After the Qing Dynasty received the invitation letter to the Olympic Games, Empress Dowager Cixi and her aides did not know the meaning of the word "track and field", so they did not send teams to participate. 1922, the IOC elected Wang as an IOC member, the first IOC member in China.
Wang was a famous figure in China sports at that time, and once served as China's ambassador to the United States. He has a very close relationship with the YMCA. At 19 15 and 192 1 twice, he was the chairman of the Far East Games held in Shanghai.
In the absence of a national sports organization in China, the International Olympic Committee elected the then Beiyang Foreign Minister Wang as a member, with the aim of promoting the Olympic Movement in China through him. 1924 In August, the first national sports organization in China, the All-China Sports Federation, was formally established, and Wang Dang was elected as the president (later honorary president).
In the same year, * * * sent three tennis players to perform an exhibition match at the 8th Olympic Games in Paris, France (there was no formal tennis match at the Olympic Games). Four years later, China sent Song Ruhai to visit the 9th Olympic Games in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
In this way, Song Ruhai became the first person in China to officially participate in the Olympic Games after 1924 three tennis players went to perform at the Paris Olympic Games, although they attended as tourists. He was then honorary director of the All-China Sports Association.
Since then, China has officially participated in the 10, 1 1 and 14 Olympic Games. In the old China countries, because of the backward economy and the constant civil war, sports is a forgotten corner, and athletes can't talk about any systematic training, and no achievements have been made in the three Olympic Games.
First time: one person participated in 1932, and the 10th Olympic Games was held in Los Angeles, USA. Our country didn't want to send players to attend, only Shen Siliang, director-general of the National Sports Association, attended the ceremony.
However, the "puppet Manchukuo" supported by Japanese imperialism, in order to cheat the recognition of all countries in the world, even telegraphed the International Olympic Committee and planned to send Liu Changchun and Yu Xiwei as "Manchukuo" athletes to participate in the Olympic Games. The whole country was in an uproar, and Liu Changchun also refused.
Under the strong pressure of public opinion, * * * decided that Liu Changchun and Yu Xiwei should be athletes, Song should be the coach and Shen Siliang should be the team leader to represent China in the Olympic Games. Later, due to the tight time, the faculty of physical education department of Northeastern University found General Zhang Xueliang and asked for support.
Zhang Xueliang immediately allocated $65,438+0,000, and later added $600 as the fund for China athletes to participate in the 10th Olympic Games. At the opening ceremony, Liu Changchun was the only athlete representing China, and there were three staff members behind him, namely Song, (international student) and Shen (coach).
On the competition field, Liu Changchun participated in the competition as the only track and field athlete in China, which was the first time for China athletes to participate in the Olympic Games. Liu Changchun didn't play his usual level and was eliminated in the preliminaries.
Among them, the 100-meter preliminaries ranked fifth with the score of 1 1 sec; 200 meters ranked sixth in 2 1.9 seconds. 1933 set a national record for men's 100 meter run10.7 seconds at the 5th National Games in old China, and kept this record for 25 years.
Although Liu Changchun failed to win the final, he was remembered in the history of China Olympic Games as the first athlete in China. The second time: the score of "Zero Egg" is 1936. At the 1 1 Berlin Olympic Games, old China also organized a delegation of 140 people to participate. In addition to the inspectors, there are 69 athletes who participated in track and field, swimming, basketball, football, weightlifting, boxing, cycling and martial arts performances.
In the competition, except for Fu's pole vault, which passed 3.85 meters, all the other players were eliminated in the preliminary round. Fu was not among the best in the final, so some people said that China got "zero" in this Olympic Games.
Due to limited funds, the athletes who participated in the 1 1 Olympic Games could not fly to Berlin, but went to Berlin by boat. From June 26th, 65438 to June 26th, 0936, China sailed into the * * Sea via Hongkong and Mumbai, crossed the Gulf of Aden, and then entered the Red Sea. During the voyage of 17000 kilometers, our team members were dizzy and exhausted.
Even Yang Xiuqiong, a "mermaid" who is used to water, is ill. What is even more frightening is that just after the 1 1 Olympic Games, the China delegation has no money to live in the Olympic Village. At that time, everyone had to move into a small hotel. Not only has the cost of accommodation become a problem, but the cost of going home has not been settled.
In the end, local overseas Chinese and students raised donations, and overseas Chinese remitted tickets for football matches from Malaysia, trying to get these athletes back to their motherland. At the Olympic Games, Xiao Tongzi, then president of * * * * official news agency, decided to send Feng Youzhen, president of Nanchang Branch, to cover the Olympic Games with the delegation, and Feng Youzhen became the first reporter in China.
