he cut it into small pieces, mixed it with salt and spices, and sealed it on the altar, thinking that it could be made into fermented bean curd. Who knows that a few days later, when the altar was opened, the fermented bean curd could not be made, but the tofu stinked. Qin Si tasted it and it was delicious. Then the stinky tofu is fried. Who would have thought it was so fragrant? Later, after repeated research, I finally got a name for stinky tofu. Later, I simply switched to frying stinky tofu. Later, his descendants turned stinky tofu into a shop and opened it to the bustling city god temple. Since then, business has been booming.
Once stinky tofu is made, the most significant change in nutritional components is the synthesis of a large number of vitamin B 12. Lack of vitamin B 12 will accelerate the aging process of the brain, thus causing Alzheimer's disease. In addition to animal foods, such as meat, eggs, milk, fish and shrimp, vitamin B 12 is more, especially stinky tofu. Eating stinky tofu has a positive effect on preventing Alzheimer's disease.
Which dynasty did Beijing Opera originate from? During the historical period from the end of18th century to the beginning of19th century, "Kunqu Opera" occupied the stage of Beijing's traditional opera. Later, Kunqu opera was called into the palace by feudal rulers. In order to cater to the taste of the rulers, Kunqu opera has been continuously processed and modified, gradually losing its original folk characteristics and divorced from the broad masses of the people, so its position in the folk has gradually declined. At this time, "Beijing dialect" gradually enriched, evolved from "Yiyang dialect" and became popular.
Yiyang Opera, also known as "High-pitched Opera", was born in Yiyang, Jiangxi Province, and has been circulated among the people for a long time, with a deep mass base. In the mobile performance, we constantly draw nutrition from local operas and tap the essence. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, "Yiyang dialect" spread to Beijing, and with the gradual enrichment and evolution of Beijing's language, "Beijing dialect" was formed.
Gradually, "Beijing dialect" became popular in Beijing, overshadowing the limelight of "Kunqu Opera". There are more and more "Peking Opera" actors every day, and many "Kunqu Opera" actors have also changed to "Peking Opera" dramas. During this period, "Beijing dialect" really flourished for a while.
In the Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1790), September 21st was the 80th birthday of Qianlong. Famous theatrical troupes from various provinces in China were called to Beijing to celebrate their birthdays. First, Gao Langting, the famous Dan of Anqing Hui Opera Troupe, was ordered to lead a "Sanqing Class" to Beijing to celebrate his birthday, followed by Sixi, Chuntai and Hechun. This is the first time that Hui Opera has appeared on the opera stage in Beijing. At that time, it was collectively referred to as "Huizhou Four Classes".
After the performance of "Sihuiban" celebrating the 80th birthday of Qianlong, he did not return to the south and stayed in Beijing. From the middle of that year 10, they turned to stage performances of folk operas.
"Hui Opera" originated in Anqing City, Anhui Province, so it is also called "Anqing Hui". It is a local opera with a long history, and its timbre is mainly Huang Er tune, supplemented by [Kunqu], [Huizhou tune], [Blowing tune] and [Siping tune], which is very rich. Huizhou Opera has a wide range of themes, moving plots and easy-to-understand opera language, which is deeply loved by the masses in folk performances.
The reason why "Class Four of Huizhou School" can be popular in Beijing at the same time is that although they are all "Huizhou operas", they have their own characteristics. "Sanqing Class" is good at performing a whole set of plays with a beginning and an end; "Sixi Class" is good at performing plays that are good at "Kunqu Opera"; The actors in "Spring Festival Evening Class" are mainly teenagers, and the audience has been watching middle-aged and elderly dramas for a long time. At first glance, it is refreshing; Most of the actors in "He Chun Ban" are good at wrestling and fighting, and are good at martial arts. At that time, there were few martial arts scenes on the Peking Opera stage, which naturally attracted attention. In the city of Beijing at that time, the streets and alleys
"Hui" and "Han" have performed together for nearly 30 years, learning from each other and constantly improving. Coupled with the influence of Beijing dialect, the vocal cavity has gradually changed a lot. At that time, people called this changed singing "Beijing dialect".
