Guloulan is located in the west bank of Lop Nur, Ruoqiang County, Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture. Loulan, one of the 36 western regions in the Western Han Dynasty, was once the capital of Loulan Kingdom in the Western Han Dynasty. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it became the seat of the long history office of the Western Regions, and was later annexed by Shanshan State.

Because it is located in the east of Tarim Basin, it has become the most convenient channel for communication between the Central Plains and the Western Regions. Loulan, as the political, economic and transportation hub of the western regions at that time, was once brilliant and prosperous, but it disappeared from the historical records after the Eastern Han Dynasty. The most basic reason for being abandoned is the diversion of Peacock River, which leads to the depletion of water resources in the downstream area. The ancient city of Loulan covers an area of 65,438+10,000 square meters.

There are sites, relics and ancient tombs in the ancient city, such as tutai, stupa, residential area, Buddhist temple and beacon tunnel. Unearthed cultural relics are of great value to the study of Sino-Western exchanges, Sino-Western cultural exchanges and the historical relationship between the frontier and the mainland.