The third time: the wounded soldier 1948 The 14th Olympic Games was defeated, which was the eve of the collapse of the Chiang family dynasty. In order to appease people, Chiang Kai-shek decided to send a delegation to participate in this Olympic Games.
* * * * received some capitalists, asked them to pay, gave them passports, and went to London as "consultants" for sports delegations to participate in the Olympic Games. In fact, there are only 36 real athletes and coaches.
In this Olympic Games, China still has no ranking. Lou Wen 'ao, a long-distance runner in China, is deaf and dumb. When he participated in this Olympic Games, he was originally only prepared to take part in the 5000m and10000m events, but the team leader insisted that he take part in another marathon.
The honest Lou Wenao ran like hell as soon as he got on the runway. Soon he fell behind, his feet blistered, and then he bled. Because of the unbearable pain and unwilling to leave, he finally fainted on the runway and was taken to an ambulance.
He lay in the dormitory for several days, when none of the leaders of the regiment came to visit him, patting his chest with anger. He Haohua, an overseas Chinese living in the Netherlands and a famous cyclist, deserves special mention.
He signed up at his own expense to represent China in the cycling race of the 4th/KLOC-0 Olympic Games, vowing to win glory for his motherland. He was caught when he was near the finish line in the competition.
What tragedies have happened in the history of the Olympic Games? The turmoil in the first Athens Olympic Games forced the Greek Prime Minister to step down. The second Paris Olympic Games became an accessory of the World Expo. The third St. Louis Olympic Games buried racial discrimination, and encountered a national flag struggle at the opening ceremony of the fourth London Olympic Games. The unfairness of the fifth Stockholm Olympic Games. The sixth Berlin Olympic Games was destroyed by World War I, and the seventh Antwerp Olympic Games was traumatized by war. China and the International Olympic Committee in the 8th Paris Olympic Games. The 9th Amsterdam Olympic Games will be linked. The Minister of Culture resigned. The 1st Los Angeles Olympic Games 10 China sent athletes to participate in the ll Berlin Olympic Games run by Nazis for the first time. L3 Olympic Games was destroyed in World War II, 14 London Olympic Games was organized on the ruins of war. 15 Helsinki Olympic Games is more political than competition. 16 Melbourne Olympic Games opened a contest between Soviet and American forces. 17 doping death in Rome Olympic Games, 18 Tokyo Olympic Games, football qualifier tragedy, 20th Munich Olympic Games 19 Mexico Olympic Games, bloody battle before the opening ceremony.
1984 Before and after China participated in the Olympic Games, it was very simple. When China became strong and the sports industry was awesome, it went, and 15 brought back the gold medal.
1984: the situation in China.
On the first day after the opening of the Los Angeles Olympic Games, the China sports delegation returning to the Olympic Games showed its elegance as a new world sports power. Xu Haifeng's gold medal in the men's pistol slow-fire competition is not only the first gold medal decided in this Olympic Games, but also a "zero breakthrough" for China people in gold medals and medals at the Olympic Games, and it is also a shame for the "sick man of East Asia" for more than a hundred years. On the morning of July 30th, Beijing time, when the news that Xu Haifeng won the championship was sent back to the motherland, his name immediately resounded through the land of China.
Since then, the China shooting team has made persistent efforts, and Li and Wu won the gold medal of 1 in the "running pig" and women's standard rifle competition respectively.
In track and field events, three athletes from China participated in the men's high jump. In addition to the then world record holder Zhu Jianhua, the other two were Liu Yunpeng and Cai Shu. The latter two ranked seventh and eighth respectively. Under the pressure, Zhu Jianhua failed to play its highest level, and only won the bronze medal, which is the only medal that Asia won in this track and field competition. It shows that there is a clear gap between Asian track and field and other continents.
The battle of men's diving is mainly a contest between China and the United States. Louganis, a 24-year-old American, won the Olympic silver medal in Montreal eight years ago. In recent years, he has won successive championships in important competitions such as the World Cup and Pan-American Games, and has become the "prince" in diving. In this competition, he also has a skill, the champion of both boards and Taiwan Province. China Tan Liangde and Li Kongzheng won bronze medal, Taiwan Province silver medal and Taiwan Province silver medal respectively. In the women's platform competition, China's famous Chen lost to, and the champion was won by another player from China, Zhou, 19 years old; China's Li Yihua, who ranked first in the women's springboard preliminaries, did not play well in the final and only finished fourth. The gold medal winner is Canadian rookie Lucy bernier.