Cheng Changgeng, the main actor of Hui Opera, and Yu Sansheng, the famous actor of Han Opera, went north to Beijing to make a living and joined the Sanqing class and Chuntai class in Beijing at that time. Zhang Erkui, an amateur who is good at singing and reading in Beijing, joined Sixi Class from Hechun Class after going to sea. Their performance was warmly welcomed by the masses. With superb singing skills and profound artistic talent, they have absorbed the essence of "tune" and "performance" of various local operas on the basis of "Beijing dialect", and integrated them for our use. They kept the excitement of "Hui Opera" and the euphemism of "Han Opera", absorbed the alley of "Kunqu Opera" and always heard the praise of "Four Back Classes". The fame of "Hui Opera" is increasing day by day, and almost all the grand theaters in Beijing are occupied by "Hui Opera Troupe".
During the Jiaqing and Daoguang years of the Qing Dynasty, "Han Opera" also spread to Beijing. "Han Opera" used to be called "Chu Tune", also known as "Han Tune", with Xipi as the main tune and Huang Er as the supplement. Shaanxi Bangzi was introduced into the northwest of Hubei and evolved into "Xiangyang Opera". After the integration of local artists, it evolved into "Xipi" of "Han Opera". After continuous improvement and development, Huanger Opera in Huangpi and Huanggang in Hubei has evolved into Huanger Opera in Han Opera.
"Han Opera" has a history of more than 300 years, and it often interacted with Anhui Opera in its early days. When "Han Opera" entered Beijing, the stage in Beijing was being occupied by the huge "Hui Opera". If "Han Opera" sets up a class club alone, it is really difficult to compete with "Hui Opera". Therefore, after the "Han Opera" entered Beijing, it naturally joined the "Hui Troupe" and formed a performance mode of "Hui" and "Han". This laid a good foundation for the formation of "Peking Opera".
The silence and prosperity of "random play" make "Beijing dialect" constantly create and innovate, and gradually form a relatively complete artistic style and performance system. Finally, during the Xianfeng period, a new kind of drama-"Peking Opera" with Xipi and Huanger as the main voices was born. From Sanqing, Sixi, Chuntai and Hechun to the birth of Peking Opera. It has been brewing for about 60 years.
Peking Opera, which has a great influence in the world, is the essence of China opera art. It is not a local opera born and bred in Beijing, but a "national opera" based on "Hui Opera" and "Han Opera", which absorbs the essence of "Kunqu Opera", "Bangzi Opera" and many local tunes and melts and evolves according to the language characteristics of Beijing.
Which dynasty did the writing brush originate from? It was invented by Meng Tian, the general of Qin State during the Warring States Period.
Calligraphy is a unique traditional art in China, which is highly respected by people all over the world. Its existence undoubtedly benefits from the special writing tool of the brush.
The raw materials of modern brush are mainly animal hair and bamboo tube. In the stationery factory, the writing brush has to go through 72 processes. For example, choosing wool is very troublesome. A goat's hair can be divided into 19 grades, and only five kinds can be used to make pens. Workers have to choose one by one from ten million wool, rabbit hair and wolf hair (weasel hair) in Qian Qian, and then combine them. It can be seen how difficult it is to make a brush.
There are many kinds of brushes. As far as raw materials and characteristics are concerned, it can be divided into three categories: soft brush, hard brush and double-sided brush. Soft hair is made from the hair of goats and wild antelope, collectively referred to as sheep hair, which is soft and round when writing. The raw materials of bristles are bristles and rabbit hair-purple hair, which has strong elasticity and sharp and blunt words. Concurrent luxury is the proportion of soft and hard hair. For beginners, most of them use double brushes.
There are brushes of different sizes. The smallest pen is called ghost pen, followed by fine print, Chinese characters and big characters ... The largest pen weighs dozens of pounds, and the pen holder is thicker than the bowl. The writer seems to sweep the road with a big broom. So, how did such a complicated category of brushes come from?
The writing pen in our country originated very early. Judging from Oracle Bone Inscriptions without knives, there were primitive pens in Xia and Shang Dynasties. Judging from the patterns on painted pottery in the Neolithic Age, the appearance of pens can be traced back to more than 5,000 years ago. By the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, all countries had made and used writing pens. At that time, there were many names for pens: Wu called it Fa, Yan called it Fu, Chu called it Xing and Qin called it Pen. After Qin Shihuang unified the whole country, "pen" became a definite name, which has been used ever since. It is said that the brush we are using now was invented by Meng Tian, the general of Qin during the Warring States Period.
