It ended hundreds of years of separatist melee since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and established the first centralized unified dynasty in China history. Long-lasting large-scale division and war have seriously damaged social order and mercilessly plundered life and property. So by the end of the Warring States period, far-sighted politicians and thinkers realized that ending division and establishing a unified regime were the only choice to get rid of suffering. The unification of the Qin Dynasty, whether viewed from the vast territory or the strict and effective rule, was beyond the reach of the so-called "Three Generations of Prosperity", which really laid the foundation for China's unification of a multi-ethnic country.
It established a series of systems, which had a wide and far-reaching impact on later generations. The emperor system created by the Qin Dynasty concentrated the highest title, the most prominent position and the most fundamental power on the monarch, which marked the establishment of the absolute monarchy system. It institutionalized the political ethics of "respecting the monarch and obeying the minister" and established the absolute ruling order of imperial power through the relevant regulations of court negotiation documents, costumes, harem and mausoleum.
It is also of great significance to fully implement the county system. In 22 1 year BC, a debate broke out around how to effectively rule the vast territory and people. Qin Shihuang adopted the suggestion of Tingwei Lisi and popularized the county system throughout the country. As a local administrative organ under the central government, counties have the power of appointment, dismissal, assessment, rewards and punishments of officials at all levels, which are in the hands of the central government and the emperor. Compared with the previous enfeoffment system, the county system fully embodies the characteristics of centralized system.
Top-down autocratic bureaucrats replaced the previous aristocratic hierarchy. The central government has a political central organization headed by the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is the chief executive who assists the Emperor in his daily affairs. Qiu's official position, according to the "Han Guan Bai Gong Qing Table", is the first official position, the military attache, and the status is equivalent to that of the prime minister; According to scholars' research for many years, Qiu did not appear in the historical records of Qin State and Qin Dynasty, or there was no such official position at that time, or it was empty. The status of ancient literati was very prominent in the Qin and Western Han Dynasties. Grasp the real power of supervisory officials and be responsible for drafting and conveying letters for the emperor; It is not only the assistant and supplicant of the prime minister, but also the reality of monitoring and containing the prime minister-this shows that he is a minister trusted by the emperor's eyes and ears. Otherwise, the "nine ministers" customarily referred to are in charge of the specific government affairs of the central government. At the local level, not only counties and counties have their own officials to manage administrative, military and supervisory affairs, but also grass-roots units below the county level have set up township-level institutions responsible for administrative management, as well as "kiosks" responsible for public security management and "three elders" responsible for education, so that local "elders" with prestige and strength can serve. So as to establish a top-down bureaucratic rule system.
The legal system, military system, household registration and land management system, the policy of attaching importance to agriculture and restraining business, and the policy of ideological rule established and improved by Qin all had a great social impact on the history from that time to the late Qing Dynasty. Therefore, Tan Sitong, a political reformer in the late Qing Dynasty, said that "two thousand years of politics, Qin's politics is also".
The theory of "Qin died in tyranny" formed by the ideological trend of "crossing Qin" in the early Han Dynasty became a positive conclusion in traditional political culture. The Qin Dynasty perished and the Han Dynasty flourished. As a politician and thinker, he tried to explore the reasons for the short-lived demise of the Qin Dynasty. Liu Bang, the emperor gaozu of Han Dynasty, ordered Lv Jia to write Xin Yu first, while Jia Yi wrote Guo Qin Lun last, followed by Jia Shan, Liu An, Dong Zhongshu, Yan 'an, Zhu and others. These famous political theories, which summed up historical lessons and provided ideas for governing the country, not only had a wide and far-reaching impact at that time, but also had a profound impact on future generations.