China's 25-year-old Luan Jujie won the women's foil championship after a bitter battle, defeating the world famous hand, 32-year-old German Krzyzek Hanisch. This is also the first time that Asia has won a fencing gold medal at the Olympic Games.
Since the competition started on July 29th, China weightlifters have won in succession. Ceng Guoqiang won four gold medals in the 52kg class, Wu Shude in the 56kg class, Chen Weiqiang in the 60kg class and Yao Jingyuan in the 67.5kg class. In addition to these four gold medals, China also won two silver medals, making it the best team in weightlifting.
On July 3rd1day, the 60kg weightlifting competition in Albert Gersten Gymnasium just ended, and there was warm applause all around. On the rostrum stood two descendants of the dragon: one from Chen Weiqiang and the other from Taipei, China. They won the gold medal and bronze medal at this level respectively. Chinese sons and daughters on both sides of the Taiwan Strait met for the first time at the Sarajevo Winter Olympics, but it was the first time to receive the prize on the same stage.
After losing to the old rival USA in the final on August 8th, China women's volleyball team quickly adjusted its state and gave full play to its strengths. It defeated USA in straight sets and won the gold medal, realizing its dream of winning three consecutive championships for many years (198 1 World Cup, 1982 World Champion).
In gymnastics competition, the first-class China men's team did not lose heart after the team and all-around defeat, and played well in individual events. Li Ning won three gold medals in floor exercise, pommel horse and rings. In addition, he also won two silver medals and 1 bronze medal, which is the athlete who won the most medals this year. He is called "tower of strength" and "shocking little giant". Lou Yun also won the crown of vault competition. In the women's competition, 2 1 year-old Ma tied for the champion with American Zhu McNamara in the uneven bars competition she was good at. In this gymnastics competition, China team won 1 1 medals, and gymnastics became the event that China delegation won the most medals in this Olympic Games.
What changes have taken place in China before and after the Olympic Games? The changes in China after the Olympic Games are mainly:
1.The 2008 Olympic Games will bring opportunities to China's economic development.
According to the calculation of the National Accounting Department of the National Bureau of Statistics of China, hosting the 2008 Olympic Games will boost China's national economy by 0.3 to 0.4 percentage points every year in the next seven years. If so, according to China's GDP of $654.38+000 billion in 2000, the direct promotion of hosting the Olympic Games every year will exceed $3 billion.
It can be seen that hosting the Olympic Games will bring great opportunities to China and promote the development of infrastructure, sports industry and tourism in China (especially in Beijing).
According to the commitment of China's Olympic bid delegation, the overall project of Beijing Olympic Games, including building Olympic infrastructure, building traffic roads, developing communication systems and improving Beijing's air and water quality, will cost 48 billion US dollars. Such a large investment will inevitably bring about very considerable output. The broadcasting rights and sponsorship share of the International Olympic Committee alone may be as high as 654.38+000 billion yuan. Others, such as tourism, will also get new development opportunities. Experts predict that in the six years of preparation, the tourism industry will grow by 100% every year, and the income will increase by $5 billion. $30 billion in six years. It's 250 billion, which is 1 times that of the Olympic Games, and it's 10 billion dollars. In this way, the increase in tourism revenue alone will exceed 30 billion yuan.
Hosting the Olympic Games will also bring huge business opportunities to other provinces and cities. For example, Tianjin airport will be expanded; Another example is that a large number of sports equipment needed for the Olympic Games will be produced in other places, a large number of building materials and equipment needed for Beijing's ecological environment project will also be produced in other places, and a large number of consumer goods will also be supplied in other places, which will play a stimulating role in the economy of all parts of the country.
Second, bring the influence of the Olympic Movement on the traditional culture of China.
1, which is conducive to the cultivation of patriotism and national pride;
2. The slogan "Higher, Faster and Stronger" will inspire the Chinese nation to strive for self-improvement and forge ahead;
3. The combination of pragmatic and practical character and beautiful ideal;
4. Harmonious consciousness will have new scientific connotation;
5. Moral cultivation will be further improved.
In China, an ancient civilization with a long history and rapid development, hosting the Olympic Games under the socialist system will promote the rapid development of China's politics, economy, culture, education, science and technology, and further improve the national quality.
The blending of Chinese and Western cultures is the driving force for the development and self-renewal of China's traditional culture, thus providing advanced cultural support for China's modernization and further promoting the construction of China's material and spiritual civilization.
Third, of course, there are inevitable risks. For example, it is said that the Athens Olympic Games will be lost. )
However, the Beijing Olympic Games will not necessarily lose money. With so many people's support, everyone is full of expectations for the grand event.
Generally speaking, the realistic or long-term impact of the Olympic Games on China cannot be ignored. Will certainly promote the enhancement of China's comprehensive national strength.
The historical origin of the Olympic Movement The Olympic Movement rose in the era of capitalist industrialization in Europe, but its origin can be traced back to the Olympic Games in ancient Greece. The ancient Olympic Games was established to worship Zeus, the king of Greek gods. It is held every four years in Olympia, the most famous religious shrine in ancient Greece. From 776 BC to 393 AD, the ancient Olympic Games were held 293 times, lasting 1 169 years. Its long duration and far-reaching influence is a miracle in human history. The activities, modes and ideas of the ancient Olympic Games had a far-reaching impact on the emergence of the modern Olympic Movement.
The main events of the ancient Olympic Games included running, pentathlon, wrestling, boxing, mixed fighting, horse racing and chariot racing. The champions of all competitions are regarded as heroes, and some are even regarded as gods.
During the ancient Olympic Games, the political envoys of the city-states concluded treaties in Olympia, speakers gave speeches, poets recited poems, and businessmen displayed goods ... which greatly exceeded the scope of sports competitions. In order to ensure the largest national and religious festival in Greece, during the Olympic Games, Greece implemented a "holy truce", which enabled the Olympic Games to be held 293 times without interruption. In the slave society of ancient Greece, it was also a miracle in the history of human civilization to stop the ongoing war in order to host the Olympic Games.
The ancient Olympic Games left precious cultural wealth to human society. The competitive competition mode it created, the continuation of the competitive tradition of 1000 years, and the Olympic ideal and spirit have had a far-reaching impact on modern sports and become the driving factor for the rise of the Olympic movement.
Where did the Olympic Movement originate? When did the ancient Olympic Games begin? How many times has it been held in the long river of human history * * * Apart from the ancient social and cultural phenomenon of religion, the Olympic Movement can be regarded as the oldest social and cultural phenomenon.
From the recorded history, the origin of the Olympic Movement can be traced back to 776 BC. But before that, the ancient Olympic Games may have existed for centuries.
Olympic Games, referred to as "Olympic Games", is a comprehensive world games sponsored by the International Olympic Committee. The Olympic Games originated in ancient Greece and got its name because it was held in the Olympic Games.
Legend has it that the ancient Olympic Games was founded by Zeus, the king of the gods. The 1 th ancient Olympic Games was held in 776 BC and 293 times in 394 AD.
The sports meeting is held every 14 17 days, that is, every four years. Later, people called this cycle the Olympic cycle.
With the rise of modern sports, the Greek people hope to restore the ancient Olympic Games. 1859―― 1889, Greece hosted four Olympic Games and made a preliminary attempt.
From 1883, Frenchman Coubertin devoted himself to the revival of the ancient Olympic Games. Through the efforts of several generations, the International Olympic Committee was established on June 23rd, 1894.
The first Olympic Games drawn up by Coubertin emphasized the amateurism of the Olympic movement, and stipulated that only the winners were awarded honorary awards at the Olympic Games, and no money or other material rewards were given to athletes in any form. 1896 ―― 15 On April 6th, the first Olympic Games was held in Athens.
The ancient Olympic Games were basically held every four years, and this cycle was called "Olympiad". According to this cycle, from 776 BC to 394 AD, * * * should be held for 293 sessions; But in fact the number of meetings is much less.
However, according to the ancient Olympic Games, one Olympic Games is one, whether it is held or not. In the early days of the ancient Olympic Games, there were not many events, so the first 22 sessions only lasted for one day.
Later, with the increase of incidents, it was extended to two days. From the 37th session, the juvenile competition was added, and the time was extended to 5 days.
The first day is the opening ceremony, where sacrifices and oaths are held, the second, third and fourth days are the specific contents of the competition, and the fifth day is the closing ceremony, where prizes are awarded and sacrificial activities are held. At present, the Olympic Games include track and field, swimming (including diving, water polo and synchronized swimming), shooting, weightlifting, cycling, archery, basketball, volleyball, football, handball, hockey, gymnastics (including rhythmic gymnastics), fencing, international wrestling (freestyle and classical), boxing, judo, rowing and kayaking.
The development scale and level of the modern Olympic Movement have attracted worldwide attention. The Olympic spirit has been widely spread.