In 223 BC, Meng Kuo, the general of Qin State, led his troops to fight against Chu in Zhongshan area. The two sides fought fiercely and the war was protracted. In order to let the king of Qin know the situation on the battlefield in time, Meng Tian should write the situation report regularly and deliver it to the king of Qin. At that time, people usually dipped bamboo slips in ink and then wrote on silk, which was very slow. Although Meng Huo is a military commander, he is full of literary talent. Writing the battle report with the pen mentioned above often makes him feel that it has affected his mind. That pen is hard and hard. If you can't write a few words, you have to stop and dip. If you dip too much ink, it will drip straight down and stain very expensive silk. Meng Tianqian had the idea of changing the pen, and this time he wanted to write a lot of situation reports, and this desire became stronger and stronger.
During the war, Meng Tian liked to go hunting in the wild. One day, he shot some wild rabbits and returned to the barracks. Because the rabbit has been hit many times, it is very heavy in his hand. There is a rabbit's tail on the ground, and the blood is dragging winding traces on the ground. When Meng Tian saw it, he couldn't help but move: "Isn't it better to write with rabbit tail instead of ordinary pen?"
After returning to the barracks, Meng Tian immediately cut off a rabbit's tail and put it on a bamboo tube, trying to write with it, but the rabbit's hair was shiny and didn't absorb ink, and the words written on the silk were intermittent. Meng Tian tried several times to no avail, and a silk was wasted. In a rage, he threw the "rabbit brush" into the rock pit in front of the door.
Meng Tian was not willing to fail, so he took the time to consider other improvement methods. A few days passed, but he still didn't find a suitable method. On this day, he walked out of the barracks and wanted to breathe some fresh air. Walking through the rock pit, he saw the "rabbit brush" he had thrown away. Meng Tian picked it up, pinched the rabbit hair with his fingers, and found that the rabbit hair was wet, and the color became whiter and softer. Meng Tian was greatly inspired and immediately ran back to the barracks to dip in ink. At this time, the rabbit's tail became very obedient, absorbed enough ink, wrote smoothly, and the font became round. It turns out that the water in the rock pit contains calcium, and the rabbit hair becomes soft after being soaked in alkaline water. Because this pen is composed of a bamboo tube and rabbit hair, Meng Tian added a "bamboo" prefix to the popular pen name "Xing" at that time and called it "stupid" (now abbreviated as "pen").
This is the origin of the brush. To this end, the North Town of Wuxing Mountain in Zhejiang Province also specially built a "Meng Tianci" to commemorate the originator of the pen.
Which dynasty and Song Dynasty did Jinshi originate from?
Epigraphy and archaeology became independent research departments, which was a great academic achievement in Song Dynasty. Epigraphy and archaeology in Song Dynasty originated from bronze ware research in Song Zhenzong period. 1000 (the third year of Xianping), Ganzhou obtained an ancient bronze tripod with a square foot, on which there were 2 1 of ancient prose, which was proved to be the "father of faith and history" by a true scholar. It was only after Injong that ancient artifacts were studied as a science.
A number of inscriptions and monographs have emerged, among which many famous Confucian scholars have devoted themselves to research, among which Zhao Mingcheng is an outstanding representative. Twenty years later, he collected 2000 volumes of inscriptions, which were compiled into "Epigraphy of Song Dynasty", with a total of 30 volumes. Through the narration of Zhao's life and the process of collecting inscriptions and writing books, this paper tries to fully explain his position in the field of stone collection and its inherent historical value.
Which dynasty did the birthday celebration originate from? According to legend, in ancient times there was a man named Peng Zu, who was a famous birthday girl. From Emperor Yao, he lived in Xia and Shang Dynasties, and the Shang Dynasty kept the history of Tibet, and the officials worshipped the virtuous doctors, and the Zhou Dynasty served as the post-history. Forty-nine wives and fifty-four children. It is said that he lived over 800 years and was a famous birthday girl in China history. The so-called "small flower" method used 60 days as a year at that time, which was equivalent to today's 140 years old.