People see that Olympism, as a cultural phenomenon, closely links ethnic groups with different skin colors and cultural backgrounds in the form of competition, which has a far-reaching impact on human social activities and human civilization. As a sports phenomenon, the Olympic Games is the most fascinating stage for human beings to explore the limits of physical fitness. Olympic records and medals have become lofty goals pursued by athletes, and the Olympic movement has become a global activity with great attraction, penetration and cohesion in many participating countries and regions.
From 65438 to 0893, at the suggestion of Coubertin, the father of the Olympic Games, an international sports conference was held in Paris to discuss the revival of the Olympic Games. 1894 1 month, Coubertin drew up the concrete steps and 10 issues to be discussed in reviving the Olympic Games, and wrote to sports organizations and groups in various countries.
16 June, the "International Sports Congress" opened in Sorbonne Theological Seminary in Paris, with 79 delegates representing 49 sports organizations in 2 countries. 2000 people attended the opening ceremony.
The General Assembly adopted the resolution of "Reviving the Olympic Movement". On June 23rd, the International Olympic Committee was established.
The establishment of the International Olympic Committee marks the birth of the Olympic Movement.
About the history and origin of the Olympic Games
Ancient Greece was a mythical kingdom. Beautiful fairy tales and bizarre folk stories cast a mysterious color on the origin of the ancient Olympic Games. Legend: The ancient Olympic Games was a regular sports activity to worship Zeus. Another legend is related to Hercules, the son of Zeus. Heracles is known as "Hercules" because of its great strength. He finished the task that ordinary people couldn't finish in Elis city-state, and cleaned the king's cowshed full of cow dung in less than half a day, but the king didn't want to honor his promise of giving away 300 cows, so Herakler drove the king away in a fit of pique. To celebrate his victory, he held a sports meeting at the Olympic Games.
The most popular story about the origin of the ancient Olympic Games is Pelops's marriage. In order to choose a husband who is both civil and military for his daughter, Elis, the king of ancient Greece, proposed that the candidate must compete with himself in the chariot. In the competition, 13 youths were killed by the king's spear, 14 youths were Pelops, the grandson of Zeus and the sweetheart of the princess. Encouraged by love, he bravely accepted the king's challenge and finally won with wisdom. To celebrate this victory, Pelops and the princess held a grand wedding in front of the temple of Zeus in Olympia. At the meeting, chariots, gladiators and other competitions were arranged. This was the original ancient Olympic Games, and Pelops became the legendary founder of the ancient Olympic Games.
The origin of the Olympic Games is actually closely related to the social situation in ancient Greece. In the 9th-8th century BC, the Greek clan society gradually disintegrated, the slave society of city-state system gradually formed, and more than 200 city-states were established. City-states are fragmented, there is no unified monarch, and wars between city-states continue. In order to cope with the war, every city-state actively trains its own soldiers. The children of the Spartan city-state were raised by the state from the age of seven, engaged in sports and military training, and lived a military life. War needs soldiers, soldiers need strong bodies, and sports is a powerful means to train soldiers who can fight. The war promoted the development of Greek sports, and the events of the ancient Olympic Games also had obvious military brand. The people are disgusted with the continuous war and generally long for a peaceful environment to recuperate. Later, the King of Sparta and the King of Elis signed the "Holy Truce Month" treaty. As a result, the military training and sports competitions to prepare for the troops have gradually become games of peace and friendship.
In 776 BC, the Greeks stipulated that a sports meeting should be held in Olympia every four years. During the sports meeting, all Greek athletes and nearby citizens gathered in Olympia, a scenic town in southern Greece. In 776 BC, the first Olympic Games was held here, and Dorian Klose won the 192.27 meter sprint. He became the first winner of the first event in the International Olympic Games.
Later, the scale of the ancient Greek Games gradually expanded and became a grand event to show the national spirit. The winner of the competition can get a wreath of laurel, wild olive and palm. From 776 BC to 394 AD, after 1 170 years, * * * held the 293rd ancient Olympic Games. It was banned by the Roman emperor in 394 AD.
1875~ 188 1 year, Kutius in Germany excavated cultural relics in Olympic sites, which aroused the interest of the whole world. To this end, the French educator Pierre? De? Coubertin believes that restoring the tradition of the ancient Greek Olympic Games is of great significance to promoting the development of international sports. Under his advocacy and active running, the first international sports conference was held in Paris in June 1894. The International Sports Congress decided to call the world-wide comprehensive games the Olympic Games, and held the first modern Olympic Games in Athens, once every four years, in turn in all member countries.
By 2004, 28 Olympic Games had been held. In 2008, the 29th session will be held in Beijing